Translation and various sections of linguistics

 

So, translational studies is associated with linguistic disciplines that study language and certain language courses in a single language, as well as students of two or more languages. It is more closely associated with some of these disciplines (for example, semantics, text linguistics), with others it also finds fewer intersection points (for example, with phonetics).

Within the framework of translation studies, phonetics questions occupy a subordinate position, since not individual sounds or prosodic components of speech are translated, but whole texts and meanings. Therefore, the interdisciplinary communication of phonetics and translation is limited and mainly affects the translation of texts intended for oral impact: the speech of characters in films, texts of vocal music, liturgical texts, sound fragments of advertising texts. To a certain extent, sound issues are taken into account when translating poetry and verse-oriented art prose.

Semantics as a section of linguistics studies the structure of meaning at the level of words, sentences, whole texts. The question of conveying the meaning of what was said, i.e. One of the central questions of translation studies is what one word or another word, phrase, sentence, and also about reproducing the semantic plan in translation.

The application of the method of semantic component analysis turns out to be very useful for optimizing translation activities. It represents the decomposition of the meaning of a word into the minimal components contained in it, semes. The use of component analysis in translation studies is necessary, since almost no words coincide in their semantic composition with words of another language. An English student, unlike a Russian student, does not have a student enrolled in a higher education institution. The concept, and, consequently, the semantic structure of the Russian word night does not coincide with the English night, which includes this evening, for example, in the expression last night. And therefore, you need to be able to detect the most significant semantic components of a word in this particular context.

 

Translation rates

 

The general theory of translation reveals the concept of translation form, on the basis of which the quality of translation is assessed.

The set of requirements for the quality of translation is called the translation rate. The quality of the translation is determined by the degree of its compliance with the translational norm and the nature of involuntary or conscious deviations from this norm.

Regulatory requirements are formulated in the form of principles or rules of translation. The translation rate is formed as a result of the interaction of translating linguistic different types of regulatory requirements:

1) translation equivalence rate;

2) genre-stylistic norms of translation;

3) norms of translational speech;

4) pragmatic translation rate;

5) conventional translation rate.

Translation equivalence rate is not a constant parameter. It means that the content of the original and translation should be as general as possible, but only to the extent compatible with other regulatory requirements ensuring the adequacy of the translation. Genre-stylistic translation rate can be defined as the requirement that the translation corresponds to the dominant function and the stylistic features of the type of text to which the translation belongs. The choice of this type is determined by the nature of the original, and the stylistic requirements that the translation must meet are the regulatory rules that characterize texts of a similar type in the language of translation. The genre-stylistic norm largely determines both the necessary level of equivalence and the dominant function, the maintenance of which is the main task of the translator and the main criterion for assessing the quality of his work.

The rate of translational speech can be defined as the requirement to comply with the rules of the norm and customary language, taking into account the usual features of translated texts in this language. These features are implemented by translators intuitively in their practice.

A pragmatic translation rate can be defined as a requirement to ensure the pragmatic value of translation. The pragmatic conditions of the translation act may make it necessary to completely or partially refuse to comply with the translation standard, to replace the actual translation with a retelling, abstract or any other type of transmission of the contents of the original, which does not pretend to its comprehensive representation.

The conventional translation rate can be defined as a requirement of the maximum proximity of the translation to the original, its ability to fully replace the original, both in general and in detail, performing the tasks for which the translation was carried out. Thus, compliance with all regulatory rules, except the norm of equivalence, is more general in nature and is something taken for granted, and the degree of loyalty to the original is the variable that most determines the level of professional qualifications of the translator and the quality assessment of each individual translation.

 

CONCLUSION

 

In this course work was considered the study of many scientists associated with the study of the theory of translation as a science, and the theory of translation as a linguistic science. As a result of the analysis performed, it can be concluded that the translation discrepancy is not only inconsistency with the content of the original, revealed at the level of the individual sentence, and not only inconsistency with the norm and pattern of the translating language. It is also a discrepancy between the author’s communicative intention of the original, a distortion of the author’s communicative intent, his thought, the meaning put into the text as a tool for influencing the recipient.

Translation is a linguistic process, interlanguage transformation or transformation of text in one language into text in another language; means to ensure the possibility of communication (communication) between people speaking different languages. In this regard, the data of communicative linguistics are of particular importance for the theory of translation:

- about the features of the speech communication process; the specifics of direct and indirect speech acts;

- on the relationship between the expressed and implied meaning in the statement and the text;

- about the influence of the context and the situation of communication on the understanding of the text;

- about other factors determining the communicative behavior of a person.

Translation Theory is a logically based model of bilingual communication; theoretical part of linguistics translation (section of linguistics, which studies translation as a linguistic phenomenon).

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

1. Garbovsky N.K. Translation Theory: Textbook. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow. University, 2004.

2. Komissarov V.N. Translation Theory (Linguistic Aspects). - M.: High School, 1999.

3. Latyshev L.K. Translation technology. - M.: NVI-Thesaurus, 2000.

4. Retzker Ya.I. On natural correspondences in the translation into the native language // Questions of the theory and methods of educational translation. - M., 1950.

5. Semko S.A. Lectures on translation theory. - N.Novgorod: NGLU them. ON. Dobrolyubova, 2005.

6. Sdobnikov VV, Petrova O.V. Theory of Translation: A textbook for students of linguistic universities and faculties of foreign languages. - N.Novgorod: NGLU them. ON. Dobrolyubova, 2001.

7. Shevnin A.B. Erratology: Monograph. - Ekaterinburg: Ural Humanitarian Institute, 2003.

8. Fedorov A.V. Introduction to the theory of translation (Linguistic problems). - 2nd ed. - M.: Publishing house on foreign. lang., 1958.

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