At the doctor’s office У врача

Secretary: Good morning.Can I help you? Vladimir Rozov: Good morning. My name is Rozov.I have an 11 o'clock appointment.          S: Please, take a seat.The doctor will   see you soon.                                                          V.R.: Thank you.     Doctor: Hello, Mr.Rozov.Come in, please. Sorry to have kept you waiting.                           V.R.: That's all right. Did you get all                   the test results?                                                      D: Yes, I got them last hight. As to the          tests, everything is okay.Your cardio   gram is normal too.                                                V.R.: But what about the X-ray? Is anything wrong?                                                                  D: The X-ray shows emphysema.                        That's evidently the result of your heavy             smoking.Your breath shortness and your cough are probably caused by the                       emphysema.                                                          V.R.: Is that serious?                                            D: It could become extremely serious.     If you are worried about your health                    cut out your smoking.                                           V.R.: Certainly, I'll try to stop smoking               king. What else could you advise me to do for improving my health?               D: You should do daily exercises. Eat     small meals four or five times a day.    V.R.: Do I have to go to the hospital?    D: No.I'll give you a prescription.            Take the pills three times a day. I want you to see me again in three weeks. Stay well.           V.R.: Thank you, doctor.

- Доброе утро. Чем могу служить?   - Доброе утро. Меня зовут Розов. Я записан на 11 часов утра.   - Садитесь пожалуйста. Доктор вас скоро примет. - Спасибо. - Здравствуйте, г-н Розов. Заходите. Простите, что заставил вас ждать. - Ничего. Вы получили все результаты анализов. - Да, я их получил вчера вечером Что касается анализов, то все в порядке. Ваша электрокардиограмм также в пределах нормы. - А что с рентгеном? Нашли что-нибудь? - Рентген показывает эмфизему Это, очевидно, результат того, что вы много курите. Ваша  одышка и ваш кашель, наверно,                      вызваны эмфиземой.  - Это опасно? - Это может стать очень опасно. Если вас беспокоит состояние   вашего здоровья, бросайте курить. - Конечно, я постараюсь бросить курить. Какие другие меры вы можете мне посоветовать для улучшения моего здоровья? - Вы должны ежедневно заниматься физическими упражнениями. Ешьте по-немногу 4-5 раз в день. - Мне придется лечь в больницу? - Нет. Я вам выпишу рецепт. Принимайте пилюли 3 раза в день. Приходите снова ко мне через 3 недели. Будьте здоровы. - Спасибо, доктор.

Unit 7. World of nature. Environmental protection.

Environmental protection

Ecological problems are becoming more and more important today. People all over the world discuss environmental protection, but we still go on polluting air, water and soil.

Air pollution is the biggest problem of large cities and industrial areas. It is usually caused by different means of transport. Cars, buses and planes are among the worst air polluters. Factories and plants also pollute air by pouring harmful emissions into the air causing lung diseases and doing harm to our health. As a result, acid rains appear and damage forests and soil.

Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and give out oxygen in return. In some parts of the world, such as Asia and South America, trees are threatened not by pollution, but by people. The rainforests are destroyed for firewood and building materials. If we lose tropical forests, it will become more difficult to breathe, because they provide 50 per cent of the world's annual production of oxygen. With more carbon dioxide in the air, the temperature on the planet will rise and this will cause global warming.

How can the problems of air pollution be solved? First of all, people should try to use alternative sources of energy, such as solar, water or wind energies, or at least to burn smokeless fuels.

There are ways to reduce air pollution caused by road traffic. It is possible to build more railways and to support public transportation. Also, people should be encouraged to drive at the speed limit in order to use fuel more efficiently. Another way is to encourage tree planting, because trees absorb carbon dioxide. Special kinds of gasoline for cars can also help to reduce air pollution.

Water pollution is as dangerous as air pollution. Factories and plants dump wastes into rivers and lakes polluting them. Wastes that get into rivers, streams and oceans can entangle wildlife or be mistaken by them for food and spread diseases to humans. Rain or excess water can wash fertilisers into rivers and streams, causing excess weeds to grow.

There are several things that can be done to restore polluted waterways back to normal. You should make sure you never throw anything that could be toxic down a drain or onto soil. Basically, it is important to remember that anything that gets onto the ground can eventually end up in a river, lake or stream. So, make sure you do not allow any chemicals or waste to go on the ground or down the drain.

Soil pollution does not allow plants to grow and makes people sick after they eat fruit and vegetables grown on polluted soil. People also pollute soil by throwing litter onto it. Forests are full of used bottles and cans. Such litter can be found in rivers and lakes too which makes wild animals sick and causes their death. This can be stopped if you make sure that you throw litter into recycling bins and take litter with you after a picnic in a forest or on a river bank.
Every day we throw away a lot of litter, which, actually, we can use again, for example paper, cloth, glass, plastic, etc. Everybody should know the three r's: reduce, reuse and recycle. Water and electricity can and should be reduced. We should reuse whatever we can: plastic bags, paper, cans, glass and bottles. Paper and plastic, for example, are also recycled at factories and plants and we get paper and plastic bags made from recycled materials.

It is impossible to stop technological process, to close «all factories and plants to prevent pollution, but people need to invent new waste-free technologies that will not damage the environment. There are new inventions such as self-destructible plastic bags which turn into powder if you keep them for some time or leave them in the forest. There are up-to-date filters that make water and air clean and that some factories and plants have started using to prevent pollution.

We must not ignore the problems of environmental pollution and we have to try and make everything possible to stop or at least reduce it.

Weather

There are five climatic zones on this planet: the equatorial climate zone, the tropical climate zone, the temperate climatic zone, Arctic and Antarctic climate belts.

Our country is in the temperate climatic zone. Average temperature is 12-13 degrees above zero (Celsius) here.

The weather is the thing we always talk about. In Great Britain if people don't know what talk about they talk about the weather. It often changes and brings cold and misty, sunshine and rain, frost and snow.

In summer the sun shines, often there is no wind and there are no clouds in the sky which is blue and beautiful. We can see stars and the moon at night and people like walks, outdoor games and sports in the fresh air. It's usually 18-20 degrees above zero (Celsius). When autumn comes, the days become shorter and colder. It gets dark earlier and often heavy clouds cover the sky bringing rain with them. Sometimes there is heavy rain, so that an umbrella or a raincoat is necessary if we don't want to get wet through. Then you can hear people say, "What bad weather! When is this rain going to stop?" Many people then catch cold and must go to bed. Then a fire at home is so pleasant. And in autumn the temperate is usually 5-15 above zero degrees (Celsius).

At last frost and snow come. Fields, forests and houses are covered with snow and rivers and lakes with ice. In winter people enjoy skiing, skating and sledging. Children like to play snowballs. The temperate is usually 5-20 below zero degrees (Celsius).

But spring again brings sunshine and warm winds. Sometimes it snows but snow will not remain long, it will melt in the warm sun." Spring will bring bright sunshine, green grass and flowers. The temperate is usually 13-14 above zero degrees (Celsius).

But the weather is very different, and we can know about tomorrow weather from weather forecasts.

We get wet through when we are caught in a rainstorm without a coat. Sometimes we put on a sweater and then find that the weather has become hot. We do not always know what weather to expect.

On TV and radio there are daily weather forecasts. Sometimes, the forecast is not quite right as the weather is not an easy thing to forecast.
All day and night, weathermen are collecting information from ships, planes, weather stations, and space stations. With the help of this information, they can understand what the weather will be like during the next few days. As a result of the weathermen's work we learn about the weather.

Although no two days will have exactly the same weather, some types of weather people can forecast. When a barometer shows high pressure, the weather will be calm. In winter it will be cold and frosty. In summer it usually means misty mornings and hot sunny days. When the barometer shows low pressure, look out for rain and strong winds.

People invented many proverbs and sayings about weather. This is some of them: When the wind is west the weather is always best. When the wind's in the south, the rain's in its mouth.

If you don't like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes.
A lot of professions are depend of weather. For example: vet, farmer and others.

So we cannot live without weather, because practically all of our plans depend of weather. But without it our life will be very-very bored and routine.

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