Words and terms to be remembered

Unit 1

ENGINEERING

Before we start:

discuss the questions in pairs: How many schools are there within the FEFU? (make a list of them) What School do you study at? Who is the head of it? What department do you study at? What other engineering departments are there at your school? (Make a list of them) Why did you decide to choose engineering field?

Word Study

Words and terms to be remembered

Objective derive

contrive devise

jurisdiction actuator

thesis board exam

subsequent by virtue of

outlook engage

maintenance reveal

proceed core essence

Exercise 1. The above-mentioned words all appear in the text you are going to read:

a). Work with the dictionary and find the transcription and the meaning of the words

b). Practice pronouncing the words

c). Make up the word-combinations of your own using these words

Exercise 2. Read the words correctly and guess their meaning. Consult the dictionary

Analyze criteria, business psychology, business administration, project management, control circuitry, define a problem, failure mechanism, conduct and narrow research, find solution, sensors, project report, engineer, engineering, Bachelor's degree, interdisciplinary team, mechanical engineer.

Exercise 3. Fill in the box with all derivatives. Consult the dictionary

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
Practitioner
		Objective
	Vary
		Competent

Exercise 4. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word-combinations

Monitor the quality of products, generate specifications for parts, monitor the quality of products, control the efficiency of processes, structural and transportation engineering, materials engineering, semiconductor material, motor vehicle, peer-reviewed practice, embedded software.

Text Study

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text A and find answers to the following questions

1. What words is the word engineer derived from?

2. What is an engineer responsible for?

3. What branches can engineers specialize and functions perform?

4. Could you tell some words about your perspective?

Text A

Engineers

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements of the society.

The word engineer is derived from the Latin words ingeniare (" to contrive, devise" ) and ingenium (" cleverness" ).The foundational qualifications of an engineer typically include a 4-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdictions, a master's degree in an engineering discipline plus 4–6 years of peer-reviewed professional practice (culminating in a project report or thesis) and passage of engineering board examinations.

The work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human and business needs and quality of life. A professional engineer is competent by virtue of his/her fundamental education and training to apply the scientific method and outlook to the analysis and new solution of engineering problems.

During the engineering design process, the responsibilities of the engineer may include defining problems, conducting and narrowing research, analyzing criteria, finding and analyzing solutions, and making decisions. Much of an engineer's time is spent on researching, locating, applying, and transferring information. Indeed, research suggests engineers spend 56% of their time engaged in various information behaviors, including 14% actively searching for information.

Engineers apply techniques of engineering analysis in testing, production, or maintenance. Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state of the system, device or mechanism under study. Engineering analysis proceeds by separating the engineering design into the mechanisms of operation or failure, analyzing or estimating each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and recombining the components. They may analyze risk.

Many engineers use computers to produce and analyze designs, to simulate and test how a machine, structure, or system operates, to generate specifications for parts, to monitor the quality of products, and to control the efficiency of processes.

There are many branches of engineering, each of which specializes in specific technologies and products. Most engineers specialize in one or more engineering disciplines. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and transportation engineering and materials engineering include ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Mechanical engineering cuts across just about every discipline since its core essence is applied physics. Engineers also may specialize in one industry, such as motor vehicles, or in one type of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials.

When developing a product, engineers typically work in interdisciplinary teams. For example, when building robots an engineering team will typically have at least three types of engineers. A mechanical engineer would design the body and actuators. An electrical engineer would design the power systems, sensors, electronics, embedded software in electronics, and control circuitry. Finally, a software engineer would develop the software that makes the robot behave properly. Engineers can also be engaged in business administration, project management and organizational or business psychology.

Text B

Exercise 9. Work with the dictionary and find the transcription and the meaning of the words:

apparatus

maintenance

behavior

circuit

efficient

equipment

circumstances

guidance

immense

schedule

to deal

to be dealt

to be aware

hull

prophylactic to be charged with

machine device