Ex. 31 Choose the correct alternative.

1. Sunlight can be directly converted into electricity by turbines / solar cells.

2. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem and the shoreline can be damaged by the changes in the tidal flow / wind.

3. Geothermal Energy energy is cheap and has a low impact on the environment, but there are many / few sites where it can be extracted at low cost.

4. PV system  can produce energy for more than 100 / 15 years and its routine maintenance is simple and cheap.

5. The process of converting light (photons) into heat / electricity (voltage) is known as the photo-voltaic process.

6.  Even if the initial costs can be high, the PV system provides an independent, reliable kinetic / electrical power source.

7. Biomass is a nonrenewable/ renewable energy source deriving from plant material and animal waste.

8. It used to be the main source of energy heating at home in the past and it continues to be highly exploited in the developed /developing world.

9. The main disadvantage of biomass is that it has a smaller / larger potential than other energy sources and requires excellent maintenance skills.

10. This alternative power source, which is typically used in coastal areas, turns the potential energy of wind /tides into electricity.

11. Solar cells are usually combined into panels and grouped into piles / arrays.

12. The turbines are driven by the power of the sea both when the waves / tide comes in and when it goes out.

13. Large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high / low tidal movements.

14. The hot water which is stored in the Earth can be brought to the surface and used to drive turbines to produce heat /electricity.

Ex. 32 Role play “T he Future Alternative Energy Source.”

Student A.  You think that solar power is the future alternative energy source. Tell the others that solar power has been one of the most promising sources of sustainable energy. It also has many different uses. It is also completely abundant (широко распространённый), sustainable, available anywhere, reduces electricity costs, has numerous applications, is quiet, is low maintenance and has support from the government. New technology is continuously being developed.

Student B. You think w ater or hydroelectric is a renewable resource that produces the most energy. In addition to supplying energy, it also creates water reserves, is clean and produces zero greenhouse gas emissions, avoids tons of carbon pollution each year. You think water is the future alternative energy source. Prove it.

Student C. You think b iomass energy is carbon neutral and has low initial costs. The use of bio energy has the potential to greatly reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. An advancement of new technology biofuels have more positive than negative aspects for consumption. You think biofuels are future alternative energy source. Tell the others the reason of it, concerning cost, source material and renewability, widespread use.

Student D. You think w ind power is the fastest growing source of new electric power. It is clean, cost effective, inexhaustible, creates jobs. Wind power has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Turbines can be built on existing farm land or any suitable site. Prove it.

Student E. You think g eothermal power is the future alternative energy source. It does not cause significant amounts of pollution, the reservoirs are naturally replenished, do not take a lot of space. Recent technology advancements have lowered costs, meet base load energy demand. Other applications that can use geothermal heat include commercial buildings, roads, agriculture, and industrial factories. Prove your point of view.

Student F. You think nuclear power is truly (поистине) an environmentally responsible source of energy. It helps provide the electricity that our growing economy needs without increasing emissions. The cost of generating electricity from a nuclear power station is relatively low. There is a limited supply of fossil fuels on the Earth, but a supply of natural uranium is unlimited. You think that nuclear power is the future alternative energy source.

Grammar

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