Ex. 33 Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct Perfect Tense and Voice.

1. Environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect and air pollution (to lead) scientists to find alternative power sources which are renewable and less polluting.

2. With the increasing danger that global warming is becoming, more focus (to put) on developing renewable resources and how we can use them.

3. Many of the renewable resources that are found (to show) very promising results.

4. These renewable energy sources (to be available) to us for years.

5. In the United States large dams (to build) to house these generators.

6. Solar power (to be) one of the most promising sources of sustainable energy.

7. Huge plants have also (to build) to harness an immense amount of solar energy.

8. Solar power is expensive but research (to put) into making it much cheaper.

9. Recent technology advancements (to lower) costs and created more exploitable resources.

10. Pay-Go Solar in Africa– startups (to achieve) success in their plan to bring power to parts of Africa that have little to no access to energy infrastructure.

Ex. 34 Translate into Russian paying attention to the Perfect Tenses.

1. India has made incredible advancements in their solar sector since 2016.

2. Renewable resources have been supplying the Earth with a clean energy for many years.

3. Solar power has been by far the most popular for its personal use and its numerous applications.

4. Many governments and states have offered grants and discounts for the installations of the solar panels.

5. Iceland and Norway generate all their electricity using renewable energy, and many other countries have set the goal to reach 100% renewable energy in the future.

6. Environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect and air pollution have led scientists to find alternative power sources which are renewable and less polluting.

7. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even scientists anticipated (предвидели).

8. It is evident that renewable energy has become efficient and widely used.

9. We learned from the lecture that renewable energy had been the main source for new technological developments since the 19^th century. 

10. We read that for the first time electricity had been applied for industrial use in silver workshops in Paris.

11. People have been using both renewable and non-renewable sources of energy for many years.

12. Elec­tricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduced cost.

Ex. 35 Translate from Russian into English, paying attention to the Perfect Tenses.

1. Возобновляемые источники энергии доступны для нас уже много лет.

2. Мы укрощаем энергию ветра уже сотни лет.

3. В последние годы рост использования возобновляемых источников энергии стал явным.

4. К 2020 году доля возобновляемых источников энергии в производстве электроэнергии в Европе составит около 20%.

5. В России всегда треть электроэнергии вырабатывалась на гидроэлектростанциях.

6. До недавнего времени вопросам развития использования возобновляемых источников энергии в России уделялось мало внимания.

7. Ветроэнергетика, геотермальная и солнечная энергетика, а также гидроэнергетика будут широко развиты в нашей стране в ближайшем будущем.

Lesson 4

Smart Flower

 

Ex. 3 6 Read Text 3D. Compare two sources of energy: Smart Flower and Nuclear Power plant in terms of ecology and safety.

Text 3D

Smart Flower

Smart Flower– this fairly new tech is the latest in solar panel technology. The Smart Flower looks like a big sunflower, and with the power of a GPS tracker, it mimics the functions of a real flower. Throughout the day, this flower will turn towards the direction the sun is shining. This insures that it will absorb the most amount of sunlight. Smart Flower is an ideal energy solution for locations where there is a lack of space for using conventional solar panels. It actually captures 40% more solar energy than a traditional solar panel. People owing electric cars can also use Smart Flower for recharging battery packs during daylight hours. An advanced model, Smart Flower Plus has special storage batteries to store energy for after daylight or in case of emergency. Another cool thing about the Smart Flower is that it can clean and is self-cooling. The flower automatically unfolds in the morning when the sun rises and folds back down when it sets. It also folds closed during inclement (суровый) weather.

Nuclear power plants

Nuclear power will help provide the electricity that our growing economy needs without increasing emissions. This is truly an environmentally responsible source of energy.

This type of energy is produced by the splitting of atoms of uranium, which releases heat. This process - called fission (термоядерная реакция) - produces large amounts of steam, which is used to turn the blades of turbines thus creating energy.

About 10% of the world's electric power is produced by nuclear power plants. Nuclear power requires little fuel and causes much less air pollution than other power plants, but it can cause severe health and environmental problems when accidents occur, with a consequent release of radioactive material. The main problems with nuclear power are linked to the location of the power plants, as people are not willing to have these plants near their homes, and the disposal of waste material, which stays radioactive for centuries.

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