СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ СЛУШАТЕЛЕЙ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

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Л.Э. Ивкова

И.Ф. Кардаш

«Английский язык»

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ СЛУШАТЕЛЕЙ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

ФАКУЛЬТЕТА «ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ»

ВСЕХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

(полная и сокращённая формы обучения)

Направления подготовки

080100.62 Экономика 080200.62 - Менеджмент

Калининград

2012

Английский язык: Сборник текстов и заданий для слушателей заочной формы обучения факультета «Экономика и управление» всех специальностей: Программа / Авт.- сост. Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф. – г. Калининград: МФЮА, 2012. – 41с.


Рассмотрен и одобрен Кафедрой общих гуманитарных и естественно-научных дисциплин Калининградского филиала МФЮА, протокол от «_08__» _ноября__ 2012 г. № _3_






Авторы: Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф.









	© Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф., 2012 © Кафедра общих гуманитарных и естественно-научных дисциплин, 2012 © Калининградский филиал МФЮА, 2012

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

Для достижения успеха в изучении дисциплины необходимо приступить к работе над иностранным языком с первых же дней обучения в вузе и заниматься им систематически. Учеба на заочном факультете начинается с установочной сессии. В этот период на аудиторных занятиях под руководством преподавателя вы систематизируете знания по иностранному языку, полученные в средне-специальной и/или общеобразовательной школе; разберете наиболее сложные грамматические темы; отработаете навыки работы со словарем и профессионально-ориентированным неадаптированным текстом; ознакомитесь с разговорными темами, выносимыми на зачет и экзамен.

Процесс обучения в вузе базируется на основе умений и навыков, приобретенных в довузовских учебных заведениях. К сожалению, приходится отмечать тенденцию к снижению уровня довузовской подготовки, которая усугубляется спецификой заочного обучения - загруженностью на службе, значительным перерывом в получении дальнейшего образования и сокращенным бюджетом аудиторного учебного времени. Большая часть языкового материала при заочном обучении прорабатывается самостоятельно и на самостоятельную работу необходимо отводить не меньше того количества часов, которое указано в программе.

Настоящие методические рекомендации помогут слушателю в самостоятельной работе по развитию практических навыков чтения и перевода англо-американских источников по специальности.

Работа со словарем

Перед началом работы ознакомьтесь в предисловии с указаниями по использованию словаря, с его построением и системой условных обозначений. Для эффективной работы со словарем необходимо знать алфавит. Все слова в словаре расположены в алфавитном порядке по всем составляющим слова буквам. Следует ориентироваться по буквам в верхнем углу страницы словаря. Это поможет вам быстро найти нужное слово. Слово в словаре дается в исходной форме: существительные - в единственном числе, глаголы - в форме инфинитива, прилагательные - в положительной степени.

Прочитайте словарную статью (перечень основных и наиболее употребляемых значений слова) и выберите нужную часть речи и подходящее по смыслу для данного контекста значение. Семантика слова выявляется в контексте и зависит от лексического окружения слова, поэтому одной из предпосылок для адекватного перевода является анализ и осмысление контекста.

Работа с текстом

Одной из главных целевых установок обучения иностранному языку является умение получать информацию из иноязычного источника. Поиск информации в огромном потоке литературы требует от специалиста владения навыками чтения. Понимание иностранного текста достигается при осуществлении в основном двух видов чтения: ознакомительного (чтение текстов с извлечением основного содержания) и изучающего (чтение с извлечением полной информации из текста). Навыки владения этими видами чтения проверяются в текстовых заданиях контрольных работ и во время сдачи зачета и экзамена.

Ознакомительное чтение текста - чтение с охватом основного содержания складывается из умений:

1) догадываться о значении незнакомых слов на основе словообразовательных признаков и контекста;

2) видеть интернациональные слова и устанавливать их значение;

3) игнорировать незнакомые слова, не являющиеся важными для понимания основного содержания текста;

4) распознавать связующие слова-ориентиры, выражающие логические отношения между предложениями и абзацами, и указывающие на последовательность развития темы;

5) находить знакомые грамматические формы и конструкции и устанавливать их эквиваленты в русском языке;

6) применять знания по специальным предметам в качестве основы смысловой и языковой догадки и др.

Важнейшим условием формирования указанных умений является усердная практика.

Точное полное понимание текста осуществляется путем изучающего чтения. Данный вид чтения предполагает умение проводить лексико-грамматический анализ текста. Необходимо определить каждое предложение. Сложное предложение разбить на отдельные предложения, в каждом из них найти группу подлежащего и дополнения, и группу сказуемого. Итогом изучающего чтения является точный перевод текста на русский язык. Проводя этот вид работы, следует развивать навыки адекватного перевода текста с использованием общих и специальных словарей, При этом необходимо помнить, что перевод - это передача смыслового содержания и стилистических особенностей высказывания на одном языке средствами другого. Стремясь выразить средствами русского языка форму и содержание оригинала, можно отступать от точного соответствия отдельных слов, предлагаемого словарем. Смысловая структура слова, т.е. перечень всех его словарных значений, не исчерпывает возможностей заложенных в слове. Некоторые оттенки значений слова выступают только в соответствующем контексте. Контекстуальное значение в словарях не фиксируется.

Грамматический справочник

РАЗДЕЛ I. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

§ 1. Одним из способов образования слов в английском языке является присоединение к основе приставок и суффиксов. Суффиксы присоединяются к основе в конце и в большинстве случаев служат для образования одной части речи от другой. Ниже приводятся наиболее продуктивные суффиксы. 1. Слова с суффиксами - er, - or обозначают действующее лицо, прибор, приспособление (a worker – рабочий).

Глагол

§ 17. В предложении глагол выступает в роли сказуемого, т.е. члена предложения, выражающего действие. Сказуемое может состоять из одной или нескольких глагольных форм. Сказуемое, состоящее из одного глагола, можно найти в предложении по окончаниям: 1. «- s», «- es» /настоящее время/ produces – производит 2. «- ed»/прошедшее время/ produced– производил Помните, что все глаголы даны в словаре в неопределённой форме. Чтобы найти глагол в словаре, следует отбросить окончания «- s», «- es», «- ed», а если перед окончанием имеется буква « i», её следует заменить на « y». classified-classify.

РАЗДЕЛ III

BUSINESSMAN’S DAY

Mr John Turner is 30. He is married and he has got his own family. He has a wife, a daughter and a son. His wife is an economist. Her name is Jane. The names of their children are Kate and Peter. They live in a small house in Greenwood. Greenwood is a small place not far from London.

John works in London. He is the manager of a big trade firm. His firm sells the goods to various countries. In the morning he always goes to his office in London on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. He doesn`t go to his office on Saturday and Sunday. These are his days-off.

John frequently meets the representatives of English and French firms. They discuss the prices, terms of payment and delivery. He begins his working day at 9. Every morning John first looks through fresh newspapers. He takes much interest in the latest political and business news. Sometimes John goes to different cities to discuss business with their customers. He is a very busy man. He always has a lot of work. He looks through mail, reads telegrams and letters, speaks on the phone with the customers. He also makes appointments with his business partners.

At twelve he has lunch. After lunch he sometimes stays in the office and discusses business matters with director or customers. He finishes his working day at 6 o`clock in the evening. He usually comes home at 7.

Linda Foster is a secretary to Mr John Turner. Her office is not large. She has got a computer, a fax and a telephone on her desk. Linda comes to her office at nine every morning from Monday to Friday. At the beginning of her working day Linda usually looks though the mail. She receives both snail-mail and e-mail. At 11 o`clock she comes into her manager`s office with the letters and telegrams. The manager reads them and gives answers to the letters. Linda writes everything in her book and goes to her office. There she types the answers on her computer. She also receives and sends e-mail correspondence.

In the afternoon Linda usually has lunch at the office but sometimes she has lunch at the café with her friend Alex. She stays in the office till 6. In the evening Linda has her French lessons. She learns French for two years already. Linda wants to know French well because she wants to work with French firms and customers.

Vocabulary

own - собственный
trade firm - торговая фирма
frequently - часто
customer - клиент, заказчик
representatives - представители
prices - цены
terms of payment - условия платежа
delivery - доставка
look through - просматривать
discuss business - обсуждать деловые вопросы
business matters - дела, деловые вопросы
take interest in - интересоваться
speak on the phone - говорить по телефону
make appointment - назначать встречу
business partners - деловые партнеры
inspector - приемщик
mail - почта
snail - mail - обычная почта (snail - улитка)

Упр . 2. Ответьте на вопросы :

Is John Turner married?
How old is he?
Has he got his own family?
What is his wife’s profession?
What are the names of their children?
Where do they live?
What is John Turner’s profession?
What does his firm sell?
What are John Turner’s working days?
What are John Turner’s days-off?
What does he do during his working day?
What is Linda Foster?
What does she do during her working day?
What does she learn French for?

Упр. 3. Переведите на английский язык:

Олег Зимин - менеджер. Он работает в торговой фирме. Его фирма продает товары в различные страны. Зимин часто встречается с представителями английских и французских фирм. Они обсуждают цены, условия платежа и поставки. Зимин начинает свой рабочий день в 9 часов утра. У него всегда много работы: он просматривает почту, читает телеграммы и письма, говорит по телефону с заказчиками. В одиннадцать у него обед. После обеда он остается в офисе и обсуждает деловые вопросы с инженерами или директором. Зимин заканчивает свой рабочий день в 6 часов. Он обычно приходит домой в 7.

Упр . 7. Составьте резюме .

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Date of birth:
Age:
Place of birth:
Marital status;

Children, their ages
Address:
Phone:
Home phone:
Fax, E-mail:

Objective

A position as … (an accountant, a bookkeeper, a manager, finance manager, etc.)

Education

200x – 20xx –

19xx – 19xx -

Work Experience

20xx – present	Name of Company, Position. Describe your current or most recent responsibilities.
19xx-19xx	Name of Company, Position.

Knowledge

Languages

· English – reading with a dictionary

· Fluent English

· Now I am taking a course in French.

Computer & Technical Skills

· Good computer skills.

· IT-literate; working knowledge of Microsoft Office package

· Fast typing – 80 words a minute

Licenses & Certificates

· List licenses or certificates you hold that are pertinent (уместный) to the job you are seeking.

· Include the year you obtained (получили)each license or certificate.

Interests & Activities

· Sports

· Music

References

· Available upon request

Unit 2. HIGHER EDUCATION

Упр . 1. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы .

Higher Education in Britain

In Britain higher education is got mainly at universities and colleges of higher education. They accept students with “A” levels from 18. Students study for a degree which takes on average 3 years of fulltime study. Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are conferred their degree at a special graduation ceremony.

The oldest universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge dating from the 12^th and 13^th centuries. The largest is the University of London (London University) which was founded in 1836. About 80 000 (eighty thousand) students study at London University.

Admission to the university is by exams and selection. Women are admitted on equal terms with men, but the general proportion of men to women students is three to one, At Oxford it is six to one, and at Cambridge ten to one.

A college is sometimes a part of a university. For instance (например), the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London are composed of groups of largely autonomous colleges. A college may be quite independent. There is a great number of different colleges – technical, commercial, colleges of art, science, medicine, etc.

After passing his\her examinations a university graduate will leave with the degree of Bachelor of Arts (BA), Science (BS), Medicine (BM), Music (BMus), Laws (LLB), etc.

Vocabulary

1. accept – принимать

2. degree – степень

3. on average – в среднем

4. fulltime study – очная форма обучения

5. to graduate (from) – окончить высшее учебное заведение

а graduate – выпускник

6. confer – присуждать, присваивать (степень)

7. graduation ceremony – торжественная церемония по поводу окончания вуза

8. date from – существовать (с какого-то времени)

9. found (was founded) – основать (был основан)

10. admission – прием

11. on equal terms – на равных правах, условиях

12. be composed (of) – состоять (из)

13. bachelor – бакалавр

Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр гуманитарных наук

Bachelor of Science – бакалавр естественных наук

Bachelor of Laws – бакалавр права

Questions

1. Are “A” level exams needed to enter a university or a college of higher education in Britain?

2. Do the applicants (абитуриенты) have to pass exams to be admitted to the universities?

3. Are women admitted on equal terms with men?

4. What are the oldest universities in Britain?

5. What is the largest university?

6. When was it founded?

7. What can you say about the composition (состав) of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London?

8. What degree is conferred (присваивается) on a university graduate?

Упр. 2. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему.

Oxford University

Oxford University was founded in the 12^th century as an aristocratic university and has remained so to the present day. The University consists of 32 colleges – 27 colleges for men and 5 colleges for women. There are 16 faculties there. Each college is a completely autonomous body, governed by its own laws. A large college has about 500 students, a small one – about a hundred.

The term of studies lasts for 10 weeks. There are three terms in the Oxford academic year.

Within the first week the freshman meets his tutor who tells the student about his plans, the lectures which he must take, about the requirements for the examination which he will take, about the course of reading for him. Attendance at lectures is not compulsory. Once every week each undergraduate goes to his tutor to read out an essay which he has written and discuss this essay with the tutor.

At the beginning or end of each term the progress of the students is tested by the college examinations.

They pay great attention to athletics at the University. The students are engaged in different kinds of sports, take part in competitions between Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

This is how a student spends his day. His working hours are from 9 a.m. to 1p.m. At 9 o`clock he sees his tutor or goes to the library, or attends lectures. From 2p.m. to 5p.m. he is engaged in sports. From 5p.m. to 7p.m. he works in the library or laboratory. At 7 o`clock they have dinner-time. After dinner the students have club activities.

By 10 o`clock the students must be in the college, as most of the students live in the college, only some of them live in lodgings in the town.

The doors of Oxford University are not open to all. The majority of the students are graduates of private schools, so Oxford University remains an aristocratic university to the present day.

Vocabulary

1. college – высшее учебное заведение, в котором учатся 3 года и получают специальное образование (техническое, гуманитарное, медицинское и др.) Колледж может существовать как самостоятельная единица, а также может входить в состав университета.

2. university – вуз, состоящий из колледжей различных специальностей (срок обучения 3 года). Выпускник получает степень бакалавра.

3. remain – оставаться

4. consist (of) – состоять(из)

5. autonomous body – самостоятельное заведение (орган)

6. govern – управлять

7. term of studies – курс обучения

term – семестр

8. within – в течение

9. freshman – первокурсник undergraduate – студент, учащийся вуза (университета или университетского колледжа)

10. tutor – в английских университетах – это преподаватель, ведущий практические занятия; он следит за учебой и дисциплиной студентов

11. requirements – требования

12. attendance at lectures is not compulsory – посещение лекций необязательно

13. essay – эссе, сочинение

14. the progress is tested – успехи проверяются

15. pay attention to – уделять внимание

16. be engaged in – быть занятым чем-либо

17. take pert (in) – принимать участие (в)

18. take club activities – участвовать в работе кружка

19. live in lodgings – снимать комнату

20. majority of – большинство

Выберите правильный вариант и прочтите предложение:

1. Oxford University was founded (in the 11^th century; in the 12^th century).

2. The University consists of (32; 27) colleges.

3. The Oxford academic year consists of (3; 2) terms.

4. The tutor tells the freshman about (the requirements for the examinations which he will take; the undergraduates of the University).

5. (Once a term; twice a term) the undergraduates take examinations.

6. Attendance at lectures is (compulsory; not compulsory).

7. (At the end of the term; once every week) each student reads out his essay to his tutor and discusses it with him.

8. During the working day from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. a student (meets his tutor, works in the library or in the laboratory; has club activities, debating societies).

9. The majority of the students of Oxford University are (children of the working people; children of the wealthy).

Упр. 3. Прочитайте текст и подготовьте сообщение об учебе в Московском финансово-юридическом университете.

Vocabulary

1. non-state – негосударственный

2. accredited – аккредитованный

3. higher education establishment – учреждение высшего образования

4. branch – филиал

5. representation – представительство

6. be enrolled – числиться в списках студентов

7. both… and … - как … так и …

8. admission – прием

9. Federal Certificate Exams (FCE) – ЕГЭ

10. admission test – вступительные испытания

11. department – отделение

12. day (full-time) department – дневное отделение

13. correspondence courses – заочное отделение

14. gymnasium (gym) – спортивный зал

15. training – обучение (подготовка)

16. reasonable – доступный, приемлемый

17. pay attention to – уделять внимание

18. to hold (held) – проводить

19. contest – конкурс

20. charity actions – благотворительные акции

21. quick-wits club – КВН

22. solid background – качественное образование

23. opportunity – возможность

24. promising – перспективный

25. well-paid job – хорошо оплачиваемая работа

Упр. 4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. When was your University founded?

2. How many branches are there at the University?

3. How many students are enrolled?

4. What is its address?

5. How are students admitted to the University?

6. How many faculties are there at the University?

7. What is the term of studies?

8. How many terms are there in the academic year?

9. What subjects do the students learn?

10. How is the progress of the students tested?

11. What are the facilities (материальная база) of the University?

12. What opportunities does the University give to its graduates?

Unit 3. BUISNESS MATTERS

Ex. 1. Read the text and answer the questions.

What is Business?

Business is not an easy thing. It’s rather a difficult kind of human activity. It has many important elements such as money, taxes, customers, transport, banks and others. There are two general types of business: small business and big business.

Why do people do business? Why do they like small business? People do business by producing goods or providing services. They bay and sell goods. They do business for a profit. If you ask me “What business is good?” , my answer will be: “All business are good”.

Production of goods is very profitable; provision of different services is profitable too. Communications are a good business too, for example, telephone, telegraph and mail services. Financial services, for example, banking and insurance work very well, too.

So, people do different types of business for a profit. Doing business has become very popular everywhere. For example, the whole families in America run small business now. At present it is very popular to be a businessman or a businesswoman. It should be noted that women, like man, successfully run a firm or a company, they prove to be good bank managers or shop keepers.

Briefly speaking, doing business is a comparatively new and perspective tendency in modern life.

There are three main types of business: a sole trader (you alone have responsibility for the business and you take all profits after paying income tax on them); a partnership (a group of between 2 or twenty people trade, as one firm, and share responsibility for debts, decision-making and the profits); a limited company (a company formed by two or more shareholders who put money into the business in return for a share of the profits).

Vocabulary

to do business – заниматься бизнесом
to run business – руководить, управлять предприятием
to produce goods – производить товары
production of goods – производство товаров
by producing goods – производя товары (путем производства товаров )
to provide services – предлагать услуги
by providing services – предоставляя услуги (путем обеспечения услугами )
a profit – прибыль
insurance – страховка
shop keeper- зав.магазина
comparatively – сравнительно
perspective – перспективный
human activity – деятельность человека
customers – покупатель
communications – средства связи
like men – подобно мужчинам
a sole trader – единоличный предприниматель
responsibility for - ответственность за…
income tax – подоходный налог
partnership – партнерство
to trade – торговать
to share – разделять; share – акция; shareholder – акционер
debt – долг
to make decision -принимать решение; decision-making – принятие решение
limited company – компания с ограниченной ответственностью
to put money into – вкладывать деньги в …

successfully – успешно

they prove to be good managers – они оказываются хорошими управляющими

in return for - в обмен на

Answer the questions:

1. Is business an easy or a difficult king or human activity?

2. What types of business do you know?

3. Why do people like small business?

4. For what purpose do people do business?

5. In what two forms do people do business?

6. What business do you think is good?

7. What main services do you know?

8. Are production of goods and provision of services profitable?

9. Has doing business become very popular everywhere nowadays?

10. Do women, like men, successfully run a firm or a company?

11. Do women prove to good bank managers or shop keepers?

12. Is doing business a new and perspective tendency in modern life?

13. Do you prefer to work as a sole trader, a partnership or a limited company?

Ex. 2. Read the dialogue and act it out.

Partnership

(Two friends, Martin and Barbara, are having lunch together in a restaurant)

Martin: Well, it’s been a long time, Barbara. What have you been doing?

Barbara: I’ve been pretty busy. You know, I went into business with my friend, Jean.

Martin: Oh, yes. How is it going?

Barbara: Pretty well. We get along quite well and the shop is beginning to attract more customers.

Martin: Good. Are you two a partnership?

Barbara: Yes. I’m very pleased about it. We seem to have the right combination. Jean’s background is in accounting. She’s the one who/s good at keeping the books and ordering stock.

Martin: And you?

Barbara: Well, you know, I’ve always liked talking a lot. I guess I’m rather good with customers. I enjoy selling.

Martin: Sounds interesting. I guess it’s not too risky a business.

Barbara: We haven’t had any problems, although I suppose all business can be risky. Being partners, we’re both liable.

Martin: Did you both put the same amount of money into the business? Or do you mind my asking?

Barbara: To tell you the truth we didn’t invest the same amount of capital. But we’ve combined our resources very well, I think. It seems to be a good deal for both of us.

Martin: It sounds like it. That is one advantage of a general partnership. One partner can invest less capital than the other-in fact, no money at all-but a partner can contribute important services or skills, sometimes just a name or reputation.

Barbara: Exactly.

Martin: What kind of arrangement do you have for distribution of profits and losses?

Barbara: They’re equally shared. We hope to be in business for a long time.

Martin: Good for you. You’ve really become very knowledgeable about business.

Barbara: Believe me, I’m still learning. The subject becomes quite technical.

Martin: But I’m glad to hear you’re doing so well. Next time you’ll take me to lunch.

Vocabulary

1. partnership - партнерство

2. to get along well - ладить

3. to be pleased - быть довольным чем-то

4. to keep the books - вести бухгалтерский учет

5. to enjoy doing smth - получать удовольствие

6. background – подготовка, образование

7. stock - ассортимент товаров

8. be liable - нести ответственность

9. advantage - преимущество

10. skills - умения

11. distribution - распределение

12. the are equally shared - они делятся поровну

Ex. 3. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

Setting up a Small Business

Not long ago I decided to set up a small business. As I had no experience in business activities it was difficult for me to choose an appropriate business. So I went to the lawyer’s for consultation.

After clarifying all the details of my project and my financial possibilities he recommended me to set up a small business in field of services. According to the lawyer anyone who wants to set up a small business is to make sure that he/she is choosing one which will work and yield big profit. This requires a thorough investigation into the customers needs. So, the first step I had to take was to study my future customers’ needs and wants.

I knew there were many car owners in my neighborhood. Why not of open a car service station? - said I to myself, and god down to business. One of the difficulties I was faced with (I encountered) was lack of money, and I had to borrow it from the bank. The next day I made a loan of 2 mln pounds, and was on the seventh heaven because now I could put my project into practice.

Now, at the prime of my business life I still remember me lawyer’s words: when choosing a business weigh all pros and cons and ask yourself the questions: what kind of customers am I going to serve upon? How many potential customers are there in my district? How shall I attract customers? What products or services shall I offer?

Vocabulary

1. to set up a small business – открыть малое предприятие

2. appropriate – надлежащий

3. lawyer – юрист, адвокат

4. to make sure – удостовериться;

5. to yield profits – приносить прибыль

6. thorough investigation into – тщательное изучение

7. to attract – привлекать

8. to be faced with (to encounter) – столкнуться с

9. loan - заём

10. to borrow – взять взаймы

11. in the prime of – в расцвете

12. to weigh all pros and cons – взвесить все «за» и «против»

13. district – район (города)

14. to choose – выбирать

Answer these questions:

1. What did you decide to do not long ago?

2. Where you experienced in business activities?

3. Whom did you decide to consult?

4. What did the lawyer recommend you to do?

5. What is it necessary for a would-be businessman to keep in mind /помнить, иметь ввиду/?

6. What difficulties did you encounter when starting your business?

7. Why were you “on the seventh heaven” when you solved your money problem?

8. What words of your lawyer do you still remember?

Ex. 4. Read and retell the text.

How I Started my Business

not long ago

to make up one’s mind

to set up a small business

to be frank with you

to have no experience in

to consult the lawyer

to advise

to choose a business

in the field of

production of goods

provision of services

to weigh all pros and cons

to have to solve many problems

what customers to serve

how many customers to serve

how to attract them

to manage

to find a successful solution of

to be satisfied with

to make progress

how my business in prospering

to make big profits

Individual Proprietorship

(Sole Trader or Sole Proprietor)

This is the simplest way of starting a business. You are self-employed and fully responsible for all the aspects of the management of your business.

In this form of organization the owner is in sole charge of the business and is responsible for its success or failure. Any line of business is open to the owner.

Although this form of small business has its advantages, it has certain drawbacks. In the first place the single owner is seldom able to invest as much capital as can be secured by a partnership or a corporation. If single owners are able to invest large amounts of capital, they run great risk of losing it all because they are personally liable for all the debts or their businesses. This is called unlimited liability.

Partnership

Two or more people starting a business together can set up a partnership. All partners are responsible for the debts of the partnership and profits and losses are shared between them.

The agreement to form an association of this nature is called a partnership contract and may include general policies, distribution of profits, fiscal responsibilities, and a special length of time during which the partnership is in effect.

Corporation

As business became more competitive, new and more complex corporate combinations appear. Single ownerships and the partnerships have finance weaknesses and that is the reason why the corporation came into existence.

A corporation is a business organization authorized by the state to conduct business and is a separate legal entity from its owners. It is the dominant form of American business because it makes it possible to gather large amounts of capital together.

Before a corporation may do business, it must apply for and receive a charter from the state. The state must approve the articles of incorporation, which describe the basic purpose and structure of the proposed corporation.

The stockholders usually meet once a year to elect directors and to carry on other important business. Each share of stock entitles its owner to one vote. A stock holder who cannot attend the meeting can legally authorize another to vote his or her shares by proxy.

Management of a corporation consists of the board of directors who decide corporate policy, and the officers, who carry on the daily operations. The board is elected by the stockholders, and the officers are appointed by the board.

Vocabulary

1. distribution – распределение

2. for the benefit of – на благо (ради)

3. entrepreneur – владелец предприятия, предприниматель

4. direct – руководить

5. gain – получать

6. proprietorship – предпринимательство

7. sole proprietor – единоличный владелец

8. self-employed – обслуживающий собственное предприятие, работающий не по найму

9. be responsible for – отвечать за

10. be in charge of – возглавлять (отвечать за)

11. failure – провал

11. advantages – преимущества

12. disadvantages - недостатки

13. drawbacks – недостатки, упущения

14. run risk – подвергаться риску

15. lose – терять

16. be liable for – нести ответственность

17. debts – долги

18. set up – создавать

19. losses – убытки

20. share – делить, разделять

21. agreement – соглашение

22. fiscal – финансовый

23. be in effect – действовать, работать

24. public – государственный

25. private – частный

26. raise – собирать

27. stock exchange – фондовая биржа

28. exist – существовать

29. despite – несмотря на

30. assets – активы, капитал

31. sue (be sued) – предъявлять иск (выступать в качестве ответчика)

32. bear (bore, borne) – выносить, терпеть

33. carry out – выполнять

34. board of directors – совет директоров

35. retailing – розничная торговля

36. appoint – назначать

37. contribute – вкладывать

38. associated company – дочерняя компания; подконтрольная компания

39. influence – влияние

40. is referred to as – называется

41. parent company – компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций

42. subsidiary company – дочерняя компания; филиал

43. entity - организация, предприятие

44. charter - документ, содержащий согласие государственного органа на создание корпорации

45. by proxy - по доверенности

Task 1. Find the equivalents.

entrepreneur
proprietorship
sole trader
retailing
associated company
parent company
subsidiary company
entity
assets
debts
losses

A - убытки B – розничная торговля C - предприятие D - предприниматель E – компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций F - предпринимательство G - активы H – единоличный владелец I - филиал J - долги K – дочерняя компания

Task 2. Complete the sentences.

individual proprietorship is …
partnership can …
public company can …
private company can ..
corporation is …

a- be formed with a minimum of two shareholders b- the simplest way of beginning business c- sell shares through a stock exchange d- be set up by two or more people e- a business organization authorized by the state to conduct business

Task 3. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words.

manager top manager employee state employee

… is responsible for everything.
… works for the state.
… is a person who manages people.
… is a person who works for someone else.

Task 4. Answer the questions.

What is business?
What are the forms of business organization?
What is individual proprietorship (sole trader)?
What are the advantages and drawbacks of small business?
What is a partnership?
What is a company formed for?
What are the main differences between public and private companies?
What are the other types of companies?
What is a corporation?
What are the main types of companies in the UK and USA?

Ex. 6. Read and translate two texts about the main forms of businesses in the UK and the USA. Compare them with organization of businesses in Russia.

Board of Directors

Board of Directors performs three main functions: appoints the administration, considers general policy questions, makes corporate decisions and exercises control over the activities of the administration. It also sees to it that the enterprise (business) can yield profits that shareholders can get high income on their stocks, and it must also analyze its own activities.

Assembly of Shareholders

The highest managerial organ of a Stock Company is the Assembly of shareholders which elects the Board of Directors, and the latter elect their supreme governor.

РАЗДЕЛ IV

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ

Контрольная работа №1

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

A Typical President

The American Institute of Management published some interesting material about life stories of presidents of some large corporations. They collected this material as answers to their questionnaires. They included some questions about the age, education, profession, family background, family life, hobbies and habits into the questionnaires.

Below is the questionnaire with the answers to it.

Your name and surname …………………. Jim Armstrong

Your age …………………………………. I am 40. I was born in 1982.

Your education …………………………… I am a college graduate.

Your profession (occupation) ……………. I am an engineer.

When did you marry? …………………….. I married at 35.

Whom did you marry? ……………………. I married the daughter of our president.

What was your father? ……………………. He was vice president of our company.

What is your hobby? ……………………… I play football, golf and bridge.

Do you smoke, drink? …………………….. I don’t smoke, but I drink a little in the

…………………………………………….. interests of my business.

The answers were analyzed, computerized, and published in the following form: “The typical president spends his business life with one company, or in a single industry. He has a college degree, he becomes president before 45, and he marries later than most men. He usually begins work as an engineer, he is the son or the son-in-law of the president; he likes sports and has no bad habits.

Words

1. life story – биография

2. questionnaire - анкета

3. family background – социальное происхождение

4. family life – сведения о семье

5. be born – родиться (When were you born? Where were you born?)

6. surname (last name) - фамилия

7. to graduate from… – окончить (вуз)

8. a graduate - выпускник

9. to marry – жениться, выйти замуж; married – женат; замужем

10. to computerize – обрабатывать на компьютере

11. degree – степень, диплом; to have a college degree – иметь диплом об окончании вуза

12. single – холост; не замужем

13. son-in-law – зять; mother-in-law – теща,свекровь; father-in-law – тесть, свекор

14. habit - привычка

15. employee – служащий; работник

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What institute published some statistical material?

2. On what basis did they collect the material?

3. What points did the questionnaire include?

4. What is the name and surname of the person who filled in the questionnaire?

5. What is his age?

6. When was he born?

7. What is his education?

8. What is he by profession?

9. At what age did he marry?

10. Whom did he marry?

11. What was his father?

12. What is Jim’s hobby?

13. Does he smoke and drink?

14. What is typical for the president of a business company?

Задание 3. Дайте английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний.

- биография

- опубликовать статистический материал

- стать президентом компании

- собрать информацию

- иметь высшее образование

- в возрасте 35 лет

- я родился в 1987 году

- играть в гольф

- анализировать и обрабатывать всю информацию на компьютере

- иметь вузовский диплом

- быть выпускником колледжа

- Американский институт управления

- иметь плохие привычки

- жениться

- холост

- анкета

Задание 4. Вставьте необходимую форму глагола to be: am\ am not, is\ isn’ t, are\ aren’ t.

1. I … from Russia.

2. Debbie and Mark … British. They … German.

3. My friend … interested in computers.

4. His parents … around 40.

5. Ann … at home. Her children … at school.

6. How old … you? I … 18.

7. London … situated on the River Evans. It … situated on the River Thames.

8. Our students … from different places.

9. I … keen on sports. But I … rather good at basketball.

10. Her name … Jane. It … Helen.

11. I … married yet. I … single.

Note:

be interested in - интересоваться чем-либо

be keen on – увлекаться чем-либо

be good at – уметь делать что-либо хорошо

Задание 5. Вставьте необходимую форму глагола to have.

1. We ………………. English lessons twice a week.

2. I ………………….. no time to help you yesterday.

3. They …………………… a conference tomorrow.

4. Will he …………… any lectures tomorrow?

5. My sister ……………….. a good time in Greece last summer.

6. When ………… you ………….. your holiday?

7. She ………………. many friends abroad.

8. Where ………… you …………… a rest last summer?

Контрольная работа №2

Задание 1. Подберите английские эквиваленты для слов и словосочетаний, данных в левой колонке.

1. term

tutor
correspondence courses
enter
requirements
graduate from
term of studies
degree
freshman
subjects

A – степень B – курс обучения C - семестр D - предметы E – заочное отделение F – окончить (вуз) G - первокурсник H - преподаватель I - поступать J - требования

Задание 2.Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя подстановочную таблицу.

There is There are

a library two terms two computer classrooms all conditions for getting good education fulltime and correspondence courses a good gym a café

at our university. in the academic year.

В нашем университете есть все условия для получения хорошего образования.
В нашем университете есть два компьютерных класса.
В нашем университете есть библиотека.
В нашем университете есть дневная и заочная форма обучения.
В учебном году два семестра.
В нашем университете есть хороший спортзал.
В нашем университете есть кафе.

Задание 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы .

Higher Education in the USA

Nearly half of all Americans go to a collage (a place of higher education) when they leave school. Some colleges are small, with only a few hundred students, but some of the big State Universities are huge, with up to 60 000 students. There are more than 2 600 universities in the USA, and nearly all colleges have both men and women students.

If Americans want to go to a college or university they often take college admission tests. Usually there are no admission examinations. Private colleges and universities, especially such large and well-known ones as Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, have examinations.

You can study many interesting subjects at college in short or long courses, but if you want to get a degree, you have to study for at least four years. Classes start in September and go on till early June with a break in the middle.

Questions

1. Where do Americans go when they finish school?

2. How many universities are there in the USA?

3. Do Americans take admission exams or tests if they go to a college or university?

4. What is the term of studies if you want to get a degree?

5. How long does the academic year last?

Контрольная работа №3

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, затем письменно переведите его на русский язык. В процессе перевода составьте рабочий словарь .

Corporation Management

Some specific duties of the board of directors are to declare dividends, authorize contracts, decide on executive salaries, and arrange major loans with banks. Management’s main means of reporting the corporations’ financial position and results of operations is its annual report.

The corporation form of business has several advantages over the sole proprietorship and partnership. It is a separate legal entity and offers limited liability to the owners, ease of capital generation and ease of transfer of ownership. In addition, it allows centralized authority, responsibility and professional management.

The corporation form of business also has several disadvantages. It is subject to greater government regulation and double taxation. In addition, separation of ownership and control may allow management to make harmful decisions.

Notes:

means - способ, средство
entity - организация, предприятие

Задание 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

1. утверждать

2. займы

3. годовой отчет

4. юридическая организация

5. ограниченная ответственность

6. подчиняется

7. единоличный владелец

8. передача собственности

9. принять решение

10. кроме того (помимо чего-либо)

11. органы государственной власти

Задание 2. Закончите предложения согласно содержанию текста.

The main duties of the board of directors are …
The corporation form of business has …
The corporation form of business is …
The corporation form of business is …

a separate legal entity.
some advantages and disadvantages.
subject to a double taxation.
to declare dividends, authorize contracts, arrange loans with banks, etc.

Задание 3. Укажите, соответствуют ли данные утверждения содержанию текста

(true / false).

1. Some specific duties of the board of directors are to produce goods and services.

2. Annual report is one of the means of reporting the corporation`s financial position.

3. The corporation form of business offers limited liability to the owners.

4. There are no disadvantages in corporation form of business.

5. Separation of control may allow management to make harmful decisions.

Задание 4. Составьте резюме текста .

This text is devoted to…

The text describes (lists) …

The main idea of the text is …

I found this text …

Контрольная работа №4

Л.Э. Ивкова

И.Ф. Кардаш

«Английский язык»

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ СЛУШАТЕЛЕЙ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

ФАКУЛЬТЕТА «ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ»

ВСЕХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

(полная и сокращённая формы обучения)

Направления подготовки

080100.62 Экономика 080200.62 - Менеджмент

Калининград

2012

Английский язык: Сборник текстов и заданий для слушателей заочной формы обучения факультета «Экономика и управление» всех специальностей: Программа / Авт.- сост. Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф. – г. Калининград: МФЮА, 2012. – 41с.


Рассмотрен и одобрен Кафедрой общих гуманитарных и естественно-научных дисциплин Калининградского филиала МФЮА, протокол от «_08__» _ноября__ 2012 г. № _3_






Авторы: Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф.









	© Ивкова Л.Э., Кардаш И.Ф., 2012 © Кафедра общих гуманитарных и естественно-научных дисциплин, 2012 © Калининградский филиал МФЮА, 2012

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

Работа со словарем

Работа с текстом

Ознакомительное чтение текста - чтение с охватом основного содержания складывается из умений:

1) догадываться о значении незнакомых слов на основе словообразовательных признаков и контекста;

2) видеть интернациональные слова и устанавливать их значение;

3) игнорировать незнакомые слова, не являющиеся важными для понимания основного содержания текста;

5) находить знакомые грамматические формы и конструкции и устанавливать их эквиваленты в русском языке;

6) применять знания по специальным предметам в качестве основы смысловой и языковой догадки и др.

Важнейшим условием формирования указанных умений является усердная практика.

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