EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION

Communication has improved and evolved to facilitate our daily activities. In the 21st century, everything related to communication utilizes technology to ‘send out’ or disseminate information to a wider audience. Information can be ‘sent out’ in many ways. The inventions of cellular phones, television and other electronic devices are important in enhancing communication.

WHAT IS ICT?

ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

INFORMATION

Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.

 

 

The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio.

 

We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas.

 

Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the stock exchange market.

COMMUNICATION

 

 

Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions. Previously, people communicated through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these ‘older’ forms of communication are less utilised as compared to the use of the Internet, e-mail or video conferencing.

 

 

Communication is important in order to gain knowledge. With knowledge, we are more confident in expressing our thoughts and ideas.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs. Technology is vital in communication.

 

Aiding Communication

Telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending communication.

 

Spreading Information

To broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively. Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used.

 

TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE

 

Technology	Year
	In 3500 BC, the Sumerians developed cuneiform writing.
	In 1500 BC, the Phoenicians developed the alphabet
	In 105 BC, Tsai Lun of China invented paper.
	In 1454, the first printing began with the creation of a printing machine.
	In 1793, the telegraph line was invented.
	In 1876, the first telephone was introduced.
	In 1925, television was made known to public.
	In 1941, the computer was created.
	In 1958, the photocopier machine was introduced.
	In 1963, the communication satellite was  introduced.
	In 1969, the first Internet known as ARPANET was introduced.

 

LESSON 2

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS

In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines.

 

Year
200 BC	CHINESE ABACUS
500 BC	EGYPTIAN ABACUS
1620	JOHN NAPIER	NAPIER'S BONES
1653	BLAISE PASCAL	PASCALINE
1673	GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ	LEIBNIZ'S RECHNER
1801	JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD	WEAVING LOOM
1823	CHARLES BABBAGE	MECHANICAL CALCULATOR MACHINE
1941	HARVARD UNIVERSITY	MARK 1

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

 

FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956)

 

The first generation of computer were huge, slow, expensive and often unreliable. In 1946, two Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian Mauchly build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). It use vacuum tube instead of mechanical switches of the MARK 1.

 

 

 

 

 

UNIVAC – UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly build the UNIVAC, which could calculate at the rate of 10,000 addition per seconds.

 

Hardware Technology

New invention of hardware were needed with the new computer technology.

 

Technology	Details
VACUUM TUBE	The vacuum tube was an extremely important step of the advancement of computers.In a computer, a vacuum tube which is an electronic tube about the size of light bulbs, was used as the internal computer components. Thousands of them were used.
PUNCHED CARD	Punched card was used to store data.
MAGNETIC TAPE	Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957. It was a faster and a more compact method of storing data. Using magnetic tape became more reliable and cost-effective.

 

Problems

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