| №
| Term
| Definition
| Usage
|
| 1
| Add (v)
| join or put sth in(to) sth else so as to increase the size, number, or amount
| ~ a(n) function/program/text/image;
~ on program/weight;
addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);
added (adj); additional (adj);
syn. augment
ant. subtract, deduct
|
| 2
| Application (n)
| a formal request to an authority; a set of one or more programs designed to carry out operations for a specific purpose which are unable to run on their own and depend on the system software to execute
| documentation/graphics/presentation /spreadsheet and statistical/data management/file management/ information and reference software/ education and training/entertainment /accounting and finance/business ̴ ;
~ of force; develop/set up/uninstall /update an ~; apply (v): ~ for a job/post/position; applied (adj): ~ science/mathematics; (non)applicable (adj); applicational (adj)
|
| 3
| BIOS (abbr)
Basic Input/Output System
| the program code and data stored in the permanent memory and used for booting process
| ~ setup;
embedded/flash ~;
display the ~ information
|
| 4
| Boot (v)
| kick sth hard in a specified direction; turn on a computer and get into the operating system
| ~ a(n) accelerator/application/band/computer/code/disc/drive/menu/sector/virus; booting (n): the ~ drive/environment /procedure/ process/sequence/stage;
bootable (adj): a ~ CD/drive/diskette; reboot (v);
syn. reset, (re)start
|
| 5
| Catalogue (n)
| an itemized list of titles, course offerings, or articles for exhibition or sale, including descriptive information or illustrations; a publication containing such a list
| a ~ code/of samples/name; enter in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~ business/buyers/by authors;
cataloguing (n): ~ problem; catalogued (adj), cataloguer (n);
syn. archive, directory
|
| 6
| Cluster (n)
| a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of connected computers; the smallest managed section of a hard drive that holds a file
| cluster (adj): ~ address/administrator/ administration/allocation/acceleration/bomb; form/organize ~(s);
clustered (adj): ~ access/database/index;
syn. array, bunch
|
| 7
| Compatible (adj)
| able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict; matching the previous versions of software, operating systems or hardware devices
| backward/downward~;
~ application/browser/circuit/blood;
syn. adaptable, appropriate, consistent; (in)compatibility (n);
ant. incompatible
|
| 8
| Context (n)
| the circumstances that form a setting for an event, statement, or idea, in terms of which it can be fully understood
| consider/examine/look at/see/ understand/view sth in the ~ of; general/larger/overall/wider/ educational/regional/historical/cultural ~; define/describe the ~;
contextual (adj): ~ analysis/approach;
context (adj): ~ switch/menu/area/ analysis/activation;
syn. background, setting
ant. foreground
|
| 9
| Desktop (adj)
| (of office appliances, such as photocopiers and printers) which can be fitted on top of a desk
| ~ publishing/computer/apparatus/ computer/access/application/analysis/
environment/accessories/
configuration;
ant. portable/wearable (computer)
|
| 10
| Design (v)
| decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), by making its detailed drawing
| ~ a book/building/curriculum;
redesign (v); design (n): ~ approval/ arrangement/automation; designer (n): ~ fashion/clothes /label/aids;
syn. architecture, layout
|
| 11
| Driver (n)
| a person who drives a vehicle; a program that controls the operation of a device such as a printer or a scanner
| a(n) device/hardware/software/ upgrade /test ~; (un)install/update a ~;
drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~ innovation; driverless (adj); driving (adj, n): the main/principal ~ force of/behind sth; ~ license, reckless ~
|
| 12
| Embed (v)
| fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; incorporate sth (a text, a code, a picture) within the body of a file or document
| ~ a(n) channel/file/chip/structure/ function/system/operation/ technology/software in(to) sth; embedding (n), embeddable (adj), embedded (adj): ~ OS;
syn. enclose, insert, incorporate
|
| 13
| Emulate (v)
| match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation; reproduce the function or action of a different computer, software system, etc.
| ~ a sound/action/design/environment/ one’s father/sb’s hairstyle/sb’s success; emulation (n), emulator (n),
emulative (adj);
syn. imitate, copy, follow sb’s suit
|
| 14
| Encapsulate (v)
| enclose sth in or as if in a capsule; provide an interface for a piece of software or hardware to allow or simplify access for the user
| ~ a layer/information/program/code;
encapsulation (n),
encapsulated (adj)
|
| 15
| Function (n)
| an activity that is natural to or the purpose of sb/sth; a basic task of a computer, especially one that corresponds to a single instruction from the user
| built-in/system/value/virtual/ annual/social ~; fulfill/perform/attend a ~; ~ procedure/editor/reference/ template; function (v): ~ as a robot/ normally; (non/dis)functional (adj), functionally (adv), functionality (n);
syn. feature, activity, operation
|
| 16
| Icon (n)
| sb or sth regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration; a symbol or graphic representation on a screen of a program, option, or window
| pop/rock/fashion ~; ~ bar/control/ editor/-based/-driven;
program/document ~; create/change an ~; iconic (adj): ~ structure/path/interface /model;
syn. picture, symbol
|
| 17
| Implement (v)
| put a decision, plan, agreement, etc. into effect
| ~ a(n) scenario/action/plan/ agreement; implementation (n): program ~; ~ chart/file/defect/error/ pattern; implement (n): garden ~ (s); implementer(or) (n); implementable (adj); implementability (n);
syn. achieve, carry out
|
| 18
| Install (v)
| place or fix equipment or machinery in position ready for use; copy all of the necessary files to run a software program on a computer
| ~ (a) software/driver/process; installer (n); installing (n); installed (adj): ~ equipment/capacity/base;
installation (n): ~ aids/company/costs/ directions/instruction/manual/process/program/tool/wizard; installability (n); installable (adj): ~ device/driver/ RAM;
syn. put in place, set
ant. uninstall
|
| 19
| Interface (n)
| a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet and interact; a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer
| system/program/graphical/object/user/functional ~; ~ adapter/agent/area/ card/channel/connection/ element/design/functionality/kit/
protocol; interface (v): ~ with another system or person, interfaced (adj); interfacial (adj): ~ connection/failure/ joint/resistance/tension; interfacing (n): ~ capability/circuit/protocol/ software;
syn. interact with, connect with;
Cf. GUI (Graphical User Interface)
WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer)
|
| 20
| Iteration (n)
| repetition of a process or utterance; repetition of a function or process in a computer program; a new version of a piece of computer hardware or software
| ~ cycle/algorithm/function/factor/ index/loop/mode; iterate (v): ~ a(n) operation/function/ process; iterative (adj): ~ algorithm/analysis/approach/ code/ calculation/circuit/formula/ function/ filter/method/network/ procedure/ technique; reiterate (v);
iterating (adj); iterated (adj): ~ code/form/graph/operator;
syn. repetition
|
| 21
| Kernel (n)
| the central or most important part of sth; the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security
| ~ debugger/call/function/mode/driver; ~ of security/action/integral;
program/real-time/separable/expanded /security ~; address/define a ~;
syn. center, core
ant. periphery
|
| 22
| Launch (v)
| set (a newly built ship or boat) afloat for the first time with an official ceremony; send (a missile, satellite, or spacecraft) on its course; start or set in motion (an activity or program)
| ~ a campaign/program/vessel/ warship/rocket/spaceship;
launch (n): a ~ angle/power/team/ window; launcher (n): a waveguide ~; launching (n): a ~ pad/basin/fiber/rail/ site/tower; launchpad (n); launchway (n): ~ operation;
syn. start, commence
ant. end, finish
|
| 23
| License (n)
| an agreement that allows sb or sth to use a service or perform an action as long as they agree to the terms provided therein
| obtain/revoke a ~;
grant a ~ to sb;
~ agreement/fee/key/contract/holder; ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/ corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~ software/product/ dealer/party; licensee (n); licenser (or) (n); licensing (adj): ~ procedure/scheme, service;
syn. certificate, warrant, permit
|
| 24
| Menu (n)
| the food available or to be served in a restaurant or at a meal; a list from which to choose; a list of commands or facilities displayed on screen
| icon-driven/quick access/drop-down/context/pull-down/pop-up/application/feature/cascading ~;
~ box/button/access/choice/ entry/key/-driven/-guided/type/bar;
click on/choose from/change the ~
|
| 25
| OS (abbr)
Operating System
| the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals
| ~ failure/design/kernel/management;
server/user/home edition/virtual/ multiuser/multitasking/ multiprocessing/mobile ~; (un)install/update/change/reconfigure/be compatible with an ~
|
| 26
| Package (n)
| an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box; software that is bunched together to make a complete set
| ~ advertising/contract/deal/file/ holiday/module/offer/paper/tour; ~ of subcontract works; build/create a ~;
packaged (adj): ~ software/system/ unit; packager (n); packaging (n): ~ density/film/machine/process/robot;
syn. kit, parcel, container
|
| 27
| Pointer (n)
| a long, thin piece of metal on a scale or dial which moves to indicate a figure or position; a movable indicator on a computer screen identifying the point that will be affected by input from the user
| ~ device/instrument/operation/ token/tool/-driven/-linked;
screen/control/base/vertical/ address ~; point (n): boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring up/raise/concede/yield/cover/discuss/ emphasize/stress/underscore a ~; speak to the ~; at a ~; on this ~; point (v): ~ out problems/errors;
pointless (adj): ~ argument;
syn. cursor, arrow, issue
|
| 28
| Recover (v)
| return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; stabilize or take a computer or electronic device back to a point when it was stable; restore a deleted file
| ~ command/function/from an error;
recovery (n): system ~, ~ bug/control/ data/factor/node/period/process/rate/ work/time; recoverer (n): program ~;
recovered (adj): ~ file/heat/oil/signal;
recovering (n): ~ time/probability;
(ir)recoverable (adj): ~ error/failure/ reserves; (ir)recoverability (n);
syn. reclaim, regain, restore
|
| 29
| Release (v)
| allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free; make (a film, recording, or other product) available to the public
| ~ a film/disc/book/button/prisoner;
release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of pressure/information/fluid;
released (adj): ~ capacity/state/version; releaser (n);
syn. (set) free, let go, issue
|
| 30
| Script (n)
| handwriting as distinct from print; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order; a small non-compiled program written for a scripting language or the command interpreter
| ~ file/language/font; command/machine/writer ~;
(re)write/create/compose/delete/edit a ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/ programming language; inscription (n), inscribe (v)
|
| 31
| Software (n)
| the programs and other operating information used by a computer
| trial/open source/bundled/commercial/ edutainment/public domain/ encryption/licensed ~;
(un)install/configure/release/maintain/design/debug/distribute/implement/ manage/control/test ~; ~ bug/cache/ command/component/configuration /debugging/design/distribution/ engineering/failure/implementation/ life-cycle/management/ piracy/publisher/ utility; ~-based controller/design;
syn. program
ant. hardware
|
| 32
| Specification (n)
| an act of identifying sth precisely or of stating a precise requirement; description of an invention accompanying an application for a patent
| ~ change/deficiency/error/limit/ requirements/review/statement/writer; ~ of contract/cargo/tolerances;
specify (v): ~ the(a) needs/conditions/ offer/diagnosis/extension; specificity (n): ~ of test/construction; specified (adj): ~ behavior/criteria/constraints/ conditions/load/number/quality/ temperature/time;
syn. stipulation, parameter, condition
|
| 33
| System (n)
| a complex whole; a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a group of related programs or hardware units or both, especially when dedicated to a single application
| ~ requirements/engineer/interface/ analyst/area/approach/architecture/ board/bus/code/console/control/crash/debugging/design/disc/element/failure/library/memory/menu/registry;
(re)set/start/boot/(un)install/update/ change/(re)configure/access a ~; application/ computer/back-up/binary/ control/ error-correcting/detecting/ information ~;
syn. scheme, structure
ant. chaos, disorder
|
| 34
| Task (n)
| a piece of work to be done or undertaken; an activity or a piece of work which CPU has to perform, usually as part of a larger project
| active/current ~; perform/set/ fulfill/complete/carry out/ cancel/abandon/undertake/ assign/entrust sb with a ~;
~-based approach/allocation/ activation/assignment/group/list/ plan/queue; ~ scheduler/priority/ queue/register/table/bar;
syn. assignment, undertaking
Cf. multitasking
|
| 35
| Update (v)
| make sth more modern or up-to-date; download a software file that contains refreshed information and various fixes
| ~ a status/software/file;
update (n): news/automatic/ manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;
updated (adj): ~ program/antivirus/file /database/information/version/sample;
updater (n): table ~; updating (n): batch/file/memo/screen ~;
syn. modernize, renovate
ant. outdated, out-of-date
|
| 36
| Utility (n)
| the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial; system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer
| public/debugging/disk compression/ maintenance/setup ~; ~ allocation/ area/core/computing/device/ equipment/function/kernel;
(un)install/update/change a ~;
public ~ies; utilize (v): ~ fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~ waste; utilization (n): ~ coefficient/ factor/level/parameter/property/rate; utilized (adj); utilizer (n);
syn. service
Cf. recycle
|
| 37
| Version (n)
| a particular form of sth differing in certain respects from an earlier form or other forms of the same type of thing; a particular release of a piece of computer software
| demo/beta/active/trial/professional/ crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/ management/tracking;
release/copy a ~; versioning (n);
syn. form, variant
|
| 38
| Widget (n)
| an application, or a component of an interface that enables a user to perform a function or access a service; an additional feature or
extension to a software program, OS GUI, or a web page, which enables additional features
| ~ library/set; un(install)/update/change /reconfigure a ~;
syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance, device
|
| 39
| -ware (n)
| manufactured articles of a specified type; type of software
| share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple/crap/ mal/free/stone/table/kitchen/metal ~;
syn. commodity
|
| 40
| Window (n)
| an opening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle, to admit light or air; a framed area on a display screen for viewing information
| ~ control/frame/menu/space/width; ~-based OS; ~ of vulnerability; acceptance/contact/display/help/ hidden/graphics/pop-up/welcome/ active/alert/application ~; overlapping ~s; bring up a ~; extend beyond the edge of the ~; windowed (adj): ~ address/registers; windowing (n): ~ environment/software/system;
windowless (adj): ~ photo-multiplication
|
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition © 2010 by Oxford University Press Inc.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition © Oxford University Press 2010
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию: 8-е изд., испр. и доп. - ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008
4. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и программированию (8 изд., испр. и доп.). - Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий, 2011.
5. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров А.В. – 2011.
