Language Bank: Introducing Main Ideas

• in general/generally,

• for the most part,

• broadly speaking,

• on the whole,

• in most cases,

• all, every

• as a rule,

• always

• usually

• frequently

• often

• sometimes

• never

• seldom

• mainly

2. Fill in the listing links in the following sentences. The first has been done for you.

1. The girl is talented: she can sing and also dance.

2. Your friend didn’t know some rather basic details about you; ___________, what you

look like.

3. Most streets in Tokyo are safe at night. ___________, the juvenile crime rate actually

has fallen in recent years.

4. I do feel ill. My back is aching, and my feet hurt, ___________.

5. One advertising executive has stated that he does not use electronic mail for a number

of reasons. The ___________ reason is that he has not yet mastered the system. But

___________(,) he feels that it is a very impersonal way to communicate. ___________,

he feels that you lose a lot of information when you use computer mail instead of talking

to someone in person.

6. Buy two CDs and get ___________ one completely free.

7. The two leaders have worked together on ___________ occasions.

8. The girls come from ___________ different backgrounds.

9. The ___________ reason to live in Spain is the weather.

10. I have to buy ___________ things at the supermarket.

Language Bank: Introducing Listing

• a variety of

• also

• numerous

• furthermore,

• for example,

• another

• last

• moreover,

• too

• (a) few

• some

• first, second

• others

• main

• many

• besides,

• several

• in addition,

3. Fill in the time order/sequence links in the following sentences. The first has been

done for you.

1. Before he starts on a trip, a traveler prepares himself for the country by reading about

it.

2. My grandma used to cook my favorite cookies ___________ I came to see her.

3. ___________ the 18th and 19th centuries, signals – lanterns, flags, and even moving

arms to convey a message – were used extensively.

4. ___________ the lecturer was speaking about how to avoid boring topics, a man fell

asleep in the auditorium.

5. Someone called the police and reported about the accident at 10:00 p.m.; ten minutes

___________, the officers came to the house.

6. Paula became pregnant ___________ after they were married.

7. When you decide to take a trip, the planning can be fun. ___________, you have to

decide where to go.

8. It was forty years ___________ Ingrid had first arrived in Siberia.

9. To search effectively for information on the Internet, a user should ___________

choose the correct search engine and ___________ type in a narrow search topic.

___________, s/he should scan the website entries, looking for the information needed.

___________, s/he opens a website and reads the information quickly.

10. She waited ___________ he had finished speaking.

Language Bank : Showing Sequence and Time

• first, second, etc.

• next

• before (that)

• while

• by that time

• when, whenever

• after that

• after a while

• soon

• throughout

• at the moment

• meanwhile,

• as

• afterwards

• later (on)

• finally

• from then on,

• during

• since (then)

• at last

• immediately

• now

• at once

• instantly

• at the same time,

• simultaneously

• in the meantime,

• eventually

• in the end,

• until

4. Fill in the comparison/contrast links in the following sentences. The first has been

done for you.

1. Unlike life in the country, traffic noise, crowded streets, and terrible factory pollution

make life in the city unpleasant.

2. The climates of Seattle and San Francisco are ___________: Seattle has mild winters

with very little snow, and the winter in San Francisco is mild, ___________.

3. My brother is much older than I am: he is 48 years old, ___________ I am only 17.

4. In Nepal, cats are very expensive; dogs, ___________, are easily available and often

given as gifts by neighbors.

5. They had food only for a day or two; ___________, they did not try to earn any

money.

6. Both Moscow and New York are exciting cultural centers, but the cities are

___________ in architectural styles.

Cohesion of Paragraph

45

7. Americans may eat cereal and eggs and toast for breakfast. ___________, Italians

usually just have bread and coffee.

8. ___________ other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.

9. Your measurements are ___________ Dana’s.

10. I’d like to holiday abroad, ___________ I should be trying to save money.

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