This book will be read with great interest by all of us. 2. The thoracic cavity was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon.

The bones of the skull are connected together very firmly.

VII. Обратите внимание на перевод сказуемого в дополнительных придаточных предложениях. Ответьте на вопросы:

My friend said that he lived Мой друг сказал, что он живет in Radio street. на улице Радио.

1*. Совпадает ли время сказуемого в английском и русском главных предложениях? 2*. В каком времени стоит сказуемое в английском и русском дополнительных придаточных предложениях? 3. Каким временем нужно переводить сказуемое дополнительного придаточного предложения, если сказуемое главного стоит в Past Indefinite? Какому правилу подчиняется употребление времен в придаточных дополнительных предложениях?

VIII. Переведите следующие предложения :

1. We learned that the lower extremity consisted of the thigh, leg, and foot. 2. The doctor saw that the patient̓s eyes were reddened ( покрасневшие ). 3. Не knew that I studied at the Medical Institute.

IX. Запомните чтение следующих слов :

universal [,ju:ni'v3:sl] универсальный , общий fiber ['faibə] волокно cell [sel] клетка agent ['eieənt] агент ; фактор ; возбудитель

X. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

muscle ['mAsl] n мышца; radiated muscle веерообразная мышца

establish [i'stfbliʃ] v устанавливать

introduce [,intrə'dju:s] v вводить

change [teine] v изменять(ся), менять(ся); п изменение

weight [weit] n вес

divide [di'vaid] v делить, разделять

wide [waid] а широкий

direction [di'rekʃ'n] n направление; указание (на выполнение чего-л.)

tissue ['tisju:] n ткань ; connective tissue соединительная ткань

vessel ['vesl] n сосуд

blood [blAd] n кровь

find [faind] (found, found [fa υ nd]) v находить ; to find out обнаруживать

determine [di't3:min] v определять; устанавливать

contraction [kən'trfkʃ'n] n сокращение

XI. Прочтите и переведите:

а ) словосочетания :

1) the contraction of muscles; 2) the blood vessel wall; 3) the body weight; 4) connective tissue cells; 5) to determine the blood group; 6) a rapid change; 7) to divide into groups; 8) according to the structure;

б) предложения с выделенными словами:

Please find the pulmonary artery in this picture. 2. The scientists found that blood had vitamins. 3. I.M. Sechenov is the founder of Russian physiology. 4. The first Russian university was founded by M.V. Lomonosov.

It was found out that when a person died his body continued to live for some time.

XII. 1. Прочтите текст Е. 2. Напишите план текста. 3. Найдите: а) инфинитивы, определите их функции и переведите предложения; б) предложения на правила согласования времен и переведите их.

Text E. The Lecture on Muscles

Yesterday the students of our group came to the Institute to listen to a lecture on muscles. The lecture was attended by all of us. The lecture was delivered by Prof. Smirnov. To listen to it was very interesting. Prof. Smirnov was the first to tell us about the anatomical terms.

The names of all the muscles in the body and all other anatomical terms were established at three с ongresses in Basel ['bazəl], Jena ['jeina] and Paris. In 1895 the Basel Nomina Anatomica¹ was introduced; in 1935 it was greatly changed at the Congress of Anatomists in Jena. But the anatomical terms which were established at that Congress were not used in the USSR. In 1955 the IV International Federal Congress of Anatomists in Paris established new universal anatomical terms, the so-called Paris Nomina Anatomica.

In his lecture Prof. Smirnov said that the body was composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. The students learned that in the adult about 35-40% (per cent) of the body weight was formed by the muscles. According to the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles were divided into the muscles of the trunk, bead, and extremities.

When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the form of the muscles he said that all the muscles were divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles; the free extremities were formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lay on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities were formed by wide muscles.

Some muscles were called according to the structure of their fibers, for example radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example extensors ( разгибающие мышцы ), or according to their direction, for example oblique ( косая ).

When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the structure of the muscles he said that the muscles were formed by a mass of muscle cells, the muscular fibers were connected together by connective tissue, the blood vessels and the nerves were in the muscles.

Great research work was carried out by many scientists to determine the functions of the muscles. Three basic methods of study were used: experimental work on animals, the study of the muscles on a living human body and on the corpse.

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