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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
The Verb “ TO HAVE” in the Indefinite TensesСтр 1 из 7Следующая ⇒
The Verb “ TO HAVE” in the Indefinite Tenses
Illustrative Examples I have a book. Have you a book? Yes, I have. No, I have not. I have no book. I haven’t any book. I have got a journal. Have you got a journal? Yes, I have got. No, I have not got. I have not got a journal. He has many dictionaries. How many dictionaries has he? We had many classes yesterday. Had you English or Spanish classes yesterday?/ Did you have English or Spanish classes yesterday? We had English classes yesterday. Who had many classes yesterday? We had. You had an English class yesterday, hadn’t you?/ You had an English class yesterday, didn’t you? Yes, I had. No I had not. No, I hadn’t./ Yes I did. They will have a meeting at the library tomorrow. Will they have a meeting tomorrow? Yes, they will have. No, they will not (won’t) have. When will they have a meeting? Where will they have a meeting?
Exercise 1. Render the following sentences into the Past and the Future. Model:
a) I have a large family. b) He has many friends. c) She has an elder sister. d) They have a language laboratory. e) We have an interesting work. f) Have you a flat? g) I have no bad marks. h) We have no problems. i) I have got many classes every day. j) She has got a new dress.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with have, has, had, shall have, will have. a) Jane …many friends. b) … you a family? c) I …good TV set last year. d) We … no time to wait for him. e) The dog … got four legs. f) She …an English exam next year. g) They … a friend in England. h) What classes … you yesterday? i) She … no brother. j) I …got a lecture at 11 o’clock.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
1. Have you got an English magazine at home? 2. Had your father a flat in Kyiv?/ Did your father have a flat in Kyiv? 3. How many books have you? 4. Have you a brother or a sister? 5. You had a vocation last summer, hadn’t you? 6. What profession will you have in future? 7. Who has no brother? 8. What flat have you got? 9. Will you have a car? 10. Have you a girl friend or a boy friend?
ІІ. Reading . Read and translate the text. Our Language laboratory.
This is our language laboratory. We have a very good language laboratory at our university. Every week students have an English class in this laboratory. Look at it. This is a teacher’s desk. It has two tape recorders. Those are students’ desks. Each desk has two pairs of headphones and a microphone. We have 16 desks. This is a blackboard and that is a screen. We have many slides in our language laboratory. These are shelves with the dictionaries. We have different dictionaries on the shelves. On the walls we have many pictures and tables. Students have very interesting classes in this laboratory. Students read and translate texts. We have many interesting text books. Students listen to tape recorders and repeat dialogues and monologues after the speaker. They make their own dialogues and discuss different topics. Ten years ago our University had no language laboratory. Now it has. Soon our department will have a computer class. Each student will have a personal computer on the desk. Every week the students will have an English lesson in the computer classroom.
a) Practice. Ask your fellow student about the University language laboratory. Describe your English classes in the language laboratory.
Illustrative Examples I am a student. I am not a pupil. I was a pupil last year. Are you a pupil now? No, I am not. Were you a pupil last year? Yes, I was. Is he a student or a worker? He is a student. She is a student too, isn’t she? Yes she is. No, she is not. We shall be specialists in five years. What shall we be in five years? We shall be specialists in five years. Who will be specialists in five years? We shall
II. Reading Text My friends Let me introduce myself. My name is Peter Stogov. I am 19. I’m a student of Kiev National Linguistic University. I am a first year student. I am very happy. I have many friends. My best friend is Vladimir Petrov. He is a student too. But he is not a student of KNLU. He is a student of Kharkov Pharmacy Academy. He is 20 years old and he is a second year student. Lena Pavlova is my girl friend. She is 18, but she is not a student. She is a secretary at the court. She is very clever and pretty. I also have a friend in England. His name is Steven King. Is he Ukrainian? No, he is not. He’s English. Is he a student? No, he isn’t. He is a lawyer in London. He is 25. He is very busy. Steven has a family. He has a father, a mother and a sister. His father is a research worker. He was in our country last year. It was a scientific conference in Kiev. Steven’s mother is a house-wife. Several years ago she was a teacher. Now she has a little daughter. Kate is Steven’s sister. She is 5 years old. She is not a school girl. She is very small.
III. Practice Exercise 1. Ask your fellow student about: 1. His/her family; 2. His/her friends. Get the information about: names, surnames, ages, nationalities, relatives, occupations. Grammar Construction there + be The Past Indefinite Tense
Indefinite Pronouns
Illustrative Examples There is a post-graduate course at the University. There are student hostels at the University. Is there a post-graduate course at the University? Yes, there is. No, there is not. There is no post-graduate course at the University. There are not many student hostels at the University. Is there a post-graduate course or a designing bureau at the University? What is there at the University? There is a post-graduate course at the University. How many student hostels are there at the University? There are three student hostels at the University. There is somebody in the laboratory. Is there anybody in the laboratory? There is nobody in the laboratory. There is not anybody in the laboratory.
Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary to be founded – бути заснованим competition – конкурс to enter – поступати to do one’s best – робити все можливе to be enrolled – бути зарахованим faculty – факультет full-time form of education – денна форма навчання correspondent form of education – заочна форма навчання Faculty of Retraining and Advanced Training – факультет перепідготовки та підвищення кваліфікації as well as – так же як common - спільні specialized academic Council for defending theses – спеціалізована вчена Рада з захисту дисертацій rigional division – регіональний підрозділ teaching staff – педагогічний склад student’s body – кількість студентів assistant professor – доцент under supervision – під керівництвом to carry on reseach work – вести наукову роботу practical application – практичне застосування scientific society – наукове товариство to have at one’s disposal – мати в распорядженні shop – майстерня equipment – обладнення machine-tool - верстак up-to-date devices – сучасні прилади department – кафедра hostel – гуртожиток to provide - забеспечувати term – семестр credit – залік grant – стипендія to attend – відвідувати yearly project – курсова робота Bachelor degree – ступінь бакалавра Master degree – ступінь магістра post-graduate course – аспірантура out-of-class activity – позакласна діяльність amateur group – самодіяльність
III. Grammar IV. Reading Text A V. Language Exercises 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following: - higher educational establishment; - faculty of Mechanical Engineering; - practical application; - to take exams and get credits; - research work; - vacations; - to provide; - different subjects; - assistant professor; - teaching staff; - equipment; - out-of-class activity; - to do one’s best.
Exercise 2. Give English equivalents for the following: - наукове товариство; - гуртожиток; - аспірантура; - денна форма навчання; - самодіяльність; - кафедра; - відвідувати лекції і семінари; - регіональний підрозділ; - сучасні прилади; - навчальний рік; - курсова робота; - стипендія; - лінгафонний кабінет.
VI. Comprehension Exercise 1. Agree or disagree with the following statements: 1. KSTU is one of the best higher educational establishments in Ukraine. 2. Now, there are two buildings and three hostels at the University. 3. About six hundred students study at the University. 4. Under the supervision of teachers students carry on research work. 5. The academic year is divided into three terms. 6. In the third year students begin to study special subjects. 7. KSTU has doctoral programs. 8. There are not many sport facilities at the University.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions: 1. When was the University founded? 1. What forms of education are there at the University? 2. How many students study at the University? 3. What is a teaching staff? 4. What kind of laboratories, shops and classrooms are there at the University? 5. Into how many terms is the academic year divided? 6. Do students study special subjects in the first year? 7. Is there a post-graduate course at the University? 8. Does University life imply only a study? 9. What kinds of out-of-class activities are there at the University?
VII. Practice Speak on the topic “ My University.”. Use the chart.
VIII. Comprehension Listen to the Text B. Be sure that you know the following words and word combinations: to be situated – бути розташованим entrance exams – вступні іспити to be like somebody (something) – бути схожим to fall in an exam – провалитися на екзамені to exist – існувати to last – продовжуватися to allow – дозволяти tutor – викладач, який проводить практичні заняття та слідкує за навчанням та дисципліною студентів undergraduate – студент останнього курсу університету residential University – університети в коледжах яких живуть студенти різних спеціальностей
Text B Oxford The city of Oxford is like London. It is old, international and it is situated on the river Thames. Oxford is very beautiful and green city. We say that Oxford is old and historical because it was founded in 912. The University was founded in 1249. Oxford is international because people from many parts of the world come to study at this University. Every year more than one thousand students enter Oxford University. The entrance exams are difficult. It is necessary to work hard to become a student of the Oxford University. Oxford University is residential. It consists of 38 colleges and each student must belong to one of the colleges. The academic year in England has three terms which usually last from the beginning of October till the middle of December, from the middle of January till the end of March and from the middle of April till the end of June. There are examinations at the end of each term. If a student fail in an exam, he may be allowed pass the exam again. Only two reexaminations are usually allowed. The University of Oxford has a tutorial system of education: every student has a tutor who plans his work. Each week some students come to see him, they discuss different questions connected with their studies and research work. At Oxford University no student may call on a tutor or attend a lecture without his or her gown, therefore the students wear them in all weather or carry them over arm or shoulder. The students at Oxford University spend a lot of time studying. Their working hours are from 9 to 1. At 9 o’clock they see the tutor or go to the library or to the lecture. From 2 to 5 they are engaged in sports and all kind of exercises. Almost all students go in for some kind of sport. The most famous kinds of sport are: boxing, running, playing football, golf and other games. From 5 to 7 they usually either work in the library or in the laboratory. At 7 o’clock the undergraduates and tutors gather in the hall and have dinner. After dinner students have club activities, debating societies etc. By 10 o’clock the students must be in the college, as most of the students live in the colleges. At 10 o’clock the students sit down to work again and work about 2 hours. At 12 o’clock p.m. the students go to bed. The life of the students at Oxford is very interesting.
IX. Practice X. Reading Exercise 1. Look through the Text C about the educational system of Great Britain. Be ready to answer the following questions: 1. What are the main types of British schools? 2. What is the difference between them? 3. When is secondary education compulsory for children? 4. What is the waiting list for? 5. What examinations have British pupils at16? 6. What kind of education do the British need to enter a University? 7. What are the oldest British Universities? 8. What is a usual structure of a typical British University? 9. What degrees can a person receive after graduation from a British University? Text C XII. Reading Text D XIII. Practice Open University The Open University was established in 1968 to enable people to study for a best degree at home. It started its first course in 1971 with 19,580 students. Now it is Britain’s largest teaching institution, with more than 100,000 men and women taking its various courses at any given time. About 6,000 students of all ages get degrees every year. Its degrees, diplomas and other qualifications are equal to those of any other university. Apart from the well-known degree courses there are a lot of other courses, some lasting only a few weeks, others ten or twelve months. Courses cover a wide range of subjects – from every-day topics though traditional university disciplines – history, chemistry, electronics and so on – to the latest manufacturing techniques. There are nearly 200 courses and in all of them (except for higher degrees) there is only one principle: they are open to everybody. You need no formal academic qualifications to enter them. You must be 18 or over, and resident of the United Kingdom. And of course, you must have the desire to learn. The OU operates by sending its educational materials to students in their own homes or places of work. It uses not only textbooks which can be bought at bookshop or by post from the OU’s centre at the town of Milton Keynes, but also video, audio cassettes and computer programmes. Students of the OU receive their lessons and lectures in their homes by means of special TV and radio programmes, E-mail. They also work with their tutors all over the country. Students write papers on the courses and discuss them with their tutors at meetings or by correspondance. The OU’s success os of great interest abroad and a number of countries have bough teaching materials produced at the University.
American Educational System Education in America is largely the business of the individual State, not the Federal Government. Each of fifty states has its own system of education. There is no Ministry of Education such as exist in many countries, no national system of education. The Federal Government of the United States does not interfere in any way with public education within the states. Americans tend to study a larger number of subjects than Europeans, in school, and particularly at the university. Seven subjects are required for a first degree (Bachelor’s degree) in many colleges. In the USA wide, and sometimes superficial, knowledge is often valued more than specialization. There are more than two thousand institutions of higher education in the United States. Young people who want to enter higher education must have attended a high school for four years. This means that a student who wants to study at the university or college must begin by doing good work in high school. If his results in high school are satisfactory, he is enrolled to a university or college, where he may take a Bachelor’s degree after a four-year course of study. The first two years in an American college or university differ somewhat from a similar period in a European one. These years in American college are a continuation of secondary education. During this time certain courses must be completed before a student may begin study of his special field. Among the required courses are American history or government and physical education. In addition to the subjects which the freshmen (first-year students at American university) have to take, they may choose from the following courses to complete their programs of study: history, mathematics, chemistry, physics, French, German, Latin, geography, journalism, economics etc. The courses which students select depend, of course, on the field of study in which he wants to major. The aim of American education is to create a good citizen, rather than a scholar. That is why great emphasis is placed on the social duties and obligations, on communicating with other people, and obtaining varied information, which will be of practical use in life. 1. Language 1. Vocabulary to be learn: Students Студенти
to enter — поступати; to graduate (from) — закінчувати вашій учбовий заклад; bright / capable student — здібний студент; steady / hard working student — старанний студент ; top student — кращий , добре встигаючий студент; problem student — невстигаючий студент ; to loaf / loafer — байдикувати / ледачий; commute —поїздка; it takes me 15 minutes to get there - в мене займає 15 хвилин дістатися туди to decide/ to make up one’s mind - вирішити Examination / Grading Period Екзаменаційна сесія credits / exams — заліки / екзамени; entrance / term exams / — вступні / семестрові / finals — випускні екзамени; oral / written examinations — усні / письмові екзамени; to read up for (exams) — готуватися до екзаменів; to take / sit for exams — здавати екзамени; to resit for an exam — перездавати екзамени; to pass an exam — здати екзамени; to fail ( in/at ) — не здавати (екзамен); examining board — екзаменаційна комісія; examiner ( strict , demanding) — екзаменатор ( суворий , вимогливий ); to give / conduct examination — проводити екзамени; to give / to take marks — ставити / отримувати оцінки; excellent , good — “відмінно” , “добре” satisfactory / passing ( mark ) — задовільний / прохідний (бал); bad / poor / failing mark — незадовільна оцінка; to enter the mark in — поставити оцінку в ; a record book — залікову книжку; an examination record — екзаменаційний лист; honours degree — диплом з відзнакою; Hostel Гуртожиток room- mate — товариш по кімнаті; group-mate — товариш по групі; recreation hall — зал відпочинку; students’ canteen — їдальня; Grammar Sentence patterns Key examples to be memorized
Illustrative Examples He attends lectures and seminars. Does he attend lectures and seminars? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t attend lectures and seminars. What does he attend? He attends lectures and seminars. Who attends lectures and seminars? He (she) attends lectures and seminars.
Adverbial Modifiers of Time often — seldom usually — sometimes always — never every day / — from time to time year / month , week ones a day(a week, a month), twice a day (a week, a month), three times a day (a week, a month)
Exersice.1 Put the verbs given below in the 3rd person Singular. Mind the reading of ending (e)s ([z],[s],[iz]). Make three columns : to become, to do well, to give a lecture, to attend a language laboratory, to miss a lecture, to make poor progress, to catch up, to graduate from, to get grant, to loaf, to enter the university, to sit for exams, to pass an exams, to fail, to resit for an exam, to take marks, to go in for sports, to play sport games, to have a good time, to make up one’s mind, to carry away the audiences, to hunger for knowledge, to learn with ease. Exercise 2. Express your agreement with the following statements. Use the phrases: certainly , it is really so, you are right. I agree with you as in the model:
1. He gets grants ( scholarship ).
Exercise 3. Object to the sentences. Use the phrases : No, it is not so? I am afraid you are wrong I can’t agree with you;. On the contrary as in the model:
Model : 1. She skips lectures. 2. Ann studies special subjects . 3. We miss our parents. 4. They usually go home on their days off . 5. My brother takes a preparatory course at the University of Kherson.
Model I. a) Sometimes our students go to the theatre. b) Our students don’t go to the theatre. II. a) The teacher usually corrects our mistakes. b) The teacher doesn’t correct our mistakes. III. a) We have an English lesson once a week. b) We don’t have an English lesson twice a week. IV. a) My brother always works in the library. b) My brother doesn’t work in the library V. a) It takes them twenty minutes to get to the University. b) It doesn’t take them twenty minutes to get to the University.
Exercise 6. React the questions making a choice as in the model . Use the word “surely” as in the model:
Model:
Exercise 7. Ask a person who questions and answer them as in the model:
Model:
3. Some of our students study German and French. 4. Petrov always asks a lot of questions. 5. We often celebrate holidays together. 6. From time to time Ivanov skips lectures. 7. After classes I usually go to the laboratory.
Exercise 8. Ask your friend all possible questions to the following sentences
1. We usually have three periods a day. I. Most of our students like to play computer games. II. His friend does well at the University. III. Sometimes our daughter resists for tests. IV. They like the exact sciences most of all.
Past Indefinite Tense
Adverbial Modifier of time ago, yesterday, in March , in1990, last day / night /week /month / summer / year, on Monday/the day before yesterday , the other day, then, formerly, previously Exercise 1. Put the verbs given below in the Past Indefinite Tense. Explain the reading of ending – ed([d],[t],[id]) in the regular verbs . Make 2 columns : 1 Regular Verbs, 2 Irregular Verbs. to become, to do well, to give a lecture, to attend a language laboratory, to miss a lecture, to make poor progress, to be behind, to catch up, to graduate from, to get grant, to loaf, to enter the university, to sit for exams, to pass exams, to fail, to resit for an exam, to take marks, to go in for sports, to play sport games, to have a good time, to make up one’s mind, to carry away the audience, to learn with ease, to look forward to, to teach, to last, to listen to with great interest, to arrive, to hunger for knowledge.
Exercise 2. Complete the following:
Model :
1. a) My niece studied English in the Language Laboratory yesterday . b) My niece didn’t study English in the Language Laboratory yesterday. 2. a) It took him 40 minutes to get to the University. b) It did not take him 40 minutes to get to the University. 3. a) The students had a good time together b) The students didn’t have a good time together . 1. a) Boris went to a farewell party at his school yesterday . b) Boris didn’t go to a farewell party at his school yesterday. 2. a) My group-mates celebrated a holiday 2 days ago. b) My group-mates didn’t celebrate a holiday 2 days ago.
Model: 1. Did your English lesson last 80 minutes or 90 minutes? 2. Did you study English or French? 3. Did you check your homework at home or in your classroom? 1. 4. Did your sister go to the library or to the language laboratory yesterday? 5. Did the students take excellent or poor marks last lesson? 6. Did your friend graduate from the University or the Institute a year ago?
Exercise 8. Ask a person who questions and answer them as in the model:
Model: 1. Boris translated the text . 2. My friend studied foreign languages at school. 3. My nephew finished school in 2000. 4. Their parents came to see me yesterday. 5. The students made no mistakes in the last laboratory work. 6. Professor N. simply carried away the audience.
Sentence Patterns Key examples to be memorized:
Illustrative Example They will live in the hostel. Will they live in the hostel? Yes, they will. No, they won’t They won’t live in the hostel. Where will they live? They will live in the hostel. Who will live in the hostel? They will live in the hostel. The Future Indefinite Tense
Adverbial Modifiers of Time tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the morning, on Sunday, soon, in two days , some day, the day after tomorrow, this evening, tonight, in a while, before long, right away. Exercise 1. Express your agreement with the following statements: Use the phrases: Certainly. It is really so. You are right . I agree with you as in the model:
Model:
1. She will be an applicant for entry next year. a) They will take a preparatory course at the University of Kherson. b) The course will last for eight months. c) My friends will have lectures and tutorials every day. d) We shall get scholarship tomorrow. e) My friend will distinguish himself someday.
Exercise 2. Object to the sentences. Use the phrases: No, it is not so. I am afraid you are wrong. I can’t agree with you. On the contrary as in the model.
Model: 1. I shall come to the University at about 9 o’clock. 2. Lectures will be in the language laboratory the day after tomorrow. 3. My brother will stay in the library till late. 4. They will do their homework after classes. 5. We shall read a paper next week. 6. His commute will be bad next day.
Exercise 3. Express your surprise and give short affirmative (negative) answers as in the model:
Model:
1. We shall attend a computer center next week. 1. It will take them a few minutes to get to the University. 2. She will sit at the window in the language laboratory. 3. They will go home after classes. 4. I shall take part in research work in the senior years at the University.
Exercise 4. Add tag-questions to the following statements and agree or disagree with them as in the model:
Model:
1. a) My brother will enter the University next year. b) My brother won’t enter the University next year. 1. a) We shall take part in social activities. b) We shan’t take part in social activities. 2. a) My friends will study hard to become good specialists. b) My friends won’t study hard to become good specialists. 3. a) My group-mates will go hiking on Sunday. b) My group-mates won’t go hiking on Sunday. 4. a) His parents will receive a letter from him next week. b) His parents won’t receive a letter from him next week.
Exercise 5. React to the questions making a choice as in the model:
1 .Will they write tests or exams the day after tomorrow? 1. Will you read up or sit for exams next week? 2. Will she pass an exam or resit for it? 3. Shall we go to the canteen or to the library after classes? 4. Will your friend go in for sport or read a book on Saturday?
Text A Student’s Life I study at the Kherson State Technical University, the department of Cybernetics. In summer I passed all my exams successfully and my dream to become a student finally came true. But there were many young people who failed their entrance exams. My friend for example failed in mathematics. It wasn’t really his fault, it was just bad luck. He will try again next year. And now I am going to tell you about my family. My father’s name is Sergei Petrovich, he is 47. He works as a surgeon at a hospital. He is neither old nor young. He is a good-looking man, handsome, rather thin with dark brown hair just beginning to grey. He is a very sociable person. What I don’t like about my dad is that he is always busy. Very often he works overtime. He is a bread-maker in our family. He is fond of going to the country at the weekend, because he enjoys working in the garden. My mother’s name is Galina Nickolayevna. She is 46. She works as a teacher at a nursery school. My mother is rather slim and pretty, she is always elegant and smart. She always has a lot of work to do both school and about the house. I have neither sisters nor brothers. But I have a lot of relatives-grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandparents and cousins. I was much interested in physics at school. I studied it at the school physics circle. I was also fond of literature and used to write poems. I didn’t know what to choose: physics or literature. I finished school and began to work on the farm. Then I served in the army. After that I worked as a machine operator at an engineering plant. I worked there for two years and decided to enter the University. It took me rather long to get used to University life. To be quite honest I never knew I was so much behind the others. It will take me months of real hard work to catch up with the fellows. I think I won’t be disappointed. My lessons usually begin at 8 o’clock and I get up very early because I live far from the University. It takes me an hour to get there in time. Those students who live in the hostel are lucky it take them only a few minutes to get there. I live with my parents in a new comfortable apartment. Our monitor and Trade Union organizer live in the hostel. Now I compare the life at home with my parents and in the hostel. We do many subjects at the University. Here are some of them: physics, higher mathematics, foreign languages (English, German, French, Spanish ), history of Ukraine. I like the history of our country most of all, because there are still so many facts which I want to know. We take credits and examinations twice a year in January and in June. Our lessons end at 3 o’clock. I usually go home by bus or work in the library or in the physics laboratory. I shall study hard to get education and to become a good specialist. My group-mates and I will try to find time for some enjoyment as well. There will be a sport competition at the end of the term and I hope I shall take part in it.
IV. Practice Exercise 1. Speak on the topic “Student’s Biography”. Student’s Biography
(+) V2 (ed); was ,were (+) V(V(e)s); am, is, are (+) will V(am, is, are going to). ( -) did not V were am, is, are (not) (?) Did V is, are.
Personal Information Sheet First name ____________________ Last name ____________________ Date of birth _____________________________________________ (month) ( day ) ( year) Nationality ____________________ Place of Birth ______________________ Citizenship ________________________ Permanent address ________________________________________ Phone _________________ Education ______________________
Year of leaving ______ Languages:
Marital status:
Married
Widowed Date ____________________________ Signature ___________ Exercise 3. Role play the situations: Situation 1. 1.You believe that a student must live in the hostel. Life at home with parents makes a person soft, leaves him unprepared for the difficulties of life outside home. Your friend convinces you that living at home has some advantages.
Guide words: not far from the University, a floor with a special reading –room and recreation hall, to gather in the evening, to listen to music, to dance, to enjoy oneself, to study together, to ask somebody for help, to celebrate, difficult to understand. Situation 2. 1. Your friend thinks the examinations will be easy. You disagree with him (her) giving your reasons.
Guide words: I think this subject is your weak point ,to fail in exam, to sit for an exam, to have little time, difficult to learn, difficult to remember, to study together, to study hard.
Situation 3. 1. Your friend will leave school next year. He wants to enter the same University where you study. You tell him about the student’s live.
Guide words: entrance exams, to be an applicant for entry, to take a preparatory course, tutorials, instructions, laboratories , to do well, to be good at, to go in for sports, scholarship, to have a good time, to celebrate a holiday . Situation 4. 1.You are on practice at a foreign enterprise. The head of the enterprise is interested in your personality. Tell him about yourself . Situation 5. 1.You ,a Ukrainian student, meet at the Club of International Friendship of your city a foreign student. He asks you about your life, family, childhood.
Guide words: to be born in, to enter the University, to study at the department of, to live at home (in the hostel), parents, to work as, to go in for sport, to attend computer courses.
V. Reading Leisure-Time Activities (My Days Off and Holidays ) Many people think about holidays in January. They begin to make plans. They talk about places and ideas. So people begin to dream. Not everybody likes winter holidays. Many people dream of the sun and warm beaches. And other people like to do things when they are on holiday. They want to learn a foreign language or visit famous places, or go climbing. Some people like to spend their holidays with a lot of other people; other prefer to go on their own. Even if we all have different ideas about an ideal holiday, we all have to face two problems: time and money. On weekdays I usually go to the University but on my days off I prefer to rest. I think it is important for us to rest after hard work. At our leisure time we go in for sports, read books, go to the library, cinema, theatre, park, museum or exhibition. As a rule, we try to spend most of the time outdoors. Some students prefer to go to the country to see their relatives and friends. In winter we like to ski and skate. We like to watch an interesting TV programme. In summer and spring picnics are popular with young people. We are fond of picnics chiefly because we have an excellent opportunity to admire the beauty of nature and have a bite without observing table manners. Many people like to go to the cinema and theatre at the weekend and holidays. As for me, my days off are normally like this. I don’t like to get up early and at weekend I wake up late. As a rule I get up at 10 o’clock. Then I do my morning exercises, wash my face and hands and brush my teeth. After that I relax a little: listen to a lovely stereo music and try to forget about all my problems. Then I visit my friends and have a chat with them about our lives. Sometimes my friends and I go to the museum or art exhibition. As a rule, my activities at the weekend depend on my plans, but in any case I manage to do a lot of things and to have a rest. I always try to do my best to have a really good time. But unfortunately time flies very quickly at the weekend, and the next Monday morning come, and I am looking forward to my next days off. Word List to dream of smth. ― мріяти про to go climbing ― займатися альпінізмом to face the problem ― зіткнутися з проблемою leisure ― дозвілля to spend time outdoors ― проводити час на свіжому повітрі to have an excellent opportunity ― мати пречудову нагоду to have a bite ― під’їсти normally ― звичайно in any case ― у будь-якому разі unfortunately ― на жаль time flies quickly ― час впливає швидко to be looking forward to ― нетерпляче очікувати without observing ― брутально поводячи себе за столом
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences 1. Not everybody likes … . 1. Many people dream of … . 2. Other people like … . 3. We all have to face … . 4. At our leisure time we … . 5. At the weekend I usually… . 6. But unfortunately … .
Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements: 1.Many people think about holidays in May. - Not everybody likes winter holidays. - At the weekend I usually prefer to rest. - As a rule, we try to spend most of the time in doors. - At our leisure time we go to the University. - In winter we like to stay at home. - In summer and spring picnics are popular with undergraduates.
Exercise 4. Ask questions to get these answers: 1.They begin to make plans. 1. Not everybody likes winter holidays. 2. It is important for us to have a rest after hard work. 3. We are fond of picnics. 4. Sometimes my friends and I go to the museum or art exhibition. 5. Time flies very quickly at the weekend, and the next Monday morning comes.
Exercise 5. Put the sentences of the text into the logical order. Retell the text. 1. I don’t like to get up early and at the weekend I wake up late. 1. Monday morning comes, and I’m looking forward to my next days off. 2. I think it is important for us to rest after hard work. 3. We are fond of picnics chiefly because we have an excellent opportunity to admire the beauty of nature and have a bite without observing table manners. 4. Even if we all have different ideas about an ideal holiday, we all have to face two problems: time and money. 5. Some people like to spend their holidays with a lot of other people, others prefer to go on their own.
Supplementary Reading heir ― наследник • спадкоємець abdication ― отречение • зречення enthusiasm ― увлечение • захоплення to make one’s broadcast ― выступать в радиопередаче • виступати у радіопередачі duke ― герцог • герцог to crown― короновать • коронувати signify ― выражать • виражати monarchy ― монархия • монархія annual ― годовой • річний widespread ― распространенный • розповсюджений keen promoter ― ярый защитник • завзятий захисник mass media ― средства массовой информации • засоби масової інформації commitment ― приверженность • прихільність
The Royal Family
At preset the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, he grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI. As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne after her father’s death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953. Among Queen Elizabeth’s many duties are Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has done much to signify the formalities of the monarchy, including allowing the BBC to take a documentary film about the day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the “walkabout”, an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people. The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebrations and special programmes of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee. The Queen’s husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke Edinburgh’s Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving wild animals from extinction.
The Royal Family King George VI 1895 –1952.m. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Queen Elizabeth the Queen mother)
Queen Elizabeth II Princess Margaret b.1926 b.1930, m. Antony m. Philip, the Earl of Snowdon the Duke of Edinburgh (divorced in 1978)
David Lady Sarah Viscount Linely Armstrong- Jones b.1961 b.1964
Charles Anne Andrew Prince Edward, The Prince of Wales Princess Royal The Duke of York b.1964 b. 1948 m. Lady b. 1950, m. Captain b. 1960, m. Sarah Ferguson Diana Spencer Mark Phillips
(divorced in 1989) Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York, b.1988 b.1990
Peter Phillips, Zara Phillips, b. 1977 b.1981
Marie Curie Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on 7th of November 1867. her father was a teacher of science and mathematics at school in town, and from him little Marya Sklodovska ― which was her Polish name ― learned her first lessons in science. Marya’s wish was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris and after many years of waiting she finally left her native land in 1891. Once in Paris Marya began a course of hard study and simple living. She decided to work for two Master’s degrees ― one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. Thus she had to work twice as hard as the ordinary student. Yet she had not enough money to live on. She lived in a bare attic in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her hard day’s works at the University, she would climb to her poorly furnished room and work at her books for hours. Her meals were poor, sometimes no more than a bag of cherries, which she ate as she studied. Though she was often weak and ill under this hard mode of life, she worked in this way for four years. She chose her course and nothing could turn her from it. Among many scientists Marya met and worked with in Paris was Pierre Curie. Pierre Cutie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of doctor, and from childhood he liked science. At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science and he took his Master’s degree in Physics when he was eighteen. When he met Marya Sklodovska he was thirty five years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But in spite of the honour he brought to France by his discoveries, the French Government could only spare him a very meagre salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused him a laboratory of him own for his researches. Pierre Curie and Marya Sklodovska , both of whom loved science more than anything else, very soon became the closest friends. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their researches. After little more than a year they fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Marya Sklodovska became Mme Curie. Their marriage was not only to be a very happy one but also one of the greatest scientific partnerships.
Notes a teacher of science ― преподаватель естественных наук (химия физика биология) master’s degree ― учебная степень магистра under this hard mode of life ― при такой тяжелой жизни a Bachelor of Science ― бакалавр естественных наук (звание присваиваемое после окончания университета spare him a very meager salary ― (зд .) платило ему мизерное жалованье
a)Read the text and find our how the British like to spend their free at home Recreations TV Viewing. It has been estimated that the average British person spends 75 hours every week with television, radio, newspapers and magazines. All these sources of information, ideas and entertainments, together with film, video, and advertisements have become a part of daily life. Watching television is a very popular leisure pastime in Britain. A typical day’s viewing includes film. Plays, current affairs, light entertainments, sport and politics. Nature documentaries are very popular. Television is a great information source which offers news and current affairs programmes, and it is used regularly to give information on everything from weather conditions to wildlife. Lost of people enjoy “soap operas”. Coronation Street, Crossroads East Enders, and Neighbours are among the most popular TV series. They have been running for many years (Coronation street are been broadcast since 1960, Crossroads ― since 1964, East Enders since 1985) and they all have a large viewing audience. The growth in use of videocassette recorders and equipment (including home computers) for playing television games has for many people increased the choice of entertainment available in the home. Listening to music. Another favourite activity is listening to music on radio, records, cassette tapes, and CDs. This has become increasingly popular in recent years. Enthusiasts of pop music spend millions of pounds a year on records and stereo music systems. They also but the various music papers and magazines that publish the ‘charts’ ― list of the current best-selling records ―as well as details of pop singers and musicians. There is, too, a considerable audience for classical music. Much of it is listened to at home. Radio devotes a lot of its broadcasting time to serious music. Gardening. Britain is famous for its gardens and most people like gardening. This is probably one reason why so many people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats. There are more private gardens in Britain than in any other country and they are looked after with love and enthusiasm. The British are keen gardeners. Every newspaper carries a regular gardening feature, radio and TV broadcast gardening programmes and most towns and villages have gardening clubs. Even in cities most people prefer to live in a house ― no matter how small ― gardens, rent a piece of land from their local council where they can cultivate flowers and vegetables. Almost every village and town holds an annual flower show in summer at which local gardeners exhibit fruit, flowers and vegetables and compete with each for prizes. Do-It-Yourself. A popular British hobby is to make improvements and additions to houses without the help of professional or skilled workers such as painters, builder and carpenters. This activity of making or repairing things ready made of paying a workman to do the work for your, is called, DIY (do –it-yourself). People with to keep their houses looking smart, and do-it-yourself repair and improvement work is widely practiced. There are now many handbooks and magazines devoted to DIY enthusiasts, telling them to go about repairs and improvements. There are also shops in every town selling or renting equipment and materials for DIY work.
6. What is a ‘soap opera? Can you explain why soar operas are popular though they are often naïve, silly and primitive? 7. How do you and your family prefer to listen to music ― on radio, records, cassette tapes, CDs, or at concerts? 8. What do the letters DIY mean? 9. Is do-it-yourself repair widely practiced in the families of your friends and acquaintances? Are there shops in your city similar to DIY shops?
Read the text about the popular pastimes and find out British people’s preferences for certain types of leisure and entertainments.
Popular Pastime How people use their free time depends on age, sex, educational background, social class and, of course, on their personal taste and inclinations. But even so, it is availability of choices open to them that usually stimulates and directs their recreations. Enjoyments of the Countryside. The British climate confines many outdoor activity and general enjoyment of the countryside to specific times of the year. National Park are open to the public for walking, bird watching, camping, caravanning (in specific areas) and, above all, for enjoying the scenery, the peace and quiet. There are a large number of rambling clubs whose members meet at weekends and on summer evenings to walk along some of Britain’s many footpaths that criss-cross the countryside. Many people who enjoy rambling, climbing and cycling often combine these activities with membership of the Youth Hostels Association (YHA). The hostels, doted about the country ― especially in popular areas like the Lake District and the Devon moors ― provide cheap accommodation for members in simple establishments where they normally cater for themselves. Outings. On holidays, on weekends or days off people often go for day “outing”. Some may not get much further than local parks or private gardens open to the public. Others may visit nearby art galleries and museums, or perhaps go to London for special exhibitions. Interesting exhibitions are organized every year and attract millions of visitors from Britain and overseas. Real enthusiasts go on outing in all weathers. Outings to the seaside. Whether they have a boat or not, most British families like to spend some time at the seaside in the summer. The beaches are very crowded in hot weather. Groups of people go on organized outings, to popular resorts like Brighton or Blackpool. Coaches full of factory or office workers drive to the coast for a day out. If the sea is warm enough they can go for a swim of they may prefer to take off their shoes and paddle in the shallow water. They may bring a picnic lunch with them , and they can buy ice-cream form the ice-cream van, tea from the refreshment kiosk and drink at the pubs. It may rain but the British are used do changeable weather. The family can always sit in the car, or find the nearest amusement arcade or simply turn round and go home. Cultural entertainments. Not everybody in Britain is interested in sport or in outings. Some are interested in going to the theatre, to the cinema, to concerts or to the opera where music by British composers is often on the programme. But this kind of entertainment is getting expensive and it is largely city activity, towns and cities also have public art galleries and museums. A specially classes in Adult Institutes and Colleges of Further Education. People study an incredible variety of subjects, many of them clearly vocational and others of general interest. The difference between adult learners and school- children is that adult learners are choosing what they wish to learn, and usually giving up their leisure time willingly to learn it. The most popular subjects are foreign languages, computer studies, shorthand/typing and office skills, business administration/management, arts and cultural subjects. Some people go to practical classes like dress-making or car-maintaining but many go for pleasure to do ballet dancing, to lean how to arrange flowers artistically, or to learn a foreign language. Others join classes organized by the Workers’ Educational Association and enjoy listening to lectures and discussing subjects like philosophy.
10. What is outing? When do people usually go on outings? 11. What activities are counted as cultural entertainment?
- Language - Sentence Patterns Numerals Cardinal (how many?)
1 000 one thousand (a thousand) 2 000 two thousand 1 000 000 one million (a million) 2 372 538 two million three hundred and seventy-two thousand five hundred and thirty-six
Ordinal (which?)
Dates в 1990 році - in nineteen hundred в 1909 році - in nineteen nine in nineteen o (ou) nine в 1970 році - in nineteen seventy Слово year ставиться перед числівником: in the year nineteen seventy 17 вересня – on the seventeenth of September
Exercise 1. Read the following numbers: 41, 62, 89, 97, 17, 125, 796, 450, 1820, 25 129, 49 357, 151 583, 1 352 765, 2/3, ¼ , 5/6.
Exercise 2. Translate into English: 9 травня 1945 року, 7 січня 1977 року, 5 серпня 1986 року, до 31 січня 1971 року, в липні 1999 року. 25 км., 175 000 людей, 3 500 студентів, 8790 книг, 3 75 285 машин, 17 слів, 30 годин, 19 кімнат, 90 сторінок, 0,5 кг.
Prepositions of time
Exercise 1. Read the poem
Exercise 2. Fill in the prepositions: 1. Don’t come late. Come … nine o’clock. 2. What time is it? It is half … six. 3. We are going to leave … a quarter … ten. 4. It is twelve o’clock now. Come here in ten minutes, ten minutes … twelve. 5. Is it a quarter … three? 6. We must work … eight … five o’clock. 7. The train arrives … ten. Time There are twenty four hours in a day. Each day begins with sunrise and ends with sunset. The time of the sunrise is morning and the time of the sunset is evening. Morning is the time between sunrise and the noon. Noon is twelve o’clock in the daytime. Sometimes we call it midday. Afternoon is the time between twelve and five or six o’clock in the evening. Then comes evening and night. Twelve o’clock at night is midnight. People have a clock or a watch to tell the time. There are 60 minutes in an hour and there are 60 seconds in a minute. Half an hour equals 30 minutes. A quarter of an hour equals 15 minutes. What is the time? – Котра година? It is nine o’clock – Дев’ять годин It is half past nine. – Пів на десяту It is a quarter past nine. - Четверть на десяту It is five past nine. – П’ять хвилин на десяту It is ten (minutes) to nine . – Без десяти хвилин дев’ять It is a quarter to nine. – Без четверті дев’ять My watch is fast . – Мій годинник спішить My watch is (five minutes) slow. – Мій годинник запізнюється на п’ять хвилин My watch is correct. – Мій годинник йде правильно It is ten sharp. – Рівно десять.
IX. Practice Exercise 1. Tell what time is it now:
6.47; 12.01; 11.30; 20.05; 18.16; 5.35; 21.10; 7.15.
Exercise 2. Read the following dialogue: - What time is it now? It’s half past 10 by my watch. And by mine it’s only a quarter past ten. Your watch is 15 minutes slow, I am afraid. Then it’s time to leave. It’s late.
Exercise 3. Complete the dialogues: What’s the exact time? ……….. Are you sure your watch is right? ……… Then it’s time for me to leave.
………. It’s 2 sharp. ………. No, I am not going to the University today. It’s my day off. And what’s about you? Are you having classes today? ………. What time are they starting? ……….. It’s only 12 now. Let’s go and have coffee.
X. Language Sentence Patterns Illustrative Examples It is cold. Is it cold? Yes, it is. No, it is not cold today. It is warm. What time is it? It is five o’clock. What date is it today? It is the 7th of February. What day is it today? It is Monday. What month is it? It is October. Is it far from there? No, it is not. It is near. It is easy to get there.
Vocabulary to be learnt
Grammar The Impersonal it
XI. Practice Grammar. The Seasons and the Weather There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter- Every season lasts about three months. Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. It is cold in winter and it often snows. There is much snow on the ground. It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold. But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a bright sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, but it is not so warm as in spring yet. Spring comes at the end of March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the days become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, even the people look younger. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. Most people say that spring is the best season of the year. At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of it, it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. Of course in spring it is much warmer than in winter but it is not so warm as in summer. Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer it gets light early in the morning and it gets dark late in the evening. In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It often rains but the rain is warm and does not last long. Most people have their holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. It is not pleasant to stay in town in summer, and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football. We enjoy our holidays if the weather is fine. After summer comes autumn. Autumn is a beautiful season. Many people say that autumn is the most beautiful season of the year. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is still warm and the trees are getting yellow and red. They look so beautiful. There are a lot of brown, yellow and red leaves everywhere in the ground. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November it often rains. Sometimes it even snows. It gets windy. There appear dark clouds in the sky. Of course it is not so cold as in winter yet, but we know that winter is coming. It is more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside. Some people say that is the worst time of the year.
What is the weather like today? What weather are we having today? - Яка сьогодні погода? It is raining (snowing). It is freezing hard. It is going to rain (to snow). It is getting warmer (colder). The weather is fine (bad, warm, cold, rainy, sunny, coldly, windy) It is warm (cold) today. It is raining hard (fast). It looks like rain – Схоже на дощ. It is cloudly today. - Сьогодні пасмурно What a lovely day! – Який гарний день . It keeps fine. - Стоїть хороша погода/ The weather is going to change for the better (worse).
XIII. Practice Exercise 1. Read, learn and act out the following dialogues: - What is the weather like today? Very cold, the temperature is well below zero, a very chilly wind is vlowing. I am not going out that case. I hate cold. You are right. It was so frosty yesterday that we stayed indoors the whole day. - How do you find the climate in Kyiv? Oh, I like it very much. It’s rather warm, dry and sunnyhave such weather here? Unfortunately not. Last summer was awful. And what’s the weather like in Kyiv in winter?
It’s not usually very cold, though sometimes the temperature in Kyiv is minus 10° - minus 12.
Exercise 2. Role-play the following situations: Situation 1. Your friend lives in Kharkiv. Ask him questions about the climate in his native town. Situation 2. Your friend has just come from Italy. Ask him about the climate of this country. Discuss the climatic differences of Ukraine and Italy. Situation 3. You are going to visit your relatives. You ring them up about your arrival. Spaek about weather forecast for tomorrow.
Exercise 3. 1. Describe your favourite season. 2. Describe the climate of your native town.
I. Language Sentence Patterns Illustrative Examples Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Is Ukraine washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t Ukraine is not washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. What is Ukraine washed by? Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
Vocabulary to be learnt
Grammar Passive Voice
Text A IV. Practice Political System of Ukraine Ukraine is a sovereign state. On June 16, 1990 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine. On August 24,1991, Ukraine’s independence and the formation of the independent state of Ukraine was proclaimed by the Ukrainian Parliament. On December 1,1991, an all-Ukrainian referendum was held , involving 84.18 percent of citizens. Winning 61.6 percent of the votes, L.Kravchuk, the former head of the Verkhovna Rada, was elected President of Ukraine. In 1994 L.Kuchma won the Presidential elections and became the new President of Ukraine. A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. It is a democratic state, which is ruled by the law. It includes 24 administrative regions and the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea. Ukraine has its own Constitution, which was adopted in 1996. The Constitution of Ukraine consists of 15 chapters (161 articles). The day of its adoption (June, 28, 1996) is a state holiday – the Day of the Constitution of Ukraine. The political system of Ukraine is really democratic. The powers of the Government are divided into legislative, executive and judicial. The President is the head of the state. He is elected for a term of five years. The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Verkhovna Rada. It carries out domestic and foreign policy of the state. The Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. It includes 450 deputies who are elected for a term of four years. The Verkhovna Rada adopts the State Budget and controls the execution of it. Judicial power in Ukraine is led by the Supreme Court. There are very many political parties in Ukraine. The main parties are: the Social Democratic Party, the People’s Rukh of Ukraine, the Batkivshchyna, the Communist Party, the Women of Ukraine. The National Emblem of Ukraine is a Golden Tryzub (trident) on a blue shield. The National Flag of Ukraine is a rectangular cloth with two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper colored blue and the lower golden yellow. The National Anthem has been performed since January 1992 (music by M.M.Verbytsky). The National Holiday, Independence Day, is celebrated on August 24. Now Ukraine establishes new relations with countries throughout the world. It sets direct contacts with them signing agreement and treaties.
Exercise 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following: a) to elect b) to divide c) to rule d) to carry out e) the Supreme Court f) the national anthem g) domestic policy h) to be accountable to i) foreign policy Exercise 2. Give English equivalents for the following: j) суверенна держава k) незалежність l) президентські вибори m) законодавча влада n) виконавча влада o) судова влада p) приймати (про закон) q) державне свято r) проголошувати
Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements: a) On August 24, 1991, Ukraine’s independence was proclaimed by the Ukrainian Parliament b) The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is the only body of the executive power. c) Ukraine includes 24 administrative regions and the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea. d) The powers of the government are divided into legislative, executive and judicial. e) The National Holiday, Independence Day, is celebrated on August 28. f) In 1993 L.Kuchma won the Presidential elections and became the President of Ukraine. g) L.Kravchuk was the first President of Ukraine.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions: 1. When did the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine pass the Declaration of State Sovereignty. 2. By whom was Ukraine’s independence proclaimed? 3. What event took place in Ukraine on December 1, 1991? 4. Who was elected the first President of Ukraine? 5. When did L.Kuchma become the President of Ukraine? 6. How many regions does Ukraine include? 7. How are the powers of the government divided into? 8. What is the National Emblem of Ukraine? 9. Who was a music to the National Anthem written by? 10. When is Independence Day celebrated? 11. When is the Day of the Constitution of Ukraine celebrated?
VI. Practice Exercise 5. Speak on the topic “Political System of Ukraine” . Use the chart:
VII. Practice Exercise 1. Role – play the following situations: Situation 1. Paula Smith, a British guide of the Ukrainian students in London is going to visit Ukraine. She is interested in information on Ukraine. Answer her questions on geographical position, history, natural resources of Ukraine. Situation 2. A student of the Law faculty is taking an exam in the Constitutional Law of Ukraine. He has difficulty with the question about the political structure of Ukraine. The teacher asks him questions and helps to reveal the question about the political system of Ukraine. Situation 3. A young businessman has a possibility to invest money in the development of our country. He is interested in Ukrainian industry. Prove him that investing money in the development of industry will give a profit. Tell him about the main industrial centres of Ukraine. Useful expressions: I’d like to say a few words about – я б хотів сказати декілька слів про … ; As I know – як відомо; I think that – я думаю що; Quite on the contrary – навпаки; Certainly – звичайно; (Could) Can I ask you – чи можу я вас запитати; I want to give a few examples to prove it – я б хотів навести декілька прикладів,щоб довести це; As far as I know – наскільки мені відомо; I am interested in – мене цікавить; What can you say about – що ви можете сказати про …; You are welcome – будь ласка; Thank you – дякую .
VIII. Comprehension
Listen to the text C. Be sure that you know the following words and word combinations. the core – центр remnants – залишки medieval church - середньовічні церкви scenic city - живописне місто vegetation – рослинність to resemble - бути схожим residents – жителі Galicia - Галичина Principality of Galicia-Volhynia - галицько-волинське князівство Mickiewicz square – площа Міцкевича Horodetska Street – вулиця Городецька The Lychakiv Cemetry – Личаківське кладовище The Janiv Cemetry – Янівське кладовище Vysoky Zamok – Високий замок St.Nickola’s Church – церква Святого Миколая The Chapel of Three Saints – Церква Трьох Святих Byzantine Romanesque Style - візантійсько-романський стиль Renaissance architecture - - архітектура доби Ренесанс
Lviv Lviv, the historical capital of Galicia and Western Ukraine, and after Kyiv, the second cultural, political, and religious center of Ukraine. By population it is the seventh-largest city in Ukraine. Lviv was founded in the mid-13th century by Prince Danylo Romanovych near Zvenyhorod which had been named after his son Lev. In 1260s, Lviv became the capital of the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia. It stretched as far as the Poltva River. Today Lviv has an area of 155 sq km. The core is the city of the 14th to 18th centuries. The core is densely built up with tall stone buildings, many of them in their original style. The most imposing part of Lviv includes Shevchenko prospect, Mickiewicz square, and Horodetska street, with many public buildings, hotels, cafes, stores and banks in 19th- and 20th-century styles. Lviv is a very scenic city with a varied vegetation. There are a lot of picturesque parks in the city. The Lychakiv Cemetery, which contains some famous monuments to noted Ukrainian and Polish residents of Lviv, and the Yaniv Cemetery with other 200 graves of fighters for Ukraine's independence, resemble parks. The oldest monument in Lviv consists of the foundation and walls of St. Nickolas's Church, built by Prince Lev Danylovych in the 13th century. The remnants of Vysoky Zamok date back to the 13th century. There is a great number of the medieval churches built in the Byzantine Romanesque style in Lviv. Lviv is the only city in Ukraine that still has some original Renaissance architecture. The finest examples of the style are the Dominican Church and the Chapel of Three Saints and some other buildings. The main monuments in the city ore to A.Mickiewicz, I.Franko, V.Stefanyk, I.Fedorovych. Lviv is the leading scientific and cultural center of western Ukraine. It has a number of research institutes with high reputation, higher educational establishments, theaters and libraries. Exercise 1. Find the right ending of the sentence:
1. in the 15th century by Prince Danylo Romanovych 2. in the 10th century by Yaroslav the Wise 3. in the 13th century by Prince Danylo Romanovych
a) 1260s b) 1564s c)1263s 3. The most imposing part of Lviv includes: 1. Shevchenko square, Mickiewich street, Horodetsky prospect 2. Shevchenko prospect, Mickiewich square and Horodetska Street 3. Shevchenko street and Mickiewich square 4. The oldest monument in Lviv consists of … I. the walls of St.Peter’s Church II. the foundation and walls of St.Nickolas’s church III. the Chapel of Three Saints
1. the 15th century 2. the 13th century 3. the 16th century
a) the center of ship-building and textile industry b) the leading scientific and cultural center of western Ukraine c) the leading scientific and cultural center of eastern Ukraine
IX . Supplementary II. Practice Exercise 1. Express your agreement with the following statements. Use the phrases: Exactly so Sure(ly ), I agree with you, It is really so, Of course
1. The red rose is the national emblem of England. 2. Britain’s democratic system of government has provided remarkable political stability. 3. The Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. 4. The British cotton industry is centered in Lancashire. 5. Members of the House of Commons receive a salary for their parliamentary work. 6. The warm currents in the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. 7. “The Englishman’s home is his castle” is saying known all over the world. 8. In the House of Lords there is the woolsack upon the Lord Chancellor sits as Speaker of the House.
Exercise 2. Object to the following statements as in the model . Use one of the following phrases: On the contrary, It is not quite so; I can’t agree with you, You are wrong
Model: 1. The island of Great Britain consists of four main parts. 2. The British Isles are separated from the European Continent by the Atlantic Ocean. 3. The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Lords. 4. The Queen reigns and she rules in Great Britain. 5. There are great forests in the British Isles today. 6. The climate of the British Isles is generally cold.
Exercise 3. Express your surprise and give short affirmative (negative) answers as in the Model.
Model : 1. There are high mountains in Great Britain . 2. The Government is formed by the party with majority support in the Commons. 3. Textile and clothing make a substantial contribution to the British economy. 4. Britain forms the greater part of the British Isles. 5. Considerable progress was made in agriculture. 6. There is no place like home, the English say.
Model:
Text A VI. Practice VII. Practice VIII. Reading Text C Great Britain is known to be a highly developed industrial country. There are so-called “old” branches of industry which appeared in the period of industrial revolution and “modern” branches that appeared only after the Second World War. Coal-mining is said to be a traditional , “old” branch of industry. It is to be found in Wales, in the Cumberland Mountains, in the south of Scotland, and in the northern part of England. Metal industry, including production of steel and non-ferrous metals such as aluminium and other colour metals, is known to have been developing in Scotland, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, in Wales and other areas of the country. Britain’s chemical industry is the third largest in Europe . Nearly half of its production is exported. Natural gas is known to be a good raw material for chemical industry. Chemical industry, especially production of synthetic fibres and plastics, is being developed on a large scale in Wales, in Liverpool, in the mouth of the Thames, in Scotland, in the south of England. Engineering is the main branch of industry in Great Britain. Britain is the Western world’s largest producer of agricultural tractors, many of which are exported. London, Birmingham, Coventry are known to be the most important centres of motor-car construction. The Greater London, Bristol are the leading centres of aviation industry. The British aerospace industry is the third largest in the world. Its products include civil and military aircraft and satellites. Rolls-Royce is one of the world’s three largest aero-engine manufacturers. Glasgow, Newcastle, Belfast are the biggest ship-building centres. Among the modern branches are electroengineering, electronic, machine-tool industries which can be found in the Greater London, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool and many other big and little towns of Great Britain. Halifax is known to be a machine-tool construction centre producing equipment for electric power industry. Textile industry with the centres in Yorkshire and Landshire is considered to be one of the oldest in Great Britain. The clothing industry, one of the largest in Europe, meets about two-thirds of domestic demand and the woolen industry is one of the world’s largest. Light industry and first of all clothing, footwear, knitting wear and hosiery are developed in Leeds, Nottingham, Manchester, London, Glasgow, Belfast. Light industry goods are of good qualty. Nottingham, Lester and Derby are known to be the most important centres of footwear industry. Many enterprises of food industry are situated in the large industrial centres such as London, Belfast, Liverpool, Bristol as well as in other centres and also in some rural areas. Britain has an open economy in which international trade plays a vital part. About one-quarter of its domestic product comes from the export of goods and services.
IX. Comprehension. Exercise 1. Find the right ending of the sentence. I. Among the modern branches are …. - textile industry - metal industry including production of steel and non-ferrous metal - aerospace, electronic and machine tool industries II. the British aerospace industry is the … 1. largest in the world 2. third largest in the world 3. second largest in Europe III. The Western world largest producer of agricultural tractors is … 1. Britain 2. France 3. Canada IV. The leading centres of aviation industry are … 1. Newcastle and Birmingham 2. London and Sheffield 3. Greater London and Bristol V. Nottingham, Lester and Derby are known to be the most important centres of … 1. footwear industry 2. metal industry 3. chemical industry
Exercise 2. Agree or disagree with the following statements: 1. Aerospace, electronic and machine-tool industries are traditional branches of industry 2. Britain’s chemical industry is the first largest in Europe. 3. The British cotton textile industry is centered in Lincolnshire. 4. Engineering is the basic branch of industry in Great Britain . 5. Birmingham, Sheffield and Manchester are the main ship-building centers.
Exercise 3. Ask questions to get answers: 1. About one- quarter. 2. Coal-mining and textile industry 3. Glasgow, Newcastle and Belfast are 4. After the Second World War 5. In Wales, Scotland in the Cumberland Mountains 6. The woolen industry
X. Supplementary Text A Science and Technology Nobel prizes for science have been awarded to 70 British citizens, a greater number than for any other country apart from the United States. Spending on scientific research and development in 1988 was about £10,300 million, 2-2 percent of gross domestic product. The Government takes responsibility for funding research in basic science. The Science and Engineering Research Council supports fundamental research in pure and applied science, including engineering. With the other research councils, it is setting up interdisciplinary research centres. The Medical Research Council supports major projects in all types of disease, including Alzheimer's disease and AIDS. The earth's resources, the oceans and the atmosphere are the concern of the Natural Environment Research Council. The Agricultural and Food Research Council supports work on crops and livestock. The Government supports university research through the Universities Funding Council. Research on nuclear power is the responsibility of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, which also offers a contract research service to industry. The Ministry of Defense’s share of government research expenditure has fallen to some 45 per cent. Increasing emphasis is placed on its research funded jointly with industry. "Spin-off" from defense technology to the civil market is encouraged. British firms and academic institutions participate in European Community and other international programs. Industry is the second major source of funds for research and development. There have been major advances in the development of optical fibre communications, systems. The pharmaceutical industry accounted for 10 per cent of manufacturing industry's research and development expenditure in Britain in 1989. British firms make 11 of the world's 50 best-selling medicines. In aerospace British companies play a major role. Text B The Arts The Government sets the arts budget for a three-year period so that arts bodies can plan ahead and diversify their sources of funding. The Government encourages arts bodies to seek funds from the private sector. The British Council furthers knowledge of British culture and the English language overseas. It initiates or supports tours by British companies and artists. London is a major international centre for theatre, opera and dance. There are many important companies and theatres outside the capital. The Royal National Theatres stages classical and modern plays. The Shakespeare Festival takes place in April. People flock to Stradford and pack its theatre. On the 23rd of April – the Bardic Birthday – representatives of all nations walk from the theatre and stand under their national flag in Bridge Street. A procession goes to the Birthplace - the house where Shakespeare is said to have been born. The Royal Shakespeare Company performs both at Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare’s birthplace, and in London. The Royal Opera, Covent Garden, and the English National Opera are the main London opera companies. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own . British pop musicians and groups have worldwide appeal and have set new trends. Some 650 professional arts festivals take place each year. The Edinburgh International Festival is the largest of its kind in the world. British films, actors and the creative and technical services which support them are acclaimed at international film festivals. The industry also produces films for television. About 2,500 museums and art galleries include the major national museums, with world-famous artistic, archeological, scientific and historical collections. The Queen’s Gallery in Buckingham Palace shows pictures from the royal collection. Many of Britain’s great private houses (some open to the public), of prime architectural interest, also contain art treasures. A network of free public and other institutional and private libraries helps to maintain the vast wealth of English literature and culture. The British Library, Britain’s national library, is one of the world’s three largest.
Text C Text D Sport and Recreation Interest in sports and recreations, such as basketball, darts, skiing, athletics and snooker, has increased, thanks partly to extensive coverage on television. More people participate in sport, mainly because of the increase in leisure time and facilities, greater mobility and improvements in living standards. It is estimated that 25 million people over the age of 13 regularly take part in sport or exercise. Walking, including rambling and hiking, is followed in popularity by swimming, football, golf, keep fit and yoga, athletics, angling, squash and badminton. Britain has pioneered facilities for sports for disabled people. Disabled athletes are encouraged to participate either in direct competition with able-bodied athletes or in parallel events. Wimbledon, one of the four grand slam tennis tournaments, is the world's premier grass court tournament. The British Open Golf championship attracts enormous interest. In horseracing there are five classics flat races — the Derby, the Oaks, the Two Thousand Guineas, the One Thousand Guineas and the St Leger. One of the world's principal sailing events is the regatta at Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Rowing events include the Oxford and Cambridge University boat race and Henley regatta, both on the Thames. In 1990 England were World Cup soccer semi-finalists. The Government has worked closely with the football authorities and the government of other European countries to combat spectator violence. Legislation severely restricts access to alcohol at matches. The National Football Intelligence Unit, set up in 1989, co-ordinates police information about football hooligans and strengthens liaison with overseas police forces. The use of closed-circuit television on all Football League grounds has helped the police to identify lawbreakers.
Language Sentence patterns
Illustrative examples I can speak English I cannot speak English Can I speak English? Yes, you can. No, you cannot (can’t) We could drive on the left in England We could not drive on the left in Kiev. Could we drive on the left in England? Yes, we could. No, we could not (couldn’t) He may come later. He may not come later. May he come later? Yes, he may. No, he may not. No, he mustn’t They might show us the city. Might they show us the city? Yes, they might. No, they might not. She must come in time. She must not (mustn’t) come in time. Must she come in time? Yes, she must. No, she must not. No, she needn’t.
Grammar II. Language Sentence Patterns Key examples to be memorized
Illustrative examples We have been to the South this year. Have you been to the South this year? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. I haven’t been to the South yet. I haven’t seen him since 1996. Have you bought this dictionary or taken it from the library? I have bought it this week. Where have you bought it? I have bought it at the book shop in the center of the city. Who has seen this performance? I have (she, he has)
The Present Perfect Tense
Been to Kyiv visited this museum met him there seen this performance used their visit card arrived on time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| II | I He She We You They | have have has has have have | not | seen her informed us appeared returned come back sung | today this week this month this year lately recently | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise 2. Express your agreement with the following statements. Use the phrases: Sure(ly) , It is really so. Certainly. You are right. I agree with you.
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Fifteen centuries have already passed over Kyiv ancient hills.
A lot of new residential districts have risen recently in Kyiv: Obolon, Borshchagivke, Rusanovka etc.
Darnitsa has just appeared before the eyes of the group of the tourists.
Our foreign guests have never visited this performance at the Opera and Ballet theatre.
We have walked along the central districts of the city today.
Some 10 thousand people have admired the concert in the open this Sunday.
She has left some notes about her visit to London.
Impressions of London
(a letter to my friend Galina)
Dear Galina!
Here I am in London on a fine summer morning. Have you received my post-card? I hope you have as I posted it at the airport as soon as we landed.
I’ve never before lived in a big city, so London is a new world for me, and I’m going to find out more about it. What I have already learnt is that London the capital of UK is the largest city and the greatest port in the country. It is situated on the river Thames. The Romans founded London about 2000 years ago and called it Londinium. Since that time London has continued to grow in size and prosperity. About nine million people live in London in its four main parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The very centre of London is Trafalgar Square. You can see there Nelson’s Column with the statue of Admiral Nelson on the top. It is a monument to Admiral Nelson for his victories in the war against Napoleon. There is also the National Gallery exhibiting all schools of European paintings from 13th to the 19th century. The most magnificent building in London is St.Paul’s Cathedral built in 1675-1711 by famous architect Sir Christophor Wren. The Queen of UK has her residence at Buckingham Palace. At half past eleven there is the most colourful London ceremony – changing the guard there.
All the principle streets of London lead to the City. The City is the home of the Bank of England and many other big offices. Between Monday and Friday nearly half a million people come to work in the banks and offices. Only five thousand people live in the City and at weekends it seems empty. Three buildings are the heart of the City: the Mansion House where the Lord Mayor lives, the Royal Exchange, the Bank of England which the Londoners call “the old Lady of Threadneedle Street”.
I have already visited the Tower of London. It is now a museum, but it was a fortress, a royal palace, a state prison and even a Royal Low.
The Tower is guarded by the Yeomen-Warders, the famous “Beefeaters”, dressed up in traditional medieval clothes. They tell the visitors about the Tower, the famous ravens of the Tower – the symbol of it.
Westminster Abbey is another famous masterpiece of architecture. It is more than nine hundred years old, a church built in Gothic style. Westminster Abbey is the crowning and burial place of British monarchs. It has its world famed Poet’s Corner with memorials to Chauser, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Dickens, Rudyard Kipling and other leading writes. Only a few however, are actually buried there.
The Houses of Parliament are near Westminster Abbey. The Houses of Parliament is the seat of the British government. The clock tower near it is Big Ben. And I can’t but also mentioned the Queen Victoria Memorial which stands in front of Buckingham Palace (the residence of the English Queen). A statue to W. Shakespeare in Leister district and a wonderful monument to Lady Godiva. She protected Londoners from large taxes.
When you are tired of looking at places of interest you can rest in one of London’s beautiful parks: Hyde Park with Speaker’s Corner, Kensington Gardens with the Statue of Peter Pan (a boy, who never grew older). And yet Regent’s Park with the largest zoo, St.Jame’s Park where you can feed birds and animals.
Big red buses … London policemen … Buckingham Palace… Notting Hill Carnival … W.Cherchil monument – these and some other things you can find in London.
I’ve been in London for two weeks. There are still many places to see and many things to do. Parting with London will be sad for me as I have come to love this wonderful city and its responsive people. I hope I’ll come to London once again.
With love your friend Oksana
Exercise 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following:
to be situated
prosperity
residence
guard
Yeoman Warders (Beefeaters)
magnificent
colourful
unique
to call
to find out
to rest
Exercise 2. Give English equivalents to the following:
отримувати
рости в розмірах
перемога
архітектор
шедевр
церква
в’язниця
провідні письменники
Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following:
London stands on the river Thames.
The French soldiers founded London 3000 years ago.
The population of London is 3 million people.
The very centre of London is St. Jame’s Square.
The residence of the Queen of England is situated in Downing Street №10.
The City is the business centre of London.
London has the unique Speaker’s Corner in Hyde Park.
Only about five million people work in the City.
Yeoman Warders tell the visitors of the Tower and about the Tower’s famous black birds the ravens.
The Houses of Parliament is the seat of the British Government.
There are only men’s clubs in England.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:
Have you ever been to London?
Has London always impressed the newcomers?
London is a cultural centre, isn’t it?
What places of interest are there in London?
What does Trafalgar Square look like?
Where is the National Gallery? What is it famous for?
What do you know about St.Paul’s Cathedral?
Where is the residence of the Queen of UK? What ceremony can one see at Buckingham Palace?
What is the City of London?
What can you tell us about the Tower of London?
What is Westminster Abbey famous for?
What parks are there in London?
IV. Practice
Kherson
I have just returned from London. I must note that Britans have shown a keen interest to our young country, especially to my native town Kherson.
Tomorrow I’ m going to write a letter to my new friend John. I have looked through some books, guide books, inguiries about Kherson and I think I have the clearest idea of the subject. I guess he won’t be disappointed if he comes in spring or summer.
Kherson is a regional centre of the south of Ukraine with the population of about 400 thousand people. It is situated on the right bank of the Dnipro river. Kherson is a river and sea port.
Kherson was founded in 1778 as a fortress to defend Russian lands from Turkey by the order of Empress Katherine II. According to historical documents the founder of Kherson was Ivan Hanibal – A. S. Pushkin’s great grandfather.
Now about the present-day Kherson. The Dnipro river gives life to many businesses in Kherson. Kherson has the reputation of the town of shipbuilders, textile workers, hardworking agrarians. We can mention shipbuilding and shipreparing plants, cardan shaft plant, cotton mill, rubber goods plant, harvester works named after I.I.Petrovsky, sewing factory Krasen. But the most profitable enterprises in Kherson are oil refinery and sea port. They provide Kherson with thousands of working places and profit.
Young people can get education at 4 universities: technical, pedagogical, agricultural and marine universities; two marine colleges, technical specialized colleges, vocational training schools, secondary schools.
Cultural life can be represented by the Drama Theatre, the Fine Arts Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Youth Palace, Musical Schools, Gillega orchestra, Exhibition halls.
There are some beautiful monuments to T.Shevchenko, F.Ushakov, A.Suvorov, John Howard – English physician. And yet we have got a nice monument to the first shipbuilders situated on the enbankment of the Dnipro river. The enbankment of the Dnipro river is the usual place of entertainment of the youth. We are lucky to have two seas in the region: the Black Sea and the sea of Asov. These two seas give the residents of Kherson nice opportunities to rest and improve their health at rest-homes, health-resorts, camps. We can witness the rebuildings and restoring of some ancient buildings and churches thanks to Kherson public and members of the regional and civic charity centres. Rotary club is one of them. These actions became possible after 1991 when Ukraine got its independence.
It seems to me I have written about everything I wanted to inform you.
So far good bye, hope to hear from you soon and I look forward to meet you in Kherson and show you our town.
With love Ann.
Exercise 2. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following:
to defend
according to
to mention
profitable
enterprise
oil refinery
provide
physician
embankment
entertainment
to witness
church
charity
industrial amalgamation Kherson harvester works
Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Kherson is situated on the both banks of the Dnipro river
One can say that Kherson is a sea and river port like London.
Kherson has the reputation of the town with a lot of reputable banks.
The sewing factory “Krasen” has been the most profitable enterprise in Kherson since 1990s.
Young people can get higher education at 4 universities in Kherson.
Kherson can boast of beautiful monuments to I.Ushakov, T.Shevchenko, J.Howard.
A lot of foreign businessmen have already visited Kherson to sign agreements in industrial and cultural spheres this year.
The residents of Kherson always remember the soldiers perished in World War II.
Rest-homes, health-resorts, camps have provided Khersonites and guests with many possibilities to improve their health during summer holidays.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:
What is the population of Kherson?
When was Kherson founded?
Have you read about the founder of our town?
First Kherson existed as a military fortress to defend Russian lands from Turkey, didn’t it?
What can you say about industrial facilities of Kherson?
How can cultural life of Kherson be represented
Have you seen any beautiful monuments while walking round Kherson? What are they?
Have you visited one of the rest-homes on the Black Sea?
In what way can the residents of Kherson improve their health?
What have the Kherson public and members of the charity club done recently?
VI. Practice
Exercise 8. Role-play
Situation 1. Suppose you are a guide. Tell the tourists about the most interesting places of interest of interest in Kherson. Answer their questions.
Situation 2. Your friend from Poltava has come to Kherson. He wants to enter one of our Universities. He is also interested in industry where he can work after the graduation. Advise him the university worthly to enter and industry developed in our region.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
January , 1
New Year's Day
It is a bank holiday though many Britons do not celebrate on New Year's Eve. In Scotland New Year's Eve is called Hogmanay and is an occasion for joyous celebration. In London Scottish people gather on the steps of St. Paul's Cathedral and sing "Auld Lang Syne" at midnight.
April, 3
Easter
The word Easter owes its name and many of its customs to a pageant festival hold eostre which is the name of the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring time. Every spring European peoples celebrated the festival to honour the awakening of new life in nature.
Christians related the rising of the sun to the resurrection of Jesus and their old spiritual rebirth. This "holy" day is celebrated in many countries of the world.
November, 11.
Remembrance Day
This day is observed throughout the Commonwealth and dates back to November 11, 1918 when all fighting in the First World War ended. It now commemorates British soldiers, sailors and airmen who gave their lives in the two World Wars. Special services are held and wreaths are laid at the Cenotaph, a war memorial at Whitehall, where thousands of Londoners observe the two-minute silence and participate in the remembrance ceremony. Similar ceremonies are held throughout the country.
December, 25.
Christmas
In England Christmas is the most important of all the bank holidays of the year. It is celebrated much the same way as in the United States of America. On December 26, the Boxing Day, traditionally people give each other Christmas presents, which used to come in boxes. It is a very pleasant custom indeed.
* *
London remains one of the world's strongholds of pageantry much of which is centred on traditional observances connected with the Royal family. They are always attracting large crowds of spectators, native Londoners as well as foreign visitors. Here are two of them.
Trooping the Colour
This Ceremony is held on the Sovereign's official birthday in June. This is the most colourful of all London's annual events, a pageantry of rare splendour with the Queen riding side-saddled on a highly trained horse. On Horse Guards' Parade in Whitehall the Queen inspects the Brigade of Guards, dressed in ceremonial uniforms. Then comes the Trooping ceremony, followed by the March past of the Guards to the music of the bands. Specially noted should be the precision drill of the regiments.
New Year's Day
Most Americans spend the final hours of the old year and the first hours of the new year celebrating with their families or friends. Champagne — the drink that traditionally symbolizes an important event is often served for the midnight toast on New Year's Eve.
One of the noisiest celebrations takes place on the Times Square in New York City. The crowd, joined by millions of Americans across the country at their TV sets, watch the traditional Huge Apple (emblem of New York) strike midnight.
February, 12.
Lincoln's Birthday
February, 15.
Washington's Birthday
Americans consider birthdays of their outstanding citizens George Washington and Abraham Lincoln public holidays.
Washington is called "the father of the nation" for he was the first president of the United States of America. The capital of the country, Washington D. C., was named in his honour and was moved from Philadelphia.
Abraham Lincoln is considered by many the greatest of all American heroes. During his term as President the Civil War broke out. The most outstanding achievements of the Lincoln presidency were the preservation of the Union and the abolition of slavery.
May, 30.
Memorial Day
This day was first established to honour the dead in the war between the North and the South, a mournful remembrance of the fallen.
July, 4.
Independence Day
This is the most important holiday of the nation, which celebrates Ms birthday. On this day in 1776 the Continental Congress adopted the famous Declaration of Independence declaring the former British colonies free, thus founding the United States of America.
October, 19.
Columbus Day
Christopher Columbus, an Italian, discovered the American continents in 1492 by accident, while seeking a short route to Asia. Thus, he called the natives the Indians and the islands he explored, the West Indies which bear these names to this day. This event is widely celebrated in most Latin American countries as well. The District of Columbia was named in his honour as well as many cities, squares and streets.
November, 11.
Veteran's Day
This day, like Memorial Day, is a solemn occasion in honour of all American veterans of all wars. In many communities veterans march in parades, national flags are displayed, special ceremonies, observing two minute's silence, are held at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.
November, 24.
Thanksgiving Day
It is the oldest national holiday. The pilgrims, the first English settlers searching for religious freedom, came on May/lower to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts, in 1620. They suffered a very hard year. By the autumn of the next year assisted by the Indians they had a good harvest. And a feast was given of turkey corn and pumpkin pie to celebrate the harvest and give thanks to God for their survival. The old traditions of their feast are observed throughout the country today.
December, 25.
Christmas
Christmas is a great American and British festivity, very rich in custom and tradition — with Santa Claus, the decorating of the Christmas tree, of card sending and gift giving. It is celebrated as the birthday of Christ. Now it is becoming more and more a folk holiday. It has always been observed as a family affair.
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Урок 1
Контрольна вправа
Bed, lift, same, hand, sun, tune, try, free, fur, flat, born, spare, mute, try, my, note, pole, burn, mass, plus, dark, dare, bark, stone, spire, hide, home, wire, wore, study, hard, style, wide, type, store.
Урок 2
Читання голосних “і” та “ y ”
| i + ld, nd, gn, gh | ia, io | ir, yr | y/i + r + e |
| mild find sign light | via ion bias dial | first third myrtle thirst | fire tyre wire tired |
Ex.1. Прочитайте наступні слова:
child, wild, grind, mild, kind, find, behind, sign, design, assignment, alignmet, night, bright, fight, high, light, slide, lie, prize, giant, try, type, rely, spline
fire, bias, dial, trial, violet, spire, wire, tire, spiral, desire, entire, admire, via
first, third, circle, firm, birth, dirty
symbol, system, crystal, oxygen, plenty, party, easy, energy, carry, ordinary
yes, yet, yoke, yard, yellow, yield, yak, yank, yap, yarn, yaw, yawl, year, yearn, yearst, yelk, yellow, yelp, yen, yoke
field, brief, chief, piece, achieve, believe
Запам ’ятайте:
your science friend
young give live
Ex .2. Прочитайте наступні слова і поясніть правила читання букв “ i ” та “ y ”
Rise, lie, ride, ring, strike, reside, slight, grid, filament, combine, iron, imagine, incident, divide, velocity, shift, advice, decide, middle, quite, single, circus, final, mankind, fish, differ, bring, rye, syllable, shire, liquid.
Урок 3
Читання букви “a”
| Відкритий склад | Закритий склад | |||||
| ai, ay | a+r+e/ air | a+r; a+th | a+ f, s, n, + | a+u; a+w | a+ l+ приг. | w(h) + a |
|
|
| |||||
| pain play plait | pair care fare | part fast pass | because August law | all also talk | what was warn | |
Ex.1. Прочитайте наступні слова:
sail, paint, ray, may, railway, train, way, say, mail, retain, raise, pay, lay
hair, fair, spare, fare, bare, care, rare, air, dare, airport, prepare
arm, alarm, past, class, market, spart, demand, as, basket, plant, draft, fast, last, France
small, tall, ball, false, salt, stalk, befall, ward, warn, pause, fault, saw, raw, draw, dawn, lawn, call
Урок 4
Урок 5
Читання букви “o”
| oa | o + ld | o+ m,n,th,v | oo | oi, oy | ow | ou | our |
| [ ou ] | [ ou ] | [ ] | [ u: ] | [ oi ] | [ ou] | [ au ] | [aue ] |
| load boat goal | old cold hold | love son done | too good book | boy joy oil | grow show low power* | out round sound | our hour |
* - в кінці слова, в інших випадках
Запам’ятайте наступі винятки:
to [ tu ] both [ bou ]
do [ du ] over [ ouv ]
country [ k ntri ] your [ jo: ]
double [ ] four [ fo: ]
group [ gru:p ] pour [ po: ]
enough [ ] move [ mu:v ]
now [ nau ] cow [ kau ]
how [ hau ] allow [ e lau ]
Ex.1. Прочитайте наступні слова:
[ ou ] - mold, told, fold, golden, old
[ au ] - found, ground, outer, about, amount, profound
[ ou ] - flow, arrow, Moscow, fellow, narrow
[ u: ] - book, look, took, hook, rook, brook, tool, root
[ oi ] - oil, boil, point, toil, toy, boy, avoid, loyal
[ ] - glove, some, come, front, above, month
[ au ] - down, brown, tower, frown, flower
Ex .2. Прочитайте наступні слова і поясніть правила читання “o”
Boil, point, slow, moon, tool, work, other, above, hour, box, copper, doctor, revolve, pore, shore, choose, front, discover, ton, power, around, account, support, force, possible, common, constant, orange, noise, move, country, cool,total, load, ore, coal, road, show, now, become, grow, sound.
Урок 6
Урок 7
Читання букви “e”
| ee, ea | ie | ea + d, v, th, lth | В позаударному складі | ear + приголосна | ear, eer, e+r+ голосна | ew |
| [ i: ] | [ i: ] | [ e ] | [ i ] | [ : ] | [ ] | [ju:]/[u:] |
| feel beam meal feat | piece chief field shield | head heavy breath health | edit enemy medical | heard earth search | ear here mere sphere | new few grew |
Ex.1. Прочитайте наступні слова:
[ i: ] - meet, mean, me, see, he, clean, cheese, cheap, bean, beast, need, peace, beef, believe, peak, beat, sheet, reach, shield, seem, seed, weak, we, wheel, wheat, weep, green, dean.
[ e ] - bed, beg, check, breath, bread, death, feather, dead, fresh, help, thread, heather, wealth, ready
[ ] - her, term, earth, pearl, heard, earl, earn, hearse, search, serve, stern, reserve, nerve, perch.
[ ] - fear, ear, dear, bear, here, clear, shear, sheer
[ ju: ] - new, stew, dew, screw, pew, Newton, flew, blew, drew,
[ u: ] - clew
Ex .2. Прочитайте наступні слова і поясніть правила читання “e”
Set, serve, heavy, Pete, be, beard, free, here, even, clear, bed, beef, head, eagle, term, egg, lest, she, complete, severe, weep, least, prefer, seem, search, mere, lead, green, get, reserve, nerve, dear, health, theme, defect, emit, heat, defense, death, bread, feel.
Урок 8
Урок 9
Урок 10
Читання букви “u”
| Відкритий склад після | ur | ur + голосна | Відкритий склад | Закритий склад |
| [ u: ] | [ ] | [ jue ] | [ ju: ] | [ ] |
| blue rule june | burn turn burst | cure pure dure | tube tune due | cut mud up |
Запам’ятайте читання слів:
put [ put ] bush [ bu ]
pull [ pul ] sugar [ ]
push [ ] truth [ ]
full [ful ] built [ bilt ]
Ex.1. Прочитайте наступні слова:
[ ] – up, cut, plus, judge, hundred, current, structure, subject, upper, sudden, conduct, construct, discuss, result
[ ] – fur, turn, further, furnish, surface, furniture, furnace, return, burn
[ ] – due, use, unit, rule, blue, true, suit, fruit, future,
[ ] – union, universe, produce, include, huge, duty, cube, unite, music
[ ] – pure, cure, fuel, durable, during, curious
Ex .2. Прочитайте наступні слова і поясніть правила читання букви “ u ”
Industry, consume, compute, suggest, sue, subtract, trust, thunder, suction, tutor, urgent, gulf, sunburn, sulfur, truck, lure, pule, ruction, pump, turner, lurch, puncture, purchase, purse, purpose.
The Verb “ TO HAVE” in the Indefinite Tenses
| Affirmative (стверджувальна форма) | Interrogative (питальна) | Negative (заперечна) | |
     Present
| I have he she has it you we have they | Have I … ? He Has she … ? it you Have we … ? they | I have not (haven’t) he she has not (hasn’t) it you we have not they (haven’t) |
   Past
| I he she it had you we they | I he she Had it … ? you we they | I he she it had not you ( hadn’t) we they |
   Future
| I , we shall have he she it will have you they | Shall I, we have. … ? he she Will it have …? you they | I, we shall not have he she it will not have you (won’t) have they |
Illustrative Examples
I have a book.
Have you a book? Yes, I have. No, I have not.
I have no book.
I haven’t any book.
I have got a journal.
Have you got a journal? Yes, I have got. No, I have not got.
I have not got a journal.
He has many dictionaries.
How many dictionaries has he?
We had many classes yesterday.
Had you English or Spanish classes yesterday?/ Did you have English or Spanish classes yesterday?
We had English classes yesterday.
Who had many classes yesterday? We had.
You had an English class yesterday, hadn’t you?/ You had an English class yesterday, didn’t you?
Yes, I had. No I had not. No, I hadn’t./ Yes I did.
They will have a meeting at the library tomorrow.
Will they have a meeting tomorrow?
Yes, they will have. No, they will not (won’t) have.
When will they have a meeting?
Where will they have a meeting?
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Affirmative
+
Affirmative
+
The Present Indefinite Tense
Secondary school 
Professional school 
Technical school 
Lyceum 
Russian Excellent Good Fair 
Ukrainian Excellent Good Fair 
English Excellent Good Fair 
Single 
to go in for - займатися
I
You have returned
We
They
He has returned
She