I.THE WAYS OF FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES

UNIT 3 ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ ( THE ADJECTIVE) / НАРЕЧИЕ. ( THE ADVERB)

Все прилагательные делятся на 3 класса:

                     

Простые (simple)	Производные(derivative)	Составные (Compound)
good	beautiful	snow-white
red	foolish	deaf-mute
new	hopeless	cold-hearted
unkind	four-wheeled

                                                                                    

ADJECTIVES FORMED WITH SUFFIXES:

Many adjectives related to verbs or nouns have a characteristic ending (or suffix):  We enjoyed the party. - The party was very enjoyable.

-able (capable of being)                                                manageable

-ful (full of)                                                                      boastful

-ic                                                                                      energetic

-ive (capable of being)                                                   attractive

-ant                                                                                     hesitant

-ible (like - able)                                                              permissible, likable

-(i)an (historical period, etc.)                                         Victorian

-ish (having the quality of)                                           foolish, reddish

-ly (having this quality)                                                 friendly

-ous                                                                                      humorous

-al                                                                                       occasional

And note -ing forms used as adjectives: running water.

ADJECTIVES FORMED WITH PREFIXES:

A prefix (e.g. im-) added to an adjective generally has a negative effect:

I think it's possible to solve the problem. I think it's impossible to solve the problem

un-                   uncooked, unimaginable

in-                    incapable, inhuman

dis-                   dishonest, disagreeable

dis-                   dishonest, disagreeable

Префикс in перед L превращается в IL  —illegal, illegible

              перед M; P превращается в IM — immoral, impractical

                перед R превращается в IR — irresponsible, irregular

I.THE WAYS OF FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES

1. Simple adjectives connected with weather display as well as natural (or physic)formations are formed from the corresponding nouns by adding suffix -y

wind- windy; sand— sandy(песчаный );

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ : WOOL-WOOLEN; WOOD-WOODEN

2. The compound adjectives of measurement are formed by combining numbers with nouns in the singular to form compound adjectives with hyphens: a twenty-year-old man (not "a twenty-years-old man"). This kind of adjectives can refer to:

- age         a three-year-old building

- volume   a two-litre car

- length     a twelve-inch ruler

- price       a $50 dress (a fifty-dollar dress)

- weight   a five-kilo bag
-area      a fifty-acre farm

- duration a four-hour meeting

- depth      a six-foot hole

- time/distance  a ten-minute walk.

3. The adjective of quality is formed by the suffix ent(ant). As rule they are formed from the noun having suffix - ence(ance) .

 If the adjective of quality is formed from simple noun,  the suffix –ful and less (with the negative meaning) are used

mercy — merciful — merciless.

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ : INSIST -INSISTENT

If the adjective of quality is formed from noun, ending ity the suffix –-ble is used

PRACTICE

 Ex. 1. Form adjectives from the given words with the help of the suffixes.

Use, frost, rain, rock, fog, snow, ice, sun, noise, speed, nature, hope, art, truth,  possibility, beauty, insist, significance, shame.

Ex. 3. Rewrite the following sentences using compound adjectives.

1. The car costs twenty thousand dollars. It is a twenty-thousand-dollar car.

2. The woman is seventy years old. She's_______________________________ .

3. The trip lasted two days. It was_________________________________ .

4. The farm is eighty hectares. It's____________________________________ .

5. The baby is three months old. It is a________________________ .

6. The parcel weighs two kilos. It's______________________________________ .

7. The jar contains three litres. It's_____________________________________ .

8. I live not far from the University. It takes me 10 minutes to walk there. It is_________________________

9. The fence is twenty miles. It's____________________________________________________________ .

10. The road is seventy kilometres. It's_____________________________________ .

 

II. WORD ORDER: ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together: There was a beautiful large round wooden table in the kitchen. adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give us objective information about, size, colour, etc. Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell what someone thinks of something.

OPINION — SIZE — AGE — SHAPE— COLOUR — ORIGIN — MATERIAL — NOUN

a wonderful                 old                       green         Chinese   handmade— carpet

PRACTICE

Ex. 1. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position.

Example: a modern house (attractive) - an attractive modern house

1. a girl (pretty; young)____________________________________________________________________

2. a man (young; handsome)_______________________________________________________________

3. a cupboard (kitchen ;oak)_______________________________________________________________

4. bag (leather; brown)____________________________________________________________________

5. an film (American ;old) _________________________________________________________________

6. eyes (blue ;big)________________________________________________________________________

7. a day (rainy; cold)_____________________________________________________________________

8. a bath (hot ;nice)______________________________________________________________________

9. an coat (worn; old) ____________________________________________________________________

10. a car (red ;old; little)____________________________________________________________________

11. a watch (small/antique) _________________________________________________________________

12. a little village (old; gold ;lovely)___________________________________________________________

13. eye-lashes (long ;black; thick)____________________________________________________________

14. an mansion (stone; old ;English)__________________________________________________________

PRACTICE

 Ex. 1. Supply adjectives or adverbs in the following sentences.

I. (smooth/smoothly) The child's skin feels _____.Everything went_____. 2. (good/well)  You cook______.Your cooking is_____ 3.. (bad/badly) The water smells_____.The film ended______. 4. (nice/nicely) She looked_____ He answered_____. 5. Please, shut the door (quiet/ quietly). 6. Can you be (quiet/ quietly), please? 7. This soup tastes (nice/ nicely). 8. Tom cooks very (good/ well). 9. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look (safe/ safely). 10. We were relieved that he arrived (safe/ safely) after his long journey. 11. Do you feel (nervous/ nervously )before examinations. 12. Hurry up! You are always so (slow/ slowly).13. He looked (angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him.

FARTHER — FURTHER

FARTHER refer to distance:      London is five miles farther.
FURTHER means "in addition": There is no further information.

ELDER— OLDER

ELDER ONLY before a nouns only with reference to people in a family. NEVER used in the COMPARATIVE construction :

 my elder brother/son, the eldest child,

OLDER in the COMPARATIVE construction

: □ He is older than I am.

This book is older.

LESS-LESSER

LESS — the COMPARATIVE form of LITTLE

LESSER is formed from less but is not a true comparative. We cannot say lesser than after it.

Lesser means "not so great" and we use it in fixed phrases like: the lesser of two evils.

LATEST — THE LAST

LATEST (последний = недавний )

□ I bought the latest (i.e. most recent) edition of this magazine. We will get the next one in a month.

□ Я купила последний выпуск этого журнала. Следующий будет через месяц..

□ LAST — последний по очереди;

□ I bought the last (i.e. final) edition of today's paper. None of them are left

□ Я купила последнюю газету из это тиража. Больше не осталось.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ СРАВНЕНИЯ

as like as two pears — похожи как две капли воды

as like as two peas — как две капли воды;

as flat as a pancake — плоский как блин;

as black as coal — черный как сажа = мрачнее тучи;

as light as feather — легкий как пушинка;

as regular as clockwork — точный как часы;

as blind as a bat — слепой как летучая мышь;

as blind as a mole — слепой как крот

as silent as a grave — безмолвный как могила;

as happy as a king — довольный как слон;

as cunning as a fox — хитрый как лиса;

as busy as bee — трудолюбивый как пчела;

as poor as a church mouse — бедный как церковная мышь;

as fit as a fiddle — здоров как нельзя лучше;

as pretty as aт angel— прекрасный как ангел;

as drunk as a sailor — пьяный как сапожник;

as ugly as sin — уродлив как смертный грех;

as shining as the sun — ослепительный как солнце;

as fresh as a daisy — свежий как маргаритка;

as tired as dog — устать как собака;

as white as sheet — белый как полотно;

as large as life — во всей красе;

as old as hills — старо как мир;

as hungry as a wolf — голодный как волк;

as mad as hell — злой как черт;

to love smth as the horse loves the whip — любить что-то как собака палка;

as lively as a grig — юркий как угорь

as thin as a rake — тощий как спичка

as pale as death, — бледный как смерть;

as has-been as lemon — выжатый как лимон

as cruel as barbarian — грубый как варвар

as deaf as a post — глухой как тетерев

like fish needs a bicycle — как рыбке зонтик

feel completely at home — как рыба в воде

silent as the grave — нем как рыба

as bald as brass — наглый как танк

PRACTICE

 Ex. 1. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

polite, happy, glad, complete, grey, honorable, shy, dry, just, free, recent, merry,  uncomfortable, joyful, hot, thin, accurate, narrow, real, sweet, right, wicked, yellow, cosy,  merciful, bad, fat, cheap, big, clumsy, stupid, far, miserable, narrow, virtuous, simple, regular,  expensive, low, deep, sad, significant, bitter, intimate, lazy, old, serious, tiny, clever, little,  considerate, good, much, dark, beautiful, dear, fit.

 Ex. 2. Give the comparative and superlative of the following compound adjectives

 well-known fine-looking, short-sighted, good-natured, wide-spread, kind-hearted, old-old-fashioned, light-minded, well-read, high-pitched, strong-willed, much-travelled,.

UNIT 3 ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ ( THE ADJECTIVE) / НАРЕЧИЕ. ( THE ADVERB)

Все прилагательные делятся на 3 класса:

                     

Простые (simple)	Производные(derivative)	Составные (Compound)
good	beautiful	snow-white
red	foolish	deaf-mute
new	hopeless	cold-hearted
unkind	four-wheeled

                                                                                    

ADJECTIVES FORMED WITH SUFFIXES:

Many adjectives related to verbs or nouns have a characteristic ending (or suffix):  We enjoyed the party. - The party was very enjoyable.

-able (capable of being)                                                manageable

-ful (full of)                                                                      boastful

-ic                                                                                      energetic

-ive (capable of being)                                                   attractive

-ant                                                                                     hesitant

-ible (like - able)                                                              permissible, likable

-(i)an (historical period, etc.)                                         Victorian

-ish (having the quality of)                                           foolish, reddish

-ly (having this quality)                                                 friendly

-ous                                                                                      humorous

-al                                                                                       occasional

And note -ing forms used as adjectives: running water.

ADJECTIVES FORMED WITH PREFIXES:

A prefix (e.g. im-) added to an adjective generally has a negative effect:

I think it's possible to solve the problem. I think it's impossible to solve the problem

un-                   uncooked, unimaginable

in-                    incapable, inhuman

dis-                   dishonest, disagreeable

dis-                   dishonest, disagreeable

Префикс in перед L превращается в IL  —illegal, illegible

              перед M; P превращается в IM — immoral, impractical

                перед R превращается в IR — irresponsible, irregular

I.THE WAYS OF FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES

1. Simple adjectives connected with weather display as well as natural (or physic)formations are formed from the corresponding nouns by adding suffix -y

wind- windy; sand— sandy(песчаный );

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ : WOOL-WOOLEN; WOOD-WOODEN

2. The compound adjectives of measurement are formed by combining numbers with nouns in the singular to form compound adjectives with hyphens: a twenty-year-old man (not "a twenty-years-old man"). This kind of adjectives can refer to:

- age         a three-year-old building

- volume   a two-litre car

- length     a twelve-inch ruler

- price       a $50 dress (a fifty-dollar dress)

- weight   a five-kilo bag
-area      a fifty-acre farm

- duration a four-hour meeting

- depth      a six-foot hole

- time/distance  a ten-minute walk.

3. The adjective of quality is formed by the suffix ent(ant). As rule they are formed from the noun having suffix - ence(ance) .

 If the adjective of quality is formed from simple noun,  the suffix –ful and less (with the negative meaning) are used

mercy — merciful — merciless.

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ : INSIST -INSISTENT

If the adjective of quality is formed from noun, ending ity the suffix –-ble is used

PRACTICE

 Ex. 1. Form adjectives from the given words with the help of the suffixes.

Use, frost, rain, rock, fog, snow, ice, sun, noise, speed, nature, hope, art, truth,  possibility, beauty, insist, significance, shame.

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