VIDEO: 10 Ways the Media Manipulate Our Opinions Every Day (10:24)

https: //youtu.be/V8A0Ji5Cl9I

Watch the film, make notes, outline and discuss the manipulation strategies:

10. Creating a diversion

9.Exaggerating a problem

8. Putting out information gradually

7. Postponing big decisions

6. Being overly kind

5. Playing up more feelings, less thinking

4. Keeping people uninformed

3. Promoting mediocre products

2. Making people feel guilty

1. Knowing more about people than they do about themselves

          Text 5 Broadcasting Corporations: BBC, CNN

Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage(s) into Russian.

BBC

BBC World is the BBC's commercially funded international 24-hour news and information channel broadcasting around the world from its base at BBC Television Centre in London. BBC World is an integral part of the BBC's commitment to global broadcasting. Viewers who wish to keep ahead of global news events, but not just the headlines - turn to BBC World for the story behind the headlines - the why's and how's of the event as well. BBC World keeps its viewers not just informed, but well informed, with in-depth analysis and cutting edge interviews.

BBC World provides news, business and sport and explains not only what is happening but why. The channels hourly news programmes offer unmatched, impartial, in-depth analysis of breaking news and events of global importance.

 

Through World Business Report and Middle East Business Report, BBC World covers the most important financial, economic and company stories, while Sport Today rounds up the results and news from a wide variety of different sports.

In addition to its news bulletins, BBC World also broadcasts the best of the BBCs lifestyle and factual programming, including the weekly documentary strand The World Uncovered; Top Gear, for motoring fans; Talking Movies, the channels flagship guide to cinema; and the Imagination series on culture and the arts.

 

The daily interview programme HARDtalk grills leading newsmakers from politics, religion, sport and entertainment; and the award-winning weekly interactive discussion show Talking Point offers viewers the chance to submit questions to opinion formers.

The channels dedicated 24-hour fully digital newsroom and studio is located at BBC Television Centre in London. It forms part of the worlds largest and most trusted newsgathering organisation and draws on the resources of more than 250 BBC News correspondents and 58 international BBC News bureaux across the globe.

BBC World brings impartial and objective journalism of the highest standard.

 

 

CNN

Cable News Network, almost always referred to by its first letters CNN, is a major U.S. cable news network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first station to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television network in the United States. While the news network has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from its headquarters at the CNN Centers in Atlanta, New York City, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles.

After an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the first newscast. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite television networks, several web sites, specialized closed-circuit networks (such as CNN Airport Network), and a radio network.

The network has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, and several regional and foreign-language networks around the world. The network's success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for the Time Warner conglomerate's eventual acquisition of Turner Broadcasting.

A companion network, Headline News (originally called CNN2) was launched on January 1, 1982 and featured a continuous 24-hour cycle of 30-minute news broadcasts. Headline News broke from its original format in 2005 with the addition of Headline Prime. The added Headline Prime programs featured confrontational personalities like radio talk-show host Glenn Beck and former Fulton County, Georgia prosecutor Nancy Grace.

CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U.S. to distinguish the North American channel from its international counterpart, CNN International. Its news gathering resources are second only to Britain's BBC News in the number of employed news journalists and worldwide news bureaus.

As of June 2008, CNN is available in over 93 million U.S. households. Broadcast coverage extends to over 890, 000 American hotel rooms, and the U.S broadcast is also shown in Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by v iewers in over 212 countries and territories.

The first CNN broadcast went live on June 1, 1980. By providing around-the-clock news reports and updates, the network became an alternative to the traditional morning and evening news cycle that had dominated television news since its inception. CNN gained further prominence with its exclusive live coverage of the Gulf War in 1991, which brought global attention to the network. A sister channel, Headline News (originally called CNN2), launched in 1982, and CNN International debuted in 1985. Since CNN's debut, more than 70 television networks have launched with 24-hour news coverage.

CNN's main slogan is " The Most Trusted Name in News.", which explicitly implies that they position themselves as the most reliable sourse of information.

 

        Text 6 TV reporters stand their ground with Katrina coverage

 

Before you read. Think over the following questions.

-When covering dramatic events what should reporters focus on: the factual account or in-depth analysis of causes and consequences?

-Do you think reporters’ scrutiny of government’s policy could influence decision-making process?

 

For first time since Sept. 11, cable and network news actively challenge administration

 

Aggressive reporting of the woefully slow government response to Hurricane Katrina has prompted some experts to believe TV news is finally waking up from a post-September 11, 2001, slumber.

Questioning the administration's response to the terrorist attacks and the subsequent invasion of Iraq was deemed unpatriotic in some circles, and that was reflected in the sometimes timid broadcast news coverage.

So when even Fox News, the cable network widely seen as a conservative alternative to the so-called liberal media, asked tough questions after Katrina and characterized the emergency response as inept, we knew change was in the air.

" There was a disconnect between what they (the government) were saying and what we were seeing on the ground, " said Jerry Burke, executive producer at Fox News. " We had seen some of that kind of disconnect in Iraq but not as much as with Katrina. They even used some of the same terminology, saying, 'You're looking at it through a straw, ' meaning we were just seeing a small part of the whole picture. But we had enough reporters on the ground to see otherwise."

Fox's Shepard Smith, who has been widely praised for tough reporting during Katrina, zinged the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the White House when he pointed out that survivors trying to flee New Orleans were being stopped and turned back at a bridge checkpoint. " Over there, there's hope, " Smith said, his voice rising. " Over there, there is food and water. But you cannot go from here to there. The government will not allow you to do it. That's a fact."

And there was the famous exchange between ABC's Ted Koppel and former FEMA director Michael Brown in which Brown insisted, several days into the crisis, that he had no idea that life inside the New Orleans Superdome had become violent and squalid. Koppel's disbelief turned to palpable outrage when he bellowed, " How could you not know that? It's been reported for days now."

Last week, after FEMA told news organizations they would not be allowed to show dead bodies during recovery missions, CNN sued for permission and won. The initial ban was similar to the Pentagon's policy of restricting photos of soldiers' flag-draped coffins as they returned from Iraq.

But death is a reality of war and natural disasters and thus an integral part of any coverage. Nobody expects TV to show graphic images of the dead, but early on there were scenes of bodies floating face-down in the floods and slumped beside buildings.

So, has Katrina spawned a genuine mood shift in TV news?

" I don't think Katrina is the turning point so much as 2005 is the turning point, " said Matthew Felling, media director of the Center for Media and Public Affairs, a nonprofit research group that studies the media. " It's an accumulation of things. In Iraq, it's the reality versus the perception and the whole debate of whether we're in the last throes of the insurgency or in for a dozen more years. The momentum has been building toward the media regaining its sea legs." Occasionally aggressive reporting has morphed into advocacy, but Felling draws a careful distinction between the two. " Advocacy is calling for action, " Felling said. " Aggressive reporting is calling for answers."

Though reporters were helping arrange Katrina reunions in front of the cameras on an almost hourly basis, Fox's Burke insists his reporters were busy " seeing and reporting. They weren't there to hand out blankets and water. They're witnesses." Burke must not have seen Geraldo Rivera helping rescuers load children onto a helicopter.

The broadcast networks have all but ceded breaking news coverage to cable news. NBC, ABC and CBS devoted newscasts and prime-time specials to the hurricane, but constant coverage has been nonexistent. Considering the boost in ratings for all news outlets during the past couple of weeks, the broadcast networks might wish they had done more. NBC News has been the clear winner, increasing its evening news lead over ABC by nearly 10 percent. And last week's " Dateline NBC" was the No. 1 program, with more than 20 million people watching.

On the cable side, second-place CNN has gained the most in the past two weeks, about 70 percent more in total viewers. Fox, which is still the No. 1 cable news network, doubled its ratings with about 4 million viewers a day compared with CNN's 3 million.

The big news story of New Orleans is winding down. It will be replaced in the weeks and months to come by occasional updates of human interest, blame, scandal and political fallout. Whether the new assertiveness of reporters will diminish remains to be seen.

" What I hope is the legacy of the Katrina coverage is better coverage of policy decisions, " Felling said. " The press corps covers policy makers in D.C. and gets lulled by talking points. But those policy decisions have real-world impact, which we saw in full force on the Gulf Coast. If we can connect the dots a little more between policy and effect, then we've earned our stripes as journalists."

 

                                               Exercises

1. Give equivalents of the following:

Отражать (события); освещение (событий); зрители; находиться перед объективами; рейтинг; увеличить разрыв между; пропаганда; поворотный момент; неотъемлемая часть; выпуск новостей; журналисты (собират.); прайм-тайм; экстренный выпуск; вдвое повысить рейтинг; репортаж с места событий; подвергать резкой критике; ограничение на демонстрацию чего-либо; подавать в суд на; сообщать о новостях; кабельная сеть; исполнительный продюсер; репортер; смена настроений; реакция на; ставить под сомнение; резкий рост рейтинга; диалог; СМИ

 

2. Find as many synonyms as you can:

To zing; coverage; to break news; boost in ratings; to cover; advocacy; to restrict; to increase one’s lead over smb; integral part; on the ground; to sue for; tough reporting; turning point; news story; exchange

 

Complete the sentences.

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