The Brave Deeds of Krishna

Shri Parvati said:

1-2. O lord, you have told well the story of Rama. Having heard it through your grace, I am happy, O great god. O lord of gods, I desire to hear the great story removing sins, of Krishna, the son of Vasudeva. Rudra said:

3-8a. O goddess, listen. I shall narrate (to you) the story giving all fruits to men, of the noble Krishna, Vasudeva's son. O goddess, in the family of Yadus was born the son of Devamidha, called Vasudeva, the best among those knowing Dharma. The prince duly married DevakI of a divine complexion, the daughter of Devaka (Ugrasena's brother), in Mathura. Karhsa was the brave and very strong son of Ugrasena. With the two (Vasudeva and DevakI? ) the charioteer was driving the excellent chariot (obscure). When they came on a charming path bringing on auspiciousness, a divine voice gravely spoke from the air: The heavenly voice said:

8b. O Karhsa, her eighth embryo (i.e. child) will take away your life. Rudra said:

9. Having heard it, Karhsa set about killing his sister, Vasudeva, with presence of mind, said to him who was very much enraged: Vasudeva said:

10. O glorious one, do not kill your legitimate sister. O very mighty king, just kill the embryos (i.e. children) that will be born. Rudra said:

11-13. Saying " All right", Karhsa having arrested Vasudeva and DevakI, placed them in his charming house full of all pleasures. In the meanwhile, O goddess, goddess DharanI (i.e. the Earth) very much troubled by the burden of sinners, suddenly went to Brahma. Having gone to Brahma, the lord of the world, DharanI, the supporter of the people, said with a grave voice: DharanI said:

14-16. O Creator, O lord,

I am unable' to support these people. O you of a good vow, the sinful demons have put up on me. The very powerful ones destroy all good practices of the world. All men deriving their strength from unrighteousness are deluded by sin. In this world very little of religious merit is seen. O god, I have sustained (people) because of (their) religious merit, truth, purity and control. Therefore, I am unable to sustain the world springing from unrighteousness.

Rudra said:

17-18. Speaking like this goddess Dharanl vanished there only. Then all hosts of gods led by Brahma and Rudra and great ascetics went to the lord of the world at the northern shore of the Milky Ocean, and praised him with divine eulogies. Then the lord who was pleased, said to all those best sages: The lord(Vishnu) said:

19a. O hosts of gods, for what purpose have you come here? Rudra said:

19b. Then the grandsire said to Vishnu, the god of gods: Brahma said:

20-22a. O god of gods, O lord of the world, the Earth is oppressed with burden. In the world many unconquerable demons are born, like Jarasandha, Kamsa, Pralamba, Dhenuka and others. The wicked ones torment all old people. You are fit to take down the burden of the Earth. Rudra said:

22bc. Thus addressed by Brahma, Vishnu, the immutable lord of the world, spoke with a grave voice: The lord (Vishnu) said:

23. O very powerful gods, descending (i.e. being born) in the family of the Yadus, I shall cooly remove the burden of the Earth. Rudra said:

24. Thus addressed, all gods, having saluted Vishnu, went to their respective worlds, and thought of that highest god. Then the highest lord said to the Narayani Maya: The lord said:

25-28. Taking the six sons of Hiranyaksa to the earth, put them into (the womb of) DevakI, the wife of Vasudeva. The seventh one, a portion of! shesa, has already entered (Devaki)

Do not tarry. O you of an auspicious appearance, give it to Rohini, her co-wife. Then in the eighth my portion will be bora on Devaki. Then Mahanidra, your ancient portion, will be born on Yasoda, Nanda's wife. She will go to the great mountain Vindhya, and thers being worshipped by gods led by Indra would kill the very powerful demons led by the demon iSumbha. Rudra said:

29-38. Saying, " All right" Mahamaya put the sons of Hiranyaksa as the six embryos in (the womb of) Devaki one by one. The very powerful Karhsa killed them as soon as they were born. The seventh embryo was infused by a portion of! shesa. (Mahamaya) took the growing embryo into (the womb of) Rohini. Due to drawing out (sarhkarsanat) of the embryo, the immutable Sarhkarsana was born on her. On the eighth of the dark half of Bhadrapada (he was born) at an auspicious moment. Rohini gave birth to a son, the lord Sarhkarsana. Then all hosts of gods seated in aeroplanes in the sky, and with their minds full of joy, praised Devaki. Then, O Parvati, in the tenth month (of her pregnancy) Vishnu was born on her at mid-night of the eighth of the dark half of Sravana. He was dark like the petal of a blue lotus. His eyes were large like lotus-leaves. He had four arms. His body was handsome. He was graced with divine ornaments. On his chest were Shrivatsa and Kaustubha (marks). He was adorned with a garland of wood-flowers. This ancient Vasudeva (i.e. Vishnu) was born of Vasudeva. Seeing Krishna, the lord of the worlds, Vasudeva with his palms joined saluted him, full of the world, and said: Vasudeva said:

39-41. O lord, O desire-yielding tree to the devotees, O lord of the world, you are born of me (i.e. as my son). You, the highest being, are the one without a beginning or an end among the gods. O you inconceivable one, you are a great son. You are thought of by the meditating saints and are ancient. O you sustainer of the earth, you have become my son on the earth. The sinful demons, seeing this your wonderful majestic form will not bear the great vigour, O highest being.

Rudra said:

42-55a. Thus requested by him the ancient Vishnu withdrew his form possessed of four arms. He shone as a human being only with two hands. All the demons, his bodyguards, that were there, were deluded by his Maya, and were covered by mental darkness. In the meanwhile Vasudeva, praised by all gods, took the god, and quickly went from that city. The very strong king of serpents devoutly covered him with a thousand hoods, and accompanied him, when it was raining. At that time the town-gates were opened due to the touch of his feet. Being broken they were wide open; and those (people) that were there, became unconscious. That river Yamuna, that was full, flowed with her water knee-deep only, when the noble one entered her (water). Having crossed Yamuna, the best of the Yadus, being praised by gods, entered (Vraja — the station of cowherds) situated on her bank. There, that wife of Nanda, delivered in the auspicious cow-pen. She who was asleep was deluded by Maya and covered with Tamas (darkness). That Yadava (i.e. Vasudeva) having placed on her bed the god (i.e. Krishna), and taking that daughter again went (back) to Mathura. Having given that daughter to his wife (Devaki), he remained well-composed. She who was on Devakl's bed, wept due to her being a child. Having heard the voice of the girl in the house, the bodyguards informed Kariisa of the auspicious delivery of Devaki. Karhsa quickly came there, and seized the girl, and then threw her on a stone. She too quickly went to the sky. Placing her foot on his head, she stood with her full face (visible). The goddess with eight arms said to the lord of demons: The goddess said:

55b-5S. O dull one, what is the use of having thrown me? He who will kill you, is born. He, who is the creator, the sustainer and the destroyer of the world is born in this world. He will snatch your life. Rudra said:

57-58. Having spoken like this, the goddess filling the sky with her lustre, and being praised by gods and gandharvas, suddenly went to the Himalaya mountain. Then Kamsa, with his mind dejected, and oppressed by fear, called his demons led by Pralamba, Canura, and said to them: Kamsa said:

59-61. All hosts of gods, through our fear, have gone to the Milky Ocean, and have told everything about the destruction of the demons to Vishnu. Hearing their words, the supporter of the earth, the immutable one is born on the earth as a human being. So today, all you demons, taking any form as you desire, kill, without any fear children of excessive might. Rudra said:

62-63. Having thus ordered (them), and having comforted and freed Vasudeva and Devaki, he entered his own house. Vasudeva then went to the excellent cow-pen (Vraja) of Nanda. Honoured by him, he gladly kept his son there. The descendant of Yadu said to Yasoda, Nanda's wife: Vasudeva said:

64. O honoured mother, protect as your own son, this son of mine, born from Rohinl's womb, who has come (i.e. been brought) here through fear of Kamsa. Rudra said:

65-70. Nanda's delicate wife, of a firm vow, said, " All right". And having received a son of the pair, nourished him with joy. Having kept the sons in the house of the cowherd Nanda, Vasudeva being confident, went to Mathura protected by Kamsa. Then on an auspicious day, Garga, impelled by Vasudeva, went to the cow-pen (Vraja) of the cowherd Nanda. The brahmana was honoured by the (people) residing there. Having duly performed their birth-rites in Gokula of the god, he gave divine names to Vasudeva's sons. The brahmana gave the elder one such names as Samkarsana, Rauhineya, Balabhadra, Mahabala, Rama. (He named) the younger one as jSrldhara, Shrikara, Shrimat, Krishna, Ananta, Jagatpati, Vasudeva, Hrsikesa etc.

71-87. " In this world they will be known by thenames Rama, Krishna." The best brahmana, having said so, and having worship3260 Padma Parana ped the dead ancestors and deities, and being honoured by the cowherds again came (back) to Mathura. At night Kamsa sent Putana, the killer of children. She gave her breast smeared with poison to Krishna of unlimited lustre (for being sucked by him). Knowing her to be a demoness, Krishna the very lustrous, the best of the Yadus, drank (i.e. sucked) her breast deeply and profusely along with the life of the demoness. She with her body afflicted, and with her sinews suddenly cut off, fell down trembling and making a loud sound died. With her loud sound the sky was filled. Then all the cowherds seeing the demoness fallen on the ground, and Krishna playing on her large breasts, were frightened. Being dejected, they quickly took the boy, and due to the fear of the demon, sprinkled with the cow's tail cowdungon his head. O you beautiful lady, the cowherd Nanda came and took the son. Having sprinkled (water) on all the limbs of his body to the accompaniment of (the utterance of) the names of the lord, put that wicked, fearful (demoness) out of Vraja. The group of cowherds who were frightened burnt her in that Vraja. Once Madhusudana, Vishnu, lying under a cart, and having spread out his feet wept. With the stroke of his foot, he turned over the cart. With the pitchers and pots scattered about, it fell upside down. Then the cowherds and cowherdesses, seeing that great cart, were very much amazed, being apprehensive of what it was. The amazed Yasoda quickly took the boy. Within just a short time only the two boys, the best Yadus, nourished with Yasoda's milk, and growing, shone while crawling on their knees and hands. A fraudulent demon, disguised as a lad, set out to kill Krishna, moved on the earth. Krishna, knowing him to be a demon, struck him with his foot. In the form of the demon only he fell down and died. Then Krishna roamed in the entire cowshed.

88-94. In every house of the cowherdesses, he took away butter. Then Yasoda who was angry, tied him with a rope to a mortar and went to sell milk etc. Krishna, the supporter of the earth, tied to the mortar with a rope, dragged it, and went between two arjuna trees. With the mortar Krishna knocked down the two trees. With their trunks broken, they fell on the ground making a sound. Due to (i.e. on hearing) that loud sound, old, very vigorous cowherds went there, and seeing it were very much amazed. Yasoda also being dejected freed the lord of the earth and taking him who was amazed gave the noble one her breast (i.e. breast-fed him). Since the lord of the world was tied with a rope (damna) by his mother, therefore, he was called, Damodara by all the great sages. The two arjuna trees reached the status of kinnaras.

95-100. Then all the old cowherds, led by the cowherd Nanda, regarding it to be a great portent, went to another place. In the charming Vrindavana on the auspicious bank of Yamuna, they made an abode for the cows and the cowherdesses. Then the growing, very strong Rama and Krishna, accompanied by keepers of calves, looked after the calves. A great demon, named Baka, endeavoured in the form of a crane to kill Krishna, the best of the Yadus, who was with the cows and the calves. Seeing him, Vishnu also easily raised a clod and struck on his wing. The great demon fell on the earth. Then after a few days, he, looking after the cows and calves in the forest, slept on the earth on sprouts under the shade of a jambu tree.

101-107. In the meanwhile god Brahma surrounded by hosts of gods came to see Krishna, and seeing the two best Yadus (i.e. Balarama and Krishna) asleep, snatched the calves and the children of the cowherds, and again went (back) to heaven. When they got up they saw that the children and the calves were lost. They were amazed as to where the cows, calves, and children of the cowherds had gone. Knowing that it was the act done by the Creator, Krishna, the ancient one, created the children, the cows and the calves just like that. Madhusudana, the protector and the lord of the worlds, quickly created the calves and the cowherds of the same form. In the evening the cows — the mothers — seeing their own calves having come (back) behaved as before. When thus the period of a year was passed by the noble one, the creator again gave him (back) the calves and the children. Brahma, the lord of the three worlds, with his palms joined, taking himself round and saluting Govinda, spoke through fear: Brahma said:

108-113. Salutation to you, the soul of all; to you of the nature of true knowledge, of the nature of eternal joy; to the noble one, of a loving soul. You are minute, are of a big, gross form. You are omnipresent, immutable. O you, the beginning, the middle and the end, salutation to you. Salutation to you of eternal knowledge, power and supremacy; to you full of valour and lustre; to you, O you of a great power; to you of the form of six qualities. O brahman, you are the Supreme Being (described) of the Vedas; you are the great Purusa; you are the embodied Supreme Being; you are the Supreme Being of the sacred texts. You are the four (great) men; you are the best ancient man. O Brahman, the earth, fire, air are your powers. Due to your words the earth and fire sprang up, O lord of the world. With your life, O lord, the atmosphere and air were created.

114-118. O you immutable one, in the same way, from your eyes were created the sky and the sun; and O sinless one, from your ears were created the quarters and the moon. From your mind, O great god, were created the flow of water and Varuna. That Brahman which is manifested in the Mimarhsa that is proclaimed, is also (manifested) in sacrifices or in a great vow, in the hymns that are sung, in the sky, in the heaven. It is also the air. It is also in the sky, so also in the herbs. It is also in the stars, all planets, and the sun also. In the same way it is in the beings. The holy texts call it 'Brahman'. That also is the highest Brahman, well known and immortal all round.

119-122. Hiranmaya, Avyaya (Immutable), Yajna, Suci (Pure), Sucipad (of pure feet) — these are his epithets in the Vedas. Nowhere is his (likeness found). The holy text describes him as Caksurmaya (consisting of eyes), Srotramaya (consisting of ears), Chandomaya (consisting of Vedas), Manomaya (consisting of mind), Vdnmaya (consisting of speech), the highest soul, the highest god. O you lotus-eyed one, thus you are the (sole) aim of the Upanisads. This one is not able to praise you, who has mastered the entire Vedanta. It was a great offence that I snatched your calves. O you who are affectionate to those who seek your shelter, forgive me. Mahesvara said:

123-130. The Creator, having thus praised Vishnu, and having repeatedly saluted him, gave him (back) the calves, and went home. He, delighted, nourished, and practising severe penance, always keeping in his mind Vishnu in the form of a child, lived with the gods, O goddess. Krishna created the calves and children as before. They became one with him, when the gods were observing (i.e. in the presence of gods). With the keepers of the calves Krishna went to Nandagokula. Then after a few days the best of Yadus, Acyuta, Madhusiidana, went with the cowherds to the pool of Yamuna, and there having injured easily with his one foot the thousand hoods of the very strong serpent, made him face the risk to his life. That Kaliya, regaining consciousness, sought his shelter. Then revered Krishna protected the serpent who had given up his poison. Having made marks with his foot on the hoods of him who was afraid of Garuda, the best of the Yadus banished him from the pool of Yamuna.

131-137. Then that Kaliya, along with his sons and wife, quickly left that pool. Having saluted Govinda he went (elsewhere). The trees on the bank that were formerly scorched by (Kaliya's) poison, on being seen by Krishna quickly bore flowers and fruits. Madhusiidana, the lord, full of all gods, after having attained youth in (due) time, looked after the herd of cows. The best Yadu, with cowherds of his age and with Balarama, moved in the charming Vmdavana. There having killed a very fierce demon of a huge body and of the form of a serpent and as big as Meru and Mandara (mountains), he reached the forest of Dhenuka having the arbours of palm trees like tala and hintala; he entered that charming forest, full of fruits and having arbours of palm trees, and having lifted Dhenuka, of the size of a mountain, and always having the form of an ass (or a cruel form), by seizing his feet, he struck him against a palm tree. At that moment only his keepers rejoiced near him.

138-143. Quickly moving out from that forest they came to the Bhandira forest. There they played children's sports with Rama and Krishna. A demon named Pralamba came there in the guise of a cowherd. Putting Rama on his back he quickly went to the sky. Knowing him to be a demon Rama angrily struck his head with his fist; then he, with his body afflicted, fell (down). Roaring with a loud voice in his demonish form only, he, with his head and body broken, and smeared with blood, died. Then Nanda's son (Krishna) remained, in the evening, in Govraja (cow-pen), with the young cowherdesses, sporting in Kaumodavarcasa. The best demon Arista went there in the form of a bull; as he had come to kill Krishna, he roared loudly.

144-149. Sseing him, all cowherds, oppressed by fear, ran away. Krishna too, seeing the chief of demons to have come, uprooted a palm tree and hurt him with it between his horns. He, with his head and horns broken, and vomiting profuse blood, died while roaring. Thus having killed Arista, the chief demon of a huge body, he called the young cowherds, and lived there only in Govraja (cow-pen). Then after a few days a great demon named Kesin came to Vraja taking up the body of a horse, to kill Govinda. Having gone to that charming Govraja, he neighed loudly. Due to that neighing all the three worlds were filled. All the hosts of gods, thinking it to be the end of the age, were frightened.

150-154. All the cowherds and cowherdesses living there were confounded and disturbed. Coming to senses they all ran on all sides. Saying " Protect (us)", the cowherdesses sought Krishna's shelter. He who loved his devotees, said, " Do not be afraid, do not be afraid." Then he, the younger brother of Indra, having comforted them, easily and quickly struck with his fist on the head of the demon. With his teeth and eyes broken, he roared very loudly. He (i.e. Krishna) lifting a great rock, dropped it on his body. The great demon with his entire body crushed, and roaring with a fierce sound, suddenly dropped on the ground and died.

155-156. Seeing Kesin killed, the hosts of gods in heaven profusely dropped showers of flowers and said, " Well (done), well (done)." Vishnu (i.e. Krishna) having thus killed in his childhood very powerful demons, just happily rejoiced with Baiarama.

157-162. He was dark like the petals of a blue lotus. His eyes resembled lotus-petals. He wore a yellow garment. He had put on a garland. He was graced with a garland of wood-flowers. His chest shone with the Kaustubha (gem). He had a chaplet on his head, and smearing (of sandal etc.). He was (adorned) with lovely ornaments. He was graced with earrings. He had worn a tulasl-garland. He had put on the mark of musk. His very glossy, dark, curly hair was tied into a braid. He had the head ornaments of a peacock's plumage with various kinds of flowers tied; the palms of his hands, the soles of his feet and his lips resembled red lotus. Between the sides (shone) his face with the eyebrows resembling the spot on the moon. He shone with necklaces, anklets, armlets and bracelets. The descendant of Yadu, sweetly playing upon the flute remained in the very charming Vrindavana, graced with fruits and flowers.

163-167. Seeing Vishnu who had despised the beauty of crores of C upids, all the cowherdesses were tormented by Cupid's missile. Formerly all sages living in Dandaka forest, seeing Rama desired to enjoy Rama of a beautiful body. All of them, turned into women, were born in Gokula. Having approached Vishnu with love, they were then freed from the ocean of the mundane existence. Since the demons angrily came to Krishna, and met with death in the battle, they after being killed, obtained liberation. In the world lust and anger of people are the cause of (their falling into) hell. The cowherdesses, haters of gods (in their former existence), having devoutly approached him, were liberated.

168-173. Those who betake themselves to Vishnu (even) through lust, fear or hatred reach Vaikuntha. Then what to say of those who do so through devotion! Having heard the sound of his flute at night the wives of the cowherds all got up from their beds with their garments and hair dishevelled. Tormented by Cupid's arrows, they left their husbands, sons, relatives, so also sense of shame and their own family; they came to the lord of the world. All the cowherdesses, having approached Govinda, embraced him with their arms, and enjoyed (i.e. kissed) his lower lip as the gods enjoy nectar. With all those, the lord of the self sported in Govraja. All those fearless women also sported with him in Vraja. Thus day after day they sported with Kesava in the charming Vrindavana and the bank of Yamuna. Pdrvatl said:

174. How would he, Janardana, who had descended on the earth for the protection of Dharma, approach others' wives? Rudra said:

175-177. O you of an auspicious face, he does not differ entiate between his own body and those of others. The entire world is his body. There is nothing different from it. Due to his naturally being the lord, the master of the soul and the lord of the world, the noble one does not recognise the difference between a male and a female. So also due to his power of removing sins the (all-) pervading lord, the highest soul, the god, is not at a fault, O fortunate one. Vasishtha said:

178. Having thus spoken to Parvati, Rudra, the destroyer of Shri Tripura, commenced telling the whole life of Krishna. Rudra said:

179-183. When autumn arrived, the cowherds led by the cowherd Nanda started celebrating the festival of the lord of gods (i.e. Indra). But Krishna stopped that festival of Indra, and he, the powerful one, got celebrated the festival of Govardhana, the lord of mountains. Then the angry Indra, continuously poured down very heavy showers for seven nights in Govraja of Nanda. Krishna, having uprooted the great mountain Govardhana, easily held it for the protection of the cows. O you of a good vow, having got the protection of the mountain, the cowherds and cowherdesses lived happily only as if they were in a mansion.

184-186. Then the thousand-eyed Indra who was afraid, with his mind confounded, stopped that shower, and went to that Vraja of Nanda. Krishna too put the great mountain as before. AH those old cowherds, led by the cowherd Nanda, worshipped Govinda (i.e. Krishna) and were very much amazed. Then god Indra, having approached Krishna, with his palms joined praised him with a voice faltering due to joy. Indra said:

187-195. O lotus-eyed one, O omniscient one, O superior Vishnu, salutation to you. I salute you, O you who are beyond the three constituent qualities (of sattva, rajas and tamas), O lord of all, and the soul of the universe. You yourself are the sacrifice, the formula used on making an oblation to a deity; you are Orhkara, sacrifice (or power), oblation. O Kesava, you are the father and the mother of all gods. Before the creation you, Hiranyagarbha, existed. You alone are the lord, the Supreme Being, the Brahman. O god, you alone have supported this earth and heaven. O lord of the world, you thus give yourself (to your devotees) and give fruits (of devotion). O you, the lord of the worlds, gods have obtained light. O ancient one, your shadow is nectar as well as death. To that god, to you, we offer an oblation. From him these golden ones have come up. O Kesava, of him the oceans and the earth are the carrier. O you immutable one, these directions, intermediate directions and the air (Vayu) belong to you. To that god, to you, who growing (in size) again got on the earth, we offer an oblation. O Brahman, O great lord, you supported heaven. In the atmosphere you remain in a mote of the sun-beam. You are omnipresent and immutable.

196-204. To that god we offer our oblation, to whom, shining, of a hot lustre and full of qualities, you cry.* Shri would always necessarily see him mentally. In the highest place (i.e. in him) the sun, that has risen, shines. To you, that god, we offer an oblation. Your great water conceiving at the time of creation create the streams of water. Who, the immutable lord of gods (but you) stood before the demon? To you, that god, we offer our oblation. The water saw DakshaPrajapati. Having a sacrifice they first produce the oblation. You are, among the gods, the superior god, the greatest of the great. To you, that god, we offer an oblation. You the immutable Man, the creator of the world, (please) do not harm us. He, the lord, of a pious act, created heaven. He created the moon, profuse water and the entire world. To you, that god, we offer our oblation. O lord, all these created objects have been around you.

* Vv.196, 198, 199, 200, 201 etc. are not clear.

205-211. O lord, beings have sprung from you. You are Acyuta. The future and the past are due to you. Let that, desiring which we offer a sacrifice, come to us wholly. Due to your kind gaze, may we be the lords of the three (worlds). You are the Supreme Being called Hiranmaya, having golden beard and moustache. From the point of the nail everything is gold. The sun shares gold. This is omnipresent Brahman that has settled as the sun. That is the excellent, best lustre of god Savitr: May we always think of the form of you who always illumine our minds. O you lotus-eyed one, O you lord of! shri, O you lord of all, O Kesava, salutation to you. O you fit to be known through Vedanta. O lord of sacrifices, O you of the form of sacrifice, salutation to you. Salutation to you, to Vasudeva, dressed as a cowherd. I have offended (you) by destroying all that. Forgive it, O lord of the world, O you ocean of compassion, O Supreme Being. In a short time kill Kamsa who is unassailable. Having done good to the gods, live in happiness, settling on the earth. Mahddeva said:

212-221. Indra, the lord of all gods, having thus praised Krishna, crowned him with nectar and divine garments and ornaments. Having worshipped the lord of gods, he went (back) to heaven. The old cowherds and cowherdesses saw Indra there. And being honoured by him, they were very much delighted. The very brave Rama and Krishna adorned with divine ornaments, remained happily in Nanda's Govraja. O goddess, in the meanwhile, the best sage Narada suddenly went to Mathura, and entered Kamsa's vicinity. Being honoured by the king there, he was seated on an auspicious seat. He informed him of the acts of Vishnu, the active exertion of the deities and the birth of Vishnu (as Krishna). So also (he told him about) Vasudeva's having put his son in Vraja, the death of the demons, and the expulsion of the king of the serpents; so also about (Krishna's) holding up the best mountain (i.e. Govardhana) and the meeting with Indra. Having told Kamsa everything fully he, honoured by the demon, went to Brahma's abode. Kamsa, with his mind dejected and surrounded by his ministers, deliberated with them about his death. There the very powerful lord of demons, Kamsa, told about the mission for his good to Akriira, the best among the intelligent ones and loving Dharma. Kcmsa said:

222-228. Due to my fear all gods led by Indra, overcome by fear, approached Vishnu and sought his shelter. He, Madhusudana, the revered creator of the beings, granted them exemption from fear and was born from Devaki's womb. The wicked-hearted Vasudeva also deceived me and at night he, the very wicked one, pat his son in Nanda's house. Even as a child he killed the unassailable great demons. There is no doubt that he is also ready to kill me. But even gods and demons along with Indra cannot kill him. So having brought him here, I must kill him with (some) stratagem. Through intoxicated elephants, wrestlers, or excellent horses — with this or that means he can be killed here. Therefore, O best of the Yadus, having gone to Govraja, fetch here to enjoy the ceremony of arrows, Krishna, Rama, so also all old cowherds led by Nanda, O descendant of Yadu.

Mahadeva said:

229-242. Saying " All right", the best of the Yadus, the powerful one, eager to see Krishna, got into a chariot and went to the charming Gokula. Akrura, the best among the great devotees of Vishnu possessed of politeness, saw the unafflicted Krishna settled among the cows. (He was) like a dark cloud; (he was) adorned with all ornaments; his eyes (were large) like lotusleaves; (he had) long arms, and (was) healthy. (He had) covered himself with a yellow garment; (he was) handsome in all limbs; (his) chest (was) shining with the Kaustubha; (he was) graced with jewelled earrings. (He possessed) the garland of tulasi (-leaves) and wood-flowers; (he had put on) ear-ornaments of wood-flowers. Seeing Krishna surrounded by young cowherdesses, he, the descendant of Yadu, with his entire body horripilated and his eyes full of tears of joy, got down from the chariot and saluted him. Joyfully approaching Krishna, taking himself round him, and saluting him, he put on his head (Krishna's) feet resembling red lotuses and marked with the signs of Vajra, and repeatedly saluted him. That descendant of Yadu then saw Balarama resembling the full autumnal moon and decorated with pearl-necklaces, and saluted him. The two heroes, best of the Yadus, raised him with joy, and having embraced him, came home with that Akrura, a descendant of Vrsni. The cowherd Nanda, of a great lustre, seeing the best of the Yadus to have arrived (there), approached him, and having seated him on an excellent seat, gladly, duly and devoutly honoured him with materials of worship, water for washing his feet, divine garments and adorations. Akrura, a descendant of Yadu, gave garments and ornaments to Rama, Krishna, to the cowherd Nanda, and to Yasoda. The intelligent one seated on a Kusha-seat asked the cool one about his well-being, and asked about all the stateaffairs, said to him: Akrura said:

243-251. This Krishna of great lustre, actually the immutable Vishnu, requested by the hosts of gods and magnanimous sages for the good of the deities and the protection of the good, so also for the destruction of those who were a burden to the earth, and for establishing righteousness, was born in (i.e. from) the belly (i.e. womb) of Devaki at midnight in rainy season. Through Karhsa's fear Vasudeva brought the lord of gods, Vishnu, his son, and put him in your house in that night. At that time only, the glorious Yasoda gave birth to a daughter of an auspicious face born from a portion of Maya (of the lord). She had deluded this entire auspicious Vraja. (Vasudeva) having put the best Yadu (i.e. Krishna) on the bed of unconscious Yasoda took the daughter and went home. Having put her on Devakl's bed, he came out. She (i.e. the daughter), remaining in Devaki's bed then quickly cried. O you of a good vow, having heard it (i.e. her crying), Karhsa suddenly took the girl and the powerful one, having whirled her, dropped heron a stone. That girl, (then) got up; and she having eight hands and weapons, and remaining in the sky, angrily spoke to Karhsa in a grave voice:

The girl said:

252. O you mean demon, he who is the Supreme Being, the lord of all gods, the eternal one, has gone to Vraja (is born) to kill you. Akrura said:

253-261. Speaking like this that Mahamaya (the Great Illusion) went to the Himalaya (mountain). Since then the wicked one, with his mind dejected through fear, sent demons to kill the noble (Krishna). This intelligent boy alone easily killed them all. The highest god performed very wonderful acts. Having heard about (these acts like) holding the Govardhana (mountain), expulsion of the king of serpents, meeting with Indra, death of all demons, which were told to him by the divine sage (Narada), he, tormented by fear is eager to take from here the unassailable Rama and Krishna of mighty arms and to get them killed by intoxicated great elephants or by wrestlers. He has sent me here to fetch Krishna. The wicked one has imprisoned Vasudeva. (I have) told you all these acts of that very wicked one. To enjoy the ceremony of arrows all you cowherds, inhabitants of Vraja please go tomorrow, taking with you curd, ghee etc., and with Rama and Krishna to him. There is no doubt that Karhsa will be killed by Krishna. Therefore, giving up your fear go (to Mathura) by the order of the king.

The lord said:

262-272. Speaking like this, that very intelligent Akrura became silent. Hearing those fierce and awe-inspiring words of him all old cowherds led by the cowherd Nanda, stupefied by grief, were in an indescribable ocean of sorrow. Seeing them (like that) the lotus-eyed Krishna cheered them. The powerful one said: " Do not entertain any fear from the demon. Accompanied by Rama and you, I shall go to Mathura to destroy this wicked Karhsa. Having killed there that wicked Karhsa, the chief of demons, so also having killed all demons, I shall protect the earth. Therefore, giving up your grief, go to Mathura." The cowherds led by the cowherd Nanda, who were thus addressed by Krishna, repeatedly embraced him, and smelt his head. Having thought over the immeasurable acts of the very noble one, and on Akrura's words, all the cowherds, were free from affliction. Yasoda gave Akrura many pure cooked foods — tasty, savoury, and sweet — so also sumptuous, agreeable meals. The best of the Yadus (i.e. Akrura) enjoyed, along with Rama, Krishna, the best cowherds like Nanda, so also the young and the old people, the food given by Yasoda, which was tasteful, removed foulness, diseases, which was good, in her (house) that was well decorated.

273-279. Having properly fed them and having given them water to rinse their mouths with, she of a firm vow, gave him a tambula with camphor. When the sun had set, the Yadava, having offered the evening prayer, and having, along with Rama and Krishna, enjoyed the excellent food of sweetened milk, went to sleep with them. Krishna slept as Vishnu on the Shesha, in that best mansion that was charming, illumined with lamps, beautiful, that had lovely beds, and that was graced with various flowers. Seeing him, the excellent bliss, Akrura, marked with tears of joy and horripilation, gave up his sleep of ignorance, and the best devotee of Vishnu shampooed the feet of Vishnu (i.e. Krishna). " By (doing) this much my life is fruitful; I have lived well. This is the prosperity in the three worlds; this is the best happiness, this is the righteous kingdom; this is the best joy of liberation.

280-284. It is not possible to recollect it mentally by deities like Shiva, Brahma, best sages like Sanaka, and great sages like Vasishtha. That couple of feet of the lord of S" ri, bright like the autumnal lotuses, and touched by Indira, Lakshmi with her hands, gives great pleasure. Fortunately I have secured this auspicious lotus-like couple of feet of Vishnu." Due to that great joy of (having secured) Brahman, the night passed as a moment. Then when the morning dawned Vishnu, being praised in heaven by the best hosts of gods, got up from the bed. Having properly rinsed his mouth, the intelligent one, along with Rama, fell at the feet of his mother and made the departure agreeable.

285-287. Having raised them, Yasoda, full of grief and joy, and with her face full of tears, affectionately embraced her sons. The respectable lady of a firm vow conferred a blessing (on them) and after repeatedly embracing the great heroes, she allowed them to go. Akrura also saluted Yasoda and with his palms joined, said: Akrura said:

288-289. O glorious one, I shall (now) leave. O sinless one, favour me. This Krishna of great arms will, after killing the very powerful Karhsa, be the king of the entire world. There is no doubt about it. Therefore, O you of an excellent face, give up sorrow and be happy. The lord said:

290-297. Thus addressed she allowed Akrura, the best of Yadus, to go. With Rama and Krishna he got into an excellent chariot. Being praised by groups of celestial nymphs he quickly went to Mathura. All old cowherds led by the cowherd Nanda, followed him. Seeing that Krishna going the cowherdesses again took curd, ghee, various fruits, and followed Krishna going out, seated in a chariot. Krishna sent back all the cowherdesses. With their minds tormented by grief, they wept for the lotus-eyed one. They repeatedly wept saying, " O Krishna, O Krishna, O Krishna, O Govinda." The helpless ones with their eyes full of tears, remained there weeping. Then Akrura, the Yadava, along with Rama and Krishna drove that chariot from Govraja to Mathura. Having quickly crossed Yamuna, and having placed the excellent chariot on the bank, having got down from the divine chariot, he set about to bathe there. Then to do the necessary (rites) he plunged in the auspicious water.

298-304. Muttering the expiatory hymn the best devotee of Vishnu saw in the water the bright Rama and Krishna. He saw Rama like a crore of autumnal moons, the lord wearing a dark garment, with his body smeared with divine sandal, and having beauty due to ornaments of pearls, having eyes like red lotuses, and having ear-ornaments of white lotuses; and saw Krishna like a dark cloud and wearing a divine yellow garment, having large lotus-like eyes withhis body smeared with yellow sandal, and graced with various gems. Seeing (them) there the best Yadu was very much amazed. Getting up he saw the two very mighty ones in the chariot. Again plunging (in the water) and muttering the couple of hymns, he saw Vishnu in the ocean of nectar along with Lakshmi being praised by Sanaka and others and waited upon by all gods. Seeing the god in the water there, he was highly amazed. The best of the Yadus praised the omnipresent god Vishnu. Akrura said:

305-315. Salutation to you of the nature of Kala (time or death), to you without a beginning oran end; salutation to you who are unmanifest and unchanging. Salutation to you, the lord of beings; repeated salutations to you, O best being. Salutation to you, the controller of all beings and the highest soul. Salutation to you, the changing and the unchanging, the actual Highest Being; to the lord of qualities and to the restraining (one). Salutation to you who are without such differences as of place and time. Salutation to you, the endless one, and the unfailing one. Salutation to you, to Govinda, to the lord of the three (Vedas), to the holder of the Sarnga bow, to Narayana, Visva and Vasudeva. Salutation to you, to Vishnu, of many forms; repeated salutation to you, the eternal one; to you, having lotuslike eyes, to the eternal one, to the holder of the conch and the disc. Repeated salutations to you whose brilliance is graced with ornaments resembling crores of rising suns; to Hari; to the lord of all worlds. Salutations to Savitr(the generator), to the seed of the worlds, to the highest soul, to Sarhkarsana, Krishna, Pradyumna. Salutation to you, Aniruddha, the supporter, the creator, the origin of everything, having a thousand forms, and having many heads, feet and hands. Salutation to you, having a thousand names, to the eternal one, to the Highest Being. Salutation to you shining on the bed of the serpent, to you of a pleasing form. Salutation to you, to Kesava, having put on a yellow garment, having a bright lustre while pressing in embrace the hard breasts of Lakshmi, to you SYldhara, to the lord of Shri, and to you having innumerable forms. The lord said:

316-319. A man who at the time of bathing, meditating upon the ancient god, devoutly recites this hymn, is free from all sins. Having got the fruit of (visiting) all holy places, he would secure absorption in Vishnu. That best devotee of Vishnu thus praised the god (while remaining) in water and he, Akrura, worshipped him with water and fragrant flowers. Being blessed, Akrura then came out of the water of Yamuna and full of auspiciousness approached and saluted Rama and Krishna. Seeing him polite and amazed, Vishnu said to him: Shri Krma said:

320a. O Yadava, what wonder did you see in the water? The lord said:

320b. Akrura spoke to the greatest of the Yadus, Krishna, of great lustre:

321-326. " What wonder is there, O lord, of the greatness of you, the omnipresent lord of the world? O Hrsikesa, you yourself are the entire world. You are the water, the sky, the fire, the earth and the wind. You are this entire world of four kinds, the immobile and the mobile. O Vasudeva, there is none other than you, as water from cloud only. You are the sacrifice, you are the exclamation on offering an oblation to a deity; you are the Omkara; you are the oblation also. O lord of gods, you have taken up the form to protect righteousness. You obtained the grandeur (of the forms) of the Fish, the Tortoise, the Boar. O lord, you alone protect this entire world, full of you." The lord said:

327-330. Having thus praised Govinda, and having saluted him, the best of the Yadus got into the divine chariot along with them. Then having quickly reached Mathura created by gods, he, having kept Rama and Krishna at the city-gate, went into the harem. Then having informed the king of their arrival, he, honoured by the king, entered his own house. Then in the evening Rama and Krishna, holding each other's hands went into Mathura.

331-335. The two very powerful, noble, best Yadus, while passing along the royal path, saw a washerman dyeing garments. Krishna, the powerful one, along with Rama, seeing him wearing divine garments and coming to the palace, asked for those garments. The washerman did not give them to him, and remaining there on the path spoke to him many caustic words. With the palm of his hand only Krishna beat him. On the way itself, he, vomiting much blood, was struck down. Rama and Krishna, the two heroes, along with their relatives, put on those charming garments.

336-342a. The two best Yadus reached the house of a garland-maker. Seeing them he honoured them with fragrant flowers. Being delighted, the two best Yadus granted him his desired boon. Then they came to the path. There they saw a humpbacked lady of a happy face, whose body and back were crooked, and who had held a pot containing sandal. Seeing her they asked for the sandal. She, smiling, gave them excellent sandal. They took that divine sandal, and smeared (their bodies) as they liked. Giving her a beautiful form, they came to the path. Being observed by ladies, the two delicate noble ones of charming faces entered the sacrificial chamber with their followers. Kesava, Madhusudana, seeing there a decorated, divine bow, easily took it and broke it.

342b-343. Karhsa, the chief of demons, seeing that bow being broken, was very much perturbed, called the principal, preeminent wrestlers and charioteers, and having deliberated with his ministers said to Canura: Kamsa said:

344-345. Rama and Krishna, the destroyers of all demons, have come. In the morning kill them in wrestling without hesitation. With this or that means the two, proud of their strength, should be killed with endeavour by intoxicated elephants or chief wrestlers. The lord said:

346-350. Having directed like this, the king with his younger brother and ministers, mounted, through fear, on the top of his divine palace. He put at all gates and on all paths intoxicated elephants. Everywhere he put wrestlers and intoxicated elephants. Knowing all that the intelligent Krishna also, along with Rama, stayed, with his followers, in the sacrificial chamber in the night. When at the end of the night, the day broke, Rama and Krishna got up from the bed, offered water, were well adorned, and having eaten (something) were eager and ready to fight. They went out of the house as two lions from a cave.

351-354. Krishna saw at the gate of Karhsa's palace his elephant named Kuvalayapida who resembled the peak of the Himalaya mountain, bestowed prosperity on Karhsa, removed the pride of the elephant of god (Indra), whose body was huge, who was intoxicated. Seeing that great elephant, Krsrjia the supporter of the earth, held his trunk with his hand, and jumping properly, easily whirled him round and threw him on the ground. That great elephant, with his entire body crushed, and crying with a fierce sound, suddenly fell on the ground, and died.

355-361. Having killed him, Rama and Krishna drew out his tusks, seized them and then entered the arena to fight with the wrestlers. The demons that were there, on seeing the valour of Krshria were frightened; they fled and came to the harem. Having very securely closed the doors they remained there in thousands. Seeing the doors firmly closed, the mighty Krishna easily struck them with his foot and caused them to fall down. The two being broken were knocked down. The army and the troop were arranged. All remaining there were killed with bodies and necks crushed. O you noble one, then the two very strong, magnanimous fleshy ones, eager to fight, whirling the tusks, saw the wrestlers, Canura and Mustika. Karhsa also, seeing the very strong Krishna and Rama, was frightened, and then said to his best wrestler, Canura: Karhsa said:

362. O wrestler, kill the two young cowherds at this time (i.e. now). Dividing my kingdom I shall readily give you half of it. The lord said:

363-370. At that time Krishna appeared to be great to the wrestlers, like another great Meru mountain in the house and the battle. He, Acyuta, was another fire of destruction in the eyes of Kamsa. To women he actually appeared like Cupid, and to his parents like a child. He appeared like Vishnu to the gods, and to cowherds like their friend. They there saw the omnipresent Vishnu in many forms. Vasudeva, Akrura, so also the very intelligent cowherd Nanda climbed upon another palace, and saw the great destruction. Devaki, along with ladies staying in the harem, remained there; and all the auspicious ones with their eyes full of tears saw the boy's face. The queen consoled by them entered the house. Then all the hosts of gods, seated in aeroplanes in the sky, praised the lotus-eyed Krishna with shouts of victory. The gods, and hosts of Maruts loudly said, " Kill Kamsa." In the meanwhile, when the musical instruments were sounded, the very strong, best Yadus attacked the two great wrestlers.

371-376. The magnanimous ones, resembling dark and white mountains fought with them — Krishna with Canura, and Balarama with Mustika. Due to the fight between the wrestlers, so also to (strokes of) fists and kicks, there was a great havoc, causing fear (even) to gods. Krishna, having sported with Canura for a long time, having crushed the body of the wrestler, easily knocked him down. That great wrestler who caused great unhappiness to gods and demons, vomiting profuse blood, fell on the ground and died. Similarly Rama fought with Mustika for a long time. The powerful one struck him on his chest with fists. With his bones and sinews broken he fell on the ground. Then all the wrestlers seeing the valour (of Balarama) ran away.

377-387. Karhsa suffering from agony, was very much frightened. In the meanwhile the invincible, magnanimous heroes, Rama and Krishna got upon the high palatial seat. Krishna, Hari, striking with one foot Karhsa on his head knocked him down on the ground from the top of the palace. He, with all his limbs broken, (fell) dead on the ground. When Krishna had killed Kaihsa, very strong Rama also struck his (Karhsa's) younger brother Sunaman with the fist only. The supporter of the earth (i.e. Balarama) knocked him down on the ground. Rama and Krishna, having killed the wicked Karhsa along with his younger brother, approached their parents, and saluted them devoutly. Devaki and Vasudeva repeatedly embraced them and longing for sons, smelled the two affectionately on their heads. Over them the breasts of Devaki showered milk. Then having cheered up their parents, Rama and Krishna went out. O goddess, in the meanwhile divine drums were beaten, and the chief gods dropped showers of flowers. The divine hosts of gods having praised and saluted Krishna, and being very highly pleased, went to their respective worlds. Krishna, the pious one, along with Rama saluted the cowherd Nanda and the old cowherds, and joyfully embraced them. He gladly gave them wealth with many gems.

388-392. Krishna honoured all those old cowherds with garments, ornaments etc. and with much wealth and corn. Dismissed by that Krishna, they, led by the cowherd Nanda, and full of joy and sorrow, went to the divine Vraja. Having approached their maternal grandfather, the invincible Rama and Krishna freed him from imprisonment, and having repeatedly consoled him, Krishna consecrated him on the kingdom (i.e. as the king). Through best brahmanas he got performed the obsequies of Kamsa. Having installed the chief Yadus like Akrura on the kingdom (i.e. as kings) he made Ugrasena the (chief) king, and Krishna, Vasudeva's pious son, ruled the kingdom righteously.

 

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