Fasting the Day of 'Ashura' (the 10th of Muharram)

33 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " The Day of 'Ashura' was a day the Quraysh used to fast in the Jahiliyya, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used also to fast it during the Jahiliyya. Then when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to Madina he fasted it and ordered that it be fasted. Then Ramadan was made obligatory, and that became the fard instead of 'Ashura', but whoever wanted to, fasted it, and whoever did not want to, did not fast it."

[cf Bukhari 1898]

34 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Humayd ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf heard Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan say from the mimbar on the Day of 'Ashura' in the year in which he went on hajj, " People of Madina, where are your learned men? I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say about this day, 'This is the Day of 'Ashura', and fasting it has not been prescribed for you. I am fasting it, and whoever of you wants to fast it can do so, and whoever does not want to does not have to.'"

[cf Bukhari 1899]

35 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab had sent (the following message) to al-Harith ibn Hisham, " Tomorrow is the Day of 'Ashura', so fast (it) and tell your family to fast (also)."

18.12 Fasting the Days of Fitr and Adha and Fasting Continuously

36 Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade fasting on two days, the Day of Fitr and the Day of Adha.

[In Muslim]

37 Yahya related to me from Malik that he used to hear the people of knowledge say, " There is no harm in fasting continuously as long as one breaks the fast on the days on which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade fasting, namely, the days of Mina, the Day of Adha and the Day of Fitr, according to what we have heard."

Malik said, " This is what I like most out of what I have heard about the matter."

18.13 The Prohibition against Fasting for Two Days or More without Breaking the Fast In between (Wisal)

38 Yahya related to me frrom Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade fasting for two days or more without breaking the fast in between. They said, " But Messenger of Allah, you practice wisal." He replied, " I am not the same as you. I am fed and given to drink."

[cf Bukhari 1822]

39 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Beware of wisal. Beware of wisal." They said, " But you practise wisal, Messenger of Allah." He replied, " I am not the same as you. My Lord feeds me and gives me to drink."

[cf Bukhari 1861]

18.14 Fasting on account of Manslaughter or for Pronouncing the Dhihar Form of Divorce

40 Yahya related to me, and I (myself) heard Malik say, " The best that I have heard about someone who has to fast for two consecutive months because of having killed someone by mistake, or having pronounced the Dhihar form of divorce, becoming very ill and having to break his fast is that, if he recovers from his illness and is strong enough to fast, he must not delay doing so. He continues his fast from where he left off.

" Similarly, a woman who has to fast because of having killed someone by mistake should not delay resuming her fast when she has become pure after her period. She continues her fast from where she left off.

" No one who, by the Book of Allah, has to fast for two consecutive months may break his fast except for reason of illness or menstruation. He must not travel and break his fast."

Malik said, " This is the best that I have heard about the matter."

Illness and the Fast

41 Yahya said that he heard Malik say, " What I have heard from the people of knowledge is that, if a man succumbs to an illness which makes fasting very difficult for him and exhausts him and wears him out, he can break his fast. This is the same as with a sick man in the prayer, who finds standing to be too difficult and exhausting (and Allah knows better than the slave that it is an excuse for him aand that it really cannot be described). If the man is in such a condition he prays sitting, and the deen of Allah is ease.

" Allah has permitted a traveller to break the fast when travelling, and he has more strength for fasting than a sick man. Allah, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'But any of you who are ill or on a journey should fast a number of other days, ' (2: 185) and Allah has thus permitted a traveller to break his fast when on a journey, and he is more capable of fasting than a sick man.

" This is what I most prefer of what I had heard, and it the practice on which there is consensus among us."

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