Vows Not Permitted in Disobedience to Allah

6 Yahya related to me from Malik from that Humayd ibn Qays and Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili both informed him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, (and one of them gave more detail than the other), saw a man standing in the sun. The Messenger asked, " What is wrong with him? " The people said, " He has vowed not to speak or to seek shade from the sun or to sit, and to fast." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Go and tell him to speak, seek shade, and sit, but let him complete his fast."

[mursal. Also in al-Bukhari]

Malik said, " I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered the man in question to do any kaffara. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, only ordered him to complete that in which there was obedience to Allah and to abandon that in which there was disobedience to Allah."

7 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that he heard al-Qasim ibn Muhammad say, " A woman came to 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and said, 'I have vowed to sacrifice my son.' Ibn 'Abbas said, 'Do not sacrifice your son. Do kaffara for your oath.' An old man with Ibn 'Abbas said, 'What kaffara is there for this? ' Ibn 'Abbas said, 'Allah the Exalted says, " Those of you who say, regarding their wives. 'Be as my mother's back'" (58: 2) and then He went on to oblige the kaffara for it as you have seen.'"

8 Yahya related to me from Malik from Talha ibn Abi al-Malik al-Ayli from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn as-Siddiq from 'A'isha that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him. Whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him."

[In Bukhari]

Yahya said that he had heard Malik say, " The meaning of the statement of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him' is that for instance a man who vows that, if he speaks to such-and-such a person, he will walk to Syria, Egypt, aror any other such th for instance a man who vows that, if he speaks to such-and-such a person, he will walk to Syria, Egypt, ar-Rabadha, or any other such things which are not considered as 'ibada, is not under any obligation by any of that, even if he were to speak to the man or to break whatever it was he swore, because Allah does not demand obedience in such things. He should only fulfil those things in which there is obedience to Allah."

Inadvertance in Oaths

9 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, said, " Inadvertance in oaths is that a man says, 'By Allah! No, by Allah! ' " i.e. out of habit.

Malik said, " The best of what I have heard on the matter is that inadvertant oaths is when a man takes an oath on something which he feels certain is like he said, only to find that it is other than what he said. This is rashness."

Malik said, " The binding oath is, for example, that a man says that he will not sell his garment for ten dinars, and then he sells it for that, or that he will beat his young slave and then does not beat him, and so on. One owes kaffara for making such an oath, and there is no kaffara in rashness."

Malik said, " As for the one who makes an oath about something, knowing that he is acting wrongly, and he swears to a lie he knows to be a lie, in order to please someone with it or to excuse himself to someone by it or to gain money by it, no kaffara that he does for it can cover it."

22.6 Oaths for which Kaffara is Not Obligatory

10 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, " Whoever swears by Allah and then says, 'Allah willing' and then does not do what he has sworn to, has not broken his oath."

Malik said, " The best I have heard on this reservation is that it belongs to the statement made if the speaker does not break the normal flow of speech before he is silent. If he is silent and breaks the flow of speech, he has no such reservations."

Yahya said, " Malik said that a man who said that he had disbelieved or associated something with Allah and then broke his oath, owed no kaffara, and he was not a disbeliever or one who associated something with Allah unless his heart concealed something of either of those. He should ask forgiveness of Allah and not do that again - but what he did was evil."

22.7 Oaths for Which Kaffara is Obligatory

11 Yahya related to me from Malik from Suhayl ibn Abi Salih from his father from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Whoever makes an oath and then sees that something else would be better than it, should do kaffara for his oath and do what is better."

Yahya said that he heard Malik say, " Anyone who makes the form of a vow and then does not mention anything specific is still obliged to make the kaffara for an oath (if he breaks it)."

Malik says, " Emphasis is when a man swears one thing several times, repeating the oath in his speech time after time. For instance, the statement, 'By Allah, I will not decrease it from such-and-such, ' sworn three times or more. The kaffara of that is like the kaffara of one oath. If a man swears, 'I will not eat this food or wear these clothes or enter this house, ' that is all in one oath, and he is only obliged to do one kaffara. It is the same for a man who says to his wife, 'You are divorced if I let you wear this garment or let you go to the mosque, ' and it is one entire statement in the normal pattern of speech. If he breaks any of that oath, divorce is obliged, and there is no breaking of oath after that in whatever he does. There is only one oath to be broken in that."

Malik said, " What we do about a woman who makes a vow without her husband's permission is that she is allowed to do so and she must fulfil it if it only concerns her own person and will not harm her husband. If, however, it will harm her husband, he may forbid her to fulfil it, but it remains an obligation against her until she has the opportunity to complete it."

22.8 What is Done Regarding the Kaffara of the Broken Oath

12 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, " If someone breaks an oath which he has stressed, he has to free a slave, or clothe ten poor people. If someone breaks an oath, but has not stressed it, he only has to feed ten poor people and each poor person is fed a mudd of wheat. Someone who does not have the means for that should fast for three days."

13 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to do kaffara for a broken oath by feeding ten poor people. Each person got a mudd of wheat. He sometimes freed a slave if he had repeated the oath.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Sulayman ibn Yasar said, " I understood from people that when they made the kaffara for a broken oath, they gave a mudd of wheat according to the smaller mudd. They thought that such would compensate for them."

Malik said, " The best of what I have heard about the one who does kaffara for breaking his oath by clothing people is that, if he clothes men, he clothes them each in one garment. If he clothes women, he clothes them each in two garments, a long shift and a long scarf, because that is what is satisfactory for each of them in the prayer."

Oaths in General

14 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that one time the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was speaking to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab while he was travelling in an expedition and 'Umar swore by his father. He (the Messenger) said, " Allah forbids you to swear by your fathers. If anone swears, let him swear by Allah or keep silent."

[In Bukhari and Muslim]

15 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to say, " No, by the Overturner of hearts."

[In Bukhari]

16 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Uthman ibn Hafs ibn 'Umar ibn Khalda that Ibn Shihab had heard that Abu Lubaba ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir, when Allah turned to him, said, " Messenger of Allah, should I leave my people's house in which I committed wrong action and keep your company, and give away all my property as sadaqa for Allah and His Messenger? " The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Giving away a third of it is enough for you."

17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ayyub ibn Musa from Mansur ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman al-Hajabi from, his mother that 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, may Allah be pleased with her, was asked about a man who devoted his property to the door of the Ka'ba. She said, " Let him do kaffara for it with the kaffara of the oath."

Malik said that someone who devoted all his property in the way of Allah, and then broke his oath, should put a third of his property in the way of Allah, as that was what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did in the case of Abu Lubaba.

Sacrificial Animals

⇐ Предыдущая43444546474849505152Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: