Exercise 1. Answer the questions

1. Is engineering a broad or a narrow discipline?

2. Can it be broken down into sub disciplines?

3. What do these sub disciplines concern?

4. How will an engineer initially be trained?

5. What is chemical engineering?

6. What does civil engineering deal with?

7. Is electrical engineering concerned with electrical or transportation systems?

8. What can you say about mechanical engineering?

9. Are there more branches beyond these four?

10. Which branches do modern fields include as major branches?

11. How will a new area be commonly defined?

12. What is the key indicator of the emergence of a new branch of engineering?

13. Do some fields of engineering overlap?

Exercise 2. Find Russian equivalents

Power and energy systems, optical fibers, electronic devices, electrical circuits, encompass, railways, water supply and treatment, infrastructure, public and private works, the design, large scale chemical process, to carry out, in order to, chemical principles, the outlined areas, multi-disciplined, throughout, a specific discipline, initially, concern, often broken down into, a broad discipline, science, overlap, establish, prominent, subset, permutation, commonly, application, emerging area, mining engineering, naval, vary on, beyond, vibration isolation equipment, power trains, engine, weapon systems.

Exercise 3. Find English equivalents

Инженерное дело, наука, широка дисциплина, подразделяться на …, несколько, включать в себя, хотя, исходно, на всем протяжении, указанные сферы, ветвь, использование, масштабные химические процессы, выполнять, государственные и частные сооружения, инфраструктура, водоснабжение и очистка стоков, мост, дамба, здание, включать в себя, проектирование, изучение, электрические цепи, военные системы, электрические системы, машины, трансмиссии, оборудование по изоляции от вибрации, морское строительство, применение, обычно, перестановка, подмножество, заметный, обосновать, пересекаться.

Exercise 4. Say whether it is true or false

1. For each of new fields of engineering there isn’t overlap.

2. One key indicator of such emergence is when major universities start establishing departments and programs in the new field.

3. Mechanical engineering — the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure, bridges, dams, and buildings.

4. Civil engineering — the design of physical or mechanical systems, such as power and energy systems.

5. Chemical engineering — the exploitation of both engineering and chemical principles in order to carry out large scale chemical process.

6. An engineer will usually be trained in all existing specific disciplines.

7. Engineering, much like other science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines.

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box

1. One key indicator of such emergence is when major universities start

_____________________________ departments and programs in the new field.

2. There is often gray area as to when a given sub-field becomes large and/or

__________________enough _______________ classification as a new «branch».

3. A new or ________________________ area of application will commonly

be defined ______________________ as a permutation or subset of existing disciplines.

4. New specialties sometimes _______________________ the traditional fields

and form new branches.

5. Historically, ________________________ and mining engineering were major

branches.

6. Engineering is often ______________ as having four main branches.

7. ____________________ an engineer's career the engineer may become

____________________, having worked in several of the outlined areas.

8. These disciplines _______________________ themselves with differing

_________________________ of engineering work.

 

establishing	emerging	naval engineering	temporarily
to warrant	combine with	characterized	prominent
throughout	multi-disciplined	concern	areas

 

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