Exercise 1): translate into Russian

Text 1. University

The University operates on the semester system. Each academic year is divided into two terms. Students attend lectures and seminars. At the end of each term students are to take credit tests and examinations. The academic year starts on September 1 and normally ends in June. The course of studies lasts 4 years or more. On graduating the students get Diplomas giving them the right to teach at school or work as managers, lawyers, accountants, designers, etc.

The students can carry out scientific research work. They have their own Students' Scientific Society. The students of the University are also intensively engaged in various extra curricular activities. There are some amateur groups and clubs such as a choir, dancing groups and a drama club at the University. Students arrange concerts and theatre productions. They can visit the University observatory and a botanical garden. For those students who are fond of sports the University has a swimming pool, sport-grounds, gymnasiums and other facilities.

Exercise 1): translate into Russian

Higher education; to get / receive higher education; a graduate; full-time / part time department; to give possibility; to develop abilities; teaching staff; academic year; to be divided into; to attend lectures; take credits (exams); course of studies; on graduating from; to get a Diploma; well-equipped laboratory (gymnasium); carry out; extra curricular activities; to arrange a concert; a swimming pool.

2) Answer the questions to check how much you know about VSHU:

1. When was our University founded?

2. What faculty do you study at?

3. Do you study at the day-time department?

4. Do you find it difficult to study here?

5. How many terms are there in students' academic year?

6. When does the academic year begin and finish?

7. What do students take at the end of each term?

8. What will you receive on graduating?

9. What opportunities do the Diplomas give?

10. Do you take part in extra-curricular activities?

3) Complete the sentences and use them as a plan to speak about VSHU:

1. I study at… which was founded in...

2. The University trains teachers, ..., ....

3. There are 2... in each academic year.

4. At the end of each term we take... and...

5. The academic year... in June.

6. On graduating we'll get..., which give us the right to...

7. For students, who are fond of sport, the University has..., ... and...

8. I study at the faculty of....

9. I like/don’t like to study here because….

Prepositions

(Предлоги)

В английском языке предлоги занимают особое место, так как при наличии лишь небольшого количества окончаний они часто являются единственными выразителями отношений между словами в предложении.

Наиболее употребительными являются предлоги, обозначающие:

1) место

- on («на поверхности»): The book is on the table.

- in («в, внутри»): The books are in the bag.

- at («у»): I’m at the shop.

But! In towns, in streets, in the middle of

At home, at school, at university, at work

2) направление/движение

- to («куда-либо»): We go to the University.

- into («в, во внутрь»): Put the money into the bag.

- from /~ out of («из»): Take the money out of the bag.

3) время

- on Sunday/30 July

- in July/summer/ 2011

- at 8 o’clock/Christmas/the weekend

GRAMMAR

The Sequence of Tenses

( Согласование времен )

В английском языке существует правило согласования (последовательности) времен в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточными дополнительными. Если в главном предложения глагол стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении глагол может стоять в любом времени, требуемом по смыслу, и в этом случае правило согласования времен не действует:

He says that Ann takes English lessons. Он говорит, что Аня берет уроки английского языка.

He will tell you that he went to Riga last summer. Он расскажет тебе, что ездил в Ригу прошлым летом.

! Правило согласования времен действует лишь тогда, когда в главном предложении глагол стоит в одном из прошедших времен. В этом случае в придаточном предложении употребляется:

1) для выражения одновременного действия – Past Indefinite или Past Continuous (на русский язык переводится настоящим временем):

He said that Ann took English lessons.

Он сказал, что Аня берет уроки английского языка.

I thought she was taking her lesson. Я думал, она на занятии.

2) для выражения действия, предшествующего действию главного предложения, используется Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous (перевод на русский – прошедшим временем):

He said that they had been good friends for many years. Он сказал, что они были хорошими друзьями в течение многих лет.

3) для выражения последующего действия употребляется время Future-in-the-Past (будущее в прошедшем: would + V 1 ). На русский язык предложения во Future-in-the-Past переводятся будущим временем:

He said that they would go to Riga in summer. Он сказал, что они поедут в Ригу летом.

Direct and Reported Speech

( Прямая и косвенная речь )

Правило согласования времен используется при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную, если в прямой речи слова автора идут в прошедшем времени.

She said, “I will be back at 7 o’clock.” (прямая речь)

She said that she would be back at 7 o’clock (косвенная речь)

При этом:

1. Запятая и кавычки опускаются.

1. Все личные и притяжательные местоимения (+некоторые обстоятельства места и времени) изменяются в зависимости от лица, от которого ведется речь.

2. В повествовательных предложениях возможен союз " that".

Arnold said, “I will be back”. – Arnold said that he would be back.

3. В повелительных предложениях

а) в утвердительной форме глагол заменяется инфинитивом.

The teacher said, “Go on”. – The teacher told us to go on.

б) в отрицательном предложении первая форма глагола изменяется на «not» + инфинитив.

The teacher said, “Don’t be late”. – The teacher told us not to be late.

4. В вопросительных предложениях идет прямой порядок слов.

a) Общие вопросы вводятся словами if, whether («ли»):

He asked, “Do you like this University? ” – He asked if I liked that University.

b) Специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами (what, who, when и т.д.):

He asked me, “Where is the library? ”- He asked me where the library was.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
1. Present Indefinite (Simple) Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Indefinite Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Indefinite Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous	Past Indefinite Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Future in the Past (would+V1) Would be+Ving Would have+V3 Would have been+Ving
2. this, these now here today tomorrow the day after tomorrow yesterday the day before yesterday ago	that, those then, at that moment there that day the following day two days later, in two days the day before two days before before
3. say	tell, ask, wonder, want to know
4. ‘I don’t know her name’, he said. ‘She is speaking to Ann’, he said. ‘I’ve read the book’, he said. ‘She lost the book’, he said. ‘I will come tomorrow’, he said.	He said he didn’t know her name. He said she was speaking to Ann. He said he had read the book. He said she had lost the book. He said he would come tomorrow.

Exercises

1. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Alex. You hadn’t seen him for a long time. Here are some of the things he said to you:

* I live in New York.

* My brother is getting married next month.

* My sister has had a baby.

* I saw our classmate at a party in June.

* I want to go to Michigan this weekend.

* My car was stolen a few days ago.

* I’ll tell my parents I saw you.

Later that day you tell another friend what Alex said. Use reported speech:

- Alex said that he lived in London.

- Alex said that…

Test

Выберите верный вариант, используя правило согласования времен.

1. Mike hoped that his friend (help) him with his car.

A would help B will help C helped

2. Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt (be ill) for five days.

A was ill B has been ill C had been ill

3. We were told that Andrew (go) to enter that college.

A is going B went C was going

4. The student wasn’t able to do the translation because he (not\ know) some special terms.

A hadn’t known B didn’t know C doesn’t know

5. John said, “I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza”.

A John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliza.

B John told Eliza he was sorry to disturb her.

C John said to Eliza he had been sorry to disturb her.

6. The teacher said to us, “Be quiet, please”.

A The teacher asked us to be quiet.

B The teacher told us to be quiet.

C The teacher said to us to be quiet.

7. He said, “Where is Jill going? ”

A He asked where was Jill going.

B He asked where Jill went.

C He asked where Jill was going.

8. “Could you show me these jeans, please? ” said the boy.

A The boy said to show him those jeans.

B The boy asked to show him those jeans.

C The boy asked if the salesgirl could show him these jeans.