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Direct and Reported Speech



( Прямая и косвенная речь )

Правило согласования времен используется при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную, если в прямой речи слова автора идут в прошедшем времени.

She said, “I will be back at 7 o’clock.” (прямая речь)

She said that she would be back at 7 o’clock (косвенная речь)

При этом:

1. Запятая и кавычки опускаются.

1. Все личные и притяжательные местоимения (+некоторые обстоятельства места и времени) изменяются в зависимости от лица, от которого ведется речь.

2. В повествовательных предложениях возможен союз " that".

Arnold said, “I will be back”. – Arnold said that he would be back.

3. В повелительных предложениях

а) в утвердительной форме глагол заменяется инфинитивом.

The teacher said, “Go on”. – The teacher told us to go on.

     б) в отрицательном предложении первая форма глагола изменяется на «not» + инфинитив.

The teacher said, “Don’t be late”. – The teacher told us not to be late.

4. В вопросительных предложениях идет прямой порядок слов.

a) Общие вопросы вводятся словами if, whether («ли»):

He asked, “Do you like this University? ” – He asked if I liked that University.

b) Специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами (what, who, when и т.д.):

He asked me, “Where is the library? ”- He asked me where the library was.

 

Прямая речь Косвенная речь
1. Present Indefinite (Simple) Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Indefinite Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Indefinite Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Past Indefinite Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Future in the Past (would+V1) Would be+Ving Would have+V3 Would have been+Ving
2. this, these now here today tomorrow the day after tomorrow yesterday the day before yesterday ago that, those then, at that moment there that day the following day two days later, in two days the day before two days before before
3. say tell, ask, wonder, want to know
4. ‘I don’t know her name’, he said. ‘She is speaking to Ann’, he said. ‘I’ve read the book’, he said. ‘She lost the book’, he said. ‘I will come tomorrow’, he said. He said he didn’t know her name. He said she was speaking to Ann. He said he had read the book. He said she had lost the book. He said he would come tomorrow.

Exercises

1. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Alex. You hadn’t seen him for a long time. Here are some of the things he said to you:

* I live in New York.

* My brother is getting married next month.

* My sister has had a baby.

* I saw our classmate at a party in June.

* I want to go to Michigan this weekend.

* My car was stolen a few days ago.

* I’ll tell my parents I saw you.

Later that day you tell another friend what Alex said. Use reported speech:

  - Alex said that he lived in London.

  - Alex said that…

 

Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said earlier. Complete the answers.

1) That café is expensive. – Is it? I thought you said it was cheap.

2) Kate is coming to the party tonight. – Is she? I thought you said…

3) Sarah likes Paul. – Does she? Last week you said…

4) Jane will be here next week. – Will she? But didn’t you say…

5) I’m going out this evening. – Are you? But you said… 

6) I haven’t been to the cinema for ages. – Haven’t you? I thought you said…

 

Use A-statements to make up B sentences in the reported speech.

A. 1. Don’t wait for me I’m late.

2. Please slow down.

3. Hurry up!

4. Mind your own business.

5. Will you marry me?

B. 1. My girlfriend was taking a long time to get ready, so I told her …

2. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked…

3. The man started asking me personal questions, so I …

4. Jack was very much in love with Jane, so he…

5. I didn’t want to delay Helen, so I …

Задания для самостоятельной работы


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