Переведите словосочетания на английский язык письменно.

Определяющий фактор- The defining factor

то же самое -The same

по другой причине- For other reason,

обмен товаров -Exchange of the goods,

рыночная стоимость- Market cost

покупатели и продавцы- Buyers and sellers,

рекламные колонки- ad. Columns,

большинство потребительских товаров- The majority of consumer goods

в развитых странах-In the developed countries

особенно верно- Especially truly,

основные продукты питания- the basic foodstuff's,

в условиях рынка- In the conditions of the market.

9. Составьте и запишите предложения из слов, данных вразбивку. Переведите письменно получившиеся предложения.

1. thing, is, as, value, price, not, same, the. Thing as price is not the same value.

Такая вещь, как цена- не то же, что ценность.

2. will, its, different, different, for, be, people, value. Its will be different for different people.

Она будет разная для разных людей.

3. arise, exchange, transactions, prices, in. Prices arise in exchange transactions.

Цены возникают в обменных сделках..

4. word, this, a, has, meaning, wider, much. This word has a much wider meaning.

У этого слова есть намного более широкое значение.

5. commodities, some, for, market, the, normal, traditional, still, is, arrangement, the.

For some commodities, the traditional market is still the normal arrangement.

Для некоторых предметов потребления традиционный рынок - все еще обычное размещение.

6. Is, for, worldwide, other, market, the, commodities. For other commodities the market is world-wide. Для других предметов потребления рынок всемирный.

10. Запишите предложения, заполнив пропуски предлогами. Подчеркните вставленные предлоги и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. The economic worth of value of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction. Экономическое значение цены товара может только быть измерено в некоторой рыночной сделке.

2. Nowadays practically all exchanges represent and exchange of goods and services for money, and prices in terms of money are the market value of the things they buy.

В настоящее время фактически все обмены представляют обмен товарами и услугами за деньги, и цены в денежном выражении - рыночная стоимость вещей, которые они покупают.

3 We are all familiar with the open and covered markets in the centres of our towns.

Мы все знакомы с открытыми и крытыми рынками в центрах наших городов.

4 Any effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another is defined as a market.

Любая эффективная договоренность относительно того, чтобы свести покупателей и продавцов друг с другом рассматривается как рынок.

5. Face to face contact between buyers and sellers is not a requirement for a market to be able to operate efficiently.

Свести лицом к лицу покупателя и продавца- не обязательное требование для рынка, для того, чтобы он работал эффективно.

6.In the foreign exchange market, buyers and sellers are separated by thousands of miles.

На валютном рынке покупатели и продавцы отделены тысячами миль, но знают то, что случается в рынке, столь же полно, и легко проведут сделку, как будто участники находятся в одной комнате.

11. Поставьте и запишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. This implies some kind of market. What this implies?

2. The small ad. columns provide a very efficient market for second-hand cars. What did the small ad. columns provide for second-hand cars?

3. Buyers and sellers are separated by several miles. Who are separated by several miles?

4. Most consumer goods are bought and soldona countrywide basis. On what basis Most consumer goods are bought and soldon?

5. Most of the products of advanced technologies also have world markets. What have world markets?

12. Запишите предложения, заполнив пропуски нужной формой глаголов, данными в скобках. Подчеркните вставленные слова и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Things are 'valuable' because people think they are. Вещи 'ценны', потому что люди думают, что они таковыми являются.

2. The economic worth of value of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction which reveals the value of the goods in terms of what is offered in exchange for it.

Экономическое значение цены, может только быть измерено в некоторой рыночной сделке, которая показывает ценность товаров при условии того, что предлагается в обмен на них.

3. If 5 Ib of potatoes will exchange for 1 Ib of sugar, then the 'price' of 1 Ib of sugar is 5 Ib of potatoes. Если 5 Ib картофеля обменяют на 5 Ib сахара, то 'цена' 1 Ib сахара - 5 Ib картофеля.

4. Nowadays practically all exchange represent an exchange of goods and services for money. В настоящее время фактически все обмены представляют обмен товарами и услугами за деньги.

5. Any effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another is defined as a market. Любая эффективная договоренность относительно того, чтобы свести покупателей и продавцов друг с другом определяется как рынок.

6. The price of any economic good, under market conditions is determined by the forces of supply acting through the sellers and the forces of demand acting through the buyers determine the market price. Оценка любой экономической пользы, при рыночных условиях, определена предложениями продавцов и спросом покупателей, что и определяет рыночную цену.

13. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the difference between 'price' and 'value'? The price of any economic good, under market conditions such as we find in the capitalist world, is determined by the forces of supply acting through the sellers and the forces of demand acting through the buyers, determine the market price, and the economic worth of value of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction which reveals the value of the good in terms of what is offered in exchange for it.

2. Where do prices arise? Prices arise in exchange transactions and this implies some kind of market.

3. What kind of goods are usually sold in fixed locations? Fresh fruit and vegetables are usually sold in fixed locations.

4. What kind of goods are primarily sold and bought on a countrywide basis? Most consumer goods are primarily sold and bought on a countrywide basis

5. For what products is the market world-wide? Most of the products of advanced technology also have world markets, for example, computers, aeroplanes, ships, and motor cars.

6. What is the price of economic goods determined by in the capitalist world? The price of any economic good is determined by the forces of supply acting through the sellers and the forces of demand acting through the buyers, determine the market price.

Внимательно прочитайте текст № 2, переведите его устно.

Demand

The first thing to understand is that demand is not the same thing as desire, or need, or want. We are looking for the forces which determine price, and the strength of the desire for something will not, in itself, have any influence on the price. Only when desire is supported by the ability and willingness to pay the price does it become an effective demand and has an influence in the market. Demand, in economics, means effective demand, and may be defined as 'the quantity of the commodity which will be demanded at any given price over some given period of time'.

Consider the following statements:

1. The demand for commodity X is 1 000 units.

2. The demand for commodityX, at a price of 6 p per unit, is 1 000 units.

3. The demand for commodityX, at a price of6p per unit, is 1 000 units per week.

Note that only the third statement is meaningful. The first statement is incomplete because the quantity demanded will be different at different price. The second statement tells us the quantity demanded at given price, but it does not tell us how long it will take to sell 1 000 units. Any definition of demand must say something about the quantity, the price, and the time period.

For the great majority of goods and services, experience show that the quantity demanded will increase as the price falls. This particular characteristic of demand may be illustrated by a table described as a demand schedule, or, as is more usual, by a demand curve, which is a graphical representation of the date in the demand schedule.

15. Составьте и напишите пересказ текста №2, используя данные ниже клише. Будьте готовы передать основное содержание текста на английском языке на основе составленного пересказа устно.

The headline of this text is demand. It deals with for the forces which determine price, and the strength of the desire for something will not, in itself, have any influence on the price.

The author starts by telling the reader that demand is not the same thing as desire, or need, or want. According to the text only when desire is supported by the ability and willingness to pay the price does it become an effective demand and has an influence in the market. The text also includes demand, in economics, means effective demand. Further the author states that demand may be defined as 'the quantity of the commodity which will be demanded at any given price over some given period of time'.

The text goes on to say that any definition of demand must say something about the quantity, the price, and the time period. In conclusion, for the great majority of goods and services, experience show that the quantity demanded will increase as the price falls.

I think the text is addressed to students. It will be particularly useful for those who study economics.

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