Figure 2.1 — State expenses on education in EU, million euro

Note — Source: [2, p. 45, figure 2].

¶

Formulas and other mathematical equations are printed in one line in 14 pt. Include a single space before and after all mathematical equations. Equation numbers must be aligned with the centered margin. Comments on all symbols are required afterwards separated from formula by comma. Use formula editing program available in MS Word.

Example — The following equation represents uncovered interest rate parity:

¶

                                                            (2.5)

¶

where  — is the expected future spot exchange rate at time ;

 —is the number of periods into the future from time t;

 — is the current spot exchange rate at time t;

 — is the interest rate in the US;

 — is the interest rate in a foreign country or currency area.

All tables, figures and formulas must appear exactly after references on them in text. Example — …in table 2.1; … (appendix А, table А); … on figure D.2 of appendix D…; … (figure 2.6); …using equation (8), …by formula (2.5).

Numeration of tables, figures, formulas is made within the limits of all work, or chapter, or appendix. Example — Table 3, Figure 3.1, Table B.2. If there is only one table or figure, don’t numerate it.

Enumeration, if they have references on in the text, are justified, and listed in logical order by numbers or by letters.

Example —

1) tariff methods;

2) non-tariff methods;

  а) quantitative;

  б) hidden;

в) financial;

3) internal economic policy methods.

If there are no references on enumerated positions, they can be listed without any numerations.

Example —

- raw materials – 0—5%;

- intermediate products and components – 5—15%;

- finished products – 15—25%.

Examples in the body needed to supplement the text are printed in 12—13 pt starting by following words with a dash: Note(s) — or Example(s)—. If they are many, enumerate notes.

Examples—

Note — Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer payment system and digital currency introduced as open source software in 2009 by pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto. It is a cryptocurrency, so-called because it uses cryptography to control the creation and transfer of money.

Example — The enterprise prefers DAF as a term of importing metal products delivery (the frontier between Ukraine-Belarus st. Khorobichy) (contract № LU/BEL-190107 signed 19.01.2007, Donetsk).

Notes

1 Fully convertible – When there are no restrictions or limitations on the amount of currency that can be traded on the international market.

2 Nonconvertible – Neither participate in the international FOREX market nor allow conversion of these currencies by individuals or companies.

Examples —

1 EXW – Ex Works (named place of delivery).

2 CPT – Carriage Paid To (named place of destination).

3 CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid to (named place of destination).

Notes can be footnoted.

Example—

The enterprise Ltd Belmetall prefers DAF as a term of importing metal products delivery (the frontier between Ukraine-Belarus st. Khorobichy)¹⁾.

____________________

¹⁾ Contract № LU/BEL-190107 signed 19.01.2007, Donetsk

Language and narration style must be scientific. Don’t use personal pronouns like “I”, “We”, use impersonal constructions.

Example — “in research the following findings were made”, “first the analysis was done”, “then the modeling of economic relations is needed”, etc.

All sections of work must be connected to each other logically united by one main idea within thesis. You may use the following expressions: “first”, “in the first place”, “than”, “in the one hand”, “therefore”, “thus”, “however”, “moreover”, “consequently”, “nevertheless”, “that is why”, “hereupon”, “in conclusion”, etc.

 

Summary

 

The summary is an overall conclusion of the thesis in 3 to5 pages. This section should summarize the nature and intention of the student's work, and include a brief restatement of conclusions presented in the body of the text.

The heading SUMMARY is centered in bold upper-case 14-point font. In double space the conclusion are presented in a short but valid and comprehensive manner. All conclusions are to be made and numerated consecutively by sections. Example — The analyses of investment climate of Belarus showed:

1) ….

2) ….

3) ….. etc.

The last point must consist of identified problems and practical recommendations to solve them.

 

Bibliography

A master’s thesis is written in academic language and the student shall refer to materials, results of different sources and authors in the prescribed manner. All sources for quotations and paraphrases must be documented. Student should use the standard citation styles (appendix N).

The bibliography or reference section should appear in one location at the end of the thesis before any appendices and should include all cited references.

Use of other materials without referring to the author or literature will result in the dissertation being returned at any stage of examination – this is plagiarism.

The term plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, the use, by paraphrase or direct quotation, of the published or unpublished work of another person without full or clear acknowledgment. It also includes the unacknowledged use of materials prepared by another person or agency engaged in the selling of term papers or other academic materials. Published or unpublished work might include art, graphics, computer programs, raw data, web sites, music and any other type of creative expression. The most obvious form of plagiarism is copying word-for-word without enclosing the copied work in quotation marks and without citing the original source in the text. Some advices to avoid plagiarism:

- Use own words and ideas. Practice is essential to learning. Each time you choose your words, order your thoughts, and convey your ideas, you can improve your writing.

- Give credit for copied, adapted, or paraphrased material. If you repeat another's exact words, you must use quotation marks and cite the source. If you adapt a chart or paraphrase a sentence, you must still cite the source. Paraphrase means that you restate the author's ideas, meaning, and information in your own words.

- Avoid using others' work with minor cosmetic changes. Examples: using “less” for “fewer”, reversing the order of a sentence, changing terms in a computer code, or altering a spreadsheet layout. If the work is essentially the same, you must give credit.

- There are no freebies. Always cite words, information, and ideas you use if they are new to you (learned in your research). No matter where you find it - even in an encyclopedia or on the Internet - you must cite it.

- Beware of common knowledge. You don't have to cite “common knowledge”, but the fact must be commonly known.

Bibliography of cited sources is listed in alphabetic order. The reference on source is put after the use of citation or quote in square brackets. Example — [11, p. 23], [2, p. 21, table 3].

The following information is usually included in citations of electronic sources: the author's name (if known) or screen name/alias; the full title of the document cited as a journal article; the title of the complete work (if applicable); version or file numbers (if applicable or known); the date of the document's publication or last revision (if applicable or known); the full http address (URL); the date you visited the web site.

Example —

Suranovic, S.M. Measuring Protectionism: Average Tariff Rates around the World // Suranovic, S.M. International Trade Theory and Policy [Electronic source] / S.M. Suranovic. — 2007. — Chapter 20-1. — Mode of access: http: //internationalecon.com/Trade/T-toc.php. — Date of access: 14.05.2011.

References made after tables, figures and formulas can be formatted in different manners.

Example —

1 Note — Source: [7, p. 8, figure 1].

2 Note — Source: [10, p. 45, table 8].

3 Note — Source: personally designed.

4 Note — Source: personally designed basing on [9, p. 30].

5 Note — Source: designed by author.

Usually bibliography consist of not less than 70 sources with majority of then issued in 2-3 last years including monographs, books, scientific articles, official reports, methodological recommendations, regulatory acts as well as publications of student on the matter of thesis etc. (appendix P).

Appendices

 

 

Supplementary data and materials on thesis matter (instructions; methodological recommendations; interim calculations; documents and data on which the research was made; specimen, other illustrations important for the results) are put in appendices according to their first appearance in the text. The format may include individual tables and/or figures with legends, text alone. References included in the appendices must be included in the comprehensive bibliography or reference section. The same format rules that apply to the text of the thesis must also apply to all appendices. References on appendices in the text are made in lower-case letters. Example — according to appendix А, … (appendix B), … (appendix D, figure D.1). All appendices must have references in the text.

Each appendix starts at the new page with the heading – APPENDIX – and its numeration by alphabetic letters (A, B, C, D, E etc. except I, O). The appendices have obligatory headings denoting the general idea presented in it. Those headings are then listed in table of contents.

Thus, several tables and figures can be united in one appendix under one heading. Tables, figures and formulas are numerated within the limits of uniting appendix. Example — Figure А.2 (second figure of first appendix), Table G.3 (third table of seventh appendix). If there is one table or one figure in appendix, there are given the number of the appendix. Example — Figure D (a figure of forth appendix), Table B (a table of second appendix). Each table, figure or formula must have an own title.

If some recommendations or findings made during research are fundamental and substantial, a relevant certificate can be made (see certificate form in appendix Р). Afterwards it must be enclosed to the thesis with other required documents.

APPENDIX A

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