Read the text and do the tasks after it.

King Hammurabi

 

The Code of Hammurabi

The history of law is closely connected to the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, dating back 3000 BC, contained a civil code consisting of twelve books. It was based on the concept of tradition, rhetorical speech, social equality and impartiality. By the 22nd century BC, the ancient Sumerian ruler Ur-Nammu had formulated the first law code, which is the earliest known legal text. It concerned largely the compensation for bodily injuries, and the penalties for witchcraft and runaway slaves. Around 1760 BC, King Hammurabi further developed Babylonian law, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as stelae, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Code Hammurabi. The most intact copy of the stelae was discovered in the 19th century, and translated into various languages, including English, German, and French.

 (Аbridged from the original texts provided by http: //www.historyoflaw.info )

3. Give English equivalents for the following:

1 гражданский кодекс
2 ораторская речь
3 социальное равенство
4 формулировать
5 свод законов
6 правовой документ
7 возмещение убытков
8 причинение вреда здоровью
9 наказание
10 кодифицировать

4. Answer the following questions:

1) When did the earliest laws appear?

2) Who formulated the first law code?

3) What issues did the early laws deal with?

4) What ancient rulers are mentioned in the text?

5) Where did Hammurabi place his law code and why?

5. Decide whether the following sentences are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG):

1) The history of law is connected with the development of Ancient Egypt. __________

2) Egyptian ruler Ur-Nammu formulated the first law code. __________

3) Babylonian law was codified by the King Hammurabi. __________

4) Babylonian law was written on paper. __________

5) The most intact copy of Hammurabi’s Code was found in the 19th century. __________

6)  Hammurabi’s Code was translated into 25 languages. __________

II. VOCABULARY FOCUS:  LEGAL

The adjective legal  can be translated into Russian in the following ways:

  legal person – юридическое лицо

  legal action – судебный иск

  legal owner – законный владелец

legal activities – правомерная, законная деятельность

    legal text – правовой документ

1. Match the following English terms with their Russian equivalents:

Part I

1 legal procedure	a стать юристом
2  legal protection	b  правовая защита
3 legal owner	c  юридическая терминология
4 legal expert	d использовать свое законное право
5 to enter the legal profession	e  судопроизводство
6 legal language	f  законный владелец
7 to enjoy one’s legal rights	g  юридическое лицо
8  legal entity	h  юрисконсульт

Part II

1 legal age	a профессиональная этика юриста
2 legal rights	b судебные издержки
3 legal decision	c правовой статус
4 legal advice	d совершеннолетие
5 legal status	e решение суда
6 legal ethics	f консультация юриста
7 legal costs	g законные права
8 legal address	h юридический адрес

2. Fill in the gaps with the terms with “legal” from the previous task.

1) If you need _______________ in Britain, you may go to a solicitor.

2) In some countries laws vary as to ____________ for drinking, buying alcohol and driving.

3) A lot of Latin words are widely used in ____________.

4) If the lawyer represents you in a court proceeding, you may have to pay a filing fee or other ____________ as well.

5) School graduates who decided ____________________ may find very prestigious work of a paralegal or a lawyer.

6) Law enforcement bodies ensure _______________ to all citizens of the country.

7) Laws vary from country to country so check the details with your local juvenile court for the correct _________________.

8) Establishing yourself as the _______________ in your area of specialization is one of the best ways to develop your law practice.

9) A corporation is a __________ because it is a person in the eyes of the law.

10) The business must designate a ______________, not a post office box, where business correspondence may be received.

 

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