Make up sentences from these words:

 

1. It, a, unique, is, dynamically, and, science, education, production, complex, in, Russia, developing.

2. credit, tests, term, ends, with, and, examinations, take, which, in, place, and, June, Each, January.

3. At, course, defend, of, the, training, end, all, prepare, graduates, their, projects, diploma, or, the, a, thesis.

4. These, specialists, developments, are, constantly, educational, improving, process, the, and, level, preparing, at, a, high.

5. at, University, our, at, a quarter, minutes, afternoon, past, eight, in, morning, and, Classes, are, the, over, at, ten, past, begin, three, in, the.

6. Those, who, study, graduates, have, courses, keen, in, interest,

research, are, for, recommended, further, at, post-graduate.

 

2. Complete the sentences:

 

Model: This subject is ... , but that subject is ... (easy).

        This cat is fat, but that cat is fatter.

 

1.This milk is …, but that milk is … (hot).

2.This woman is … than that woman (beautiful).

3.This classroom is … classroom in my school (large).

4.Your new idea is … than the last one (interesting).

5.London is … city in Great Britain (large).

6.It's a … mistake I've ever made (bad).

7.This boy is … , but that boy is … (lazy).

8.I drive a car … than you do (well).

9.This book costs … than I thought (little).

10.It’s … car I’ve ever driven (nice).

 

3. Complete the sentences using as … as, not so ... as. Translate into Russian:

1. I am ... … busy today … I was yesterday.

2. Has this author published ... many books this year ... he published last year?

3. Is your room ... clean ... always?

4. We should do this work … soon … possible.

5. Is this mobile telephone ... ... expensive ... it was some months ago?

6. My cousin is … beautiful ... she was a few years ago.

7. The weather is … nice today ... it was yesterday.

8. This boy is ... ... strong ... his elder brother.

 

3. Translate into English. Determine the tenses and the voices of the verbs:

1. He left for Moscow. 2. The news will be of great interest. 3. They were speaking to him. 4. She studied many subjects. 5. He was much spoken about. 6. New subjects will be studied next term. 7. I am working now. 8. The text has already been written by them. 9. He studies at our school. 10. You are playing chess, aren’t you? 11. The text is being translated at the moment. 12. Do you work at this lab? 13. When I saw him, he was going home. 14. They will have passed their exams by 3 o’clock.

15. This book was written by our teacher. 16. We shall be writing our tests at 10 o’clock. 17. The work will have been done when he comes. 18. We translated this text. 19. The letter had been written before we came. 20. We shall inform you. 21. These toys are made in Japan. 22. Does he work here? 23. Is he working now? 24. The conference will be held in May.

25. Rostov was named after Dmitry Rostovsky. 26. What are you doing here? 27. This work must be done at once. 28. You may take my book.

29. I am often asked at the lessons. 30. This article was being translated when I came.

UNIT 5. HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

One’s work may be finished someday,

but one’s education never.

(Alexandre Dumas)

I. Warm-up activities

1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:

Opportunity, citizen, development, progress, architect, lyceum, gymnasium, score, typical, available, government, degree, equivalent, function, widely, preparation, profound, specialization, to occur, research, completion, to receive, qualification, efficiency, forecasting, to occur, requirement, transition, to complain, investigation, through, equipment, tuition, fee, employer, society.

1.2. Match the columns:

1. higher education	1. обеспечивать
2. to go on in higher education	2. высшее образование
3. citizen	3. продолжать обучение в вузе
4. to provide	4. получить среднее образование
5. to train highly-qualified specialists	5. гражданин
6. to get secondary education	6. учиться без отрыва от производства (работы)
7. to take Unified National (State) Examination	7.готовить высококвалифицированных специалистов
8. to study without leaving job	8. сдавать Единый Государственный Экзамен
9. to be conducted by independent examining boards	9. получать высокие баллы
10. to get high scores	10. очная форма обучения
11. part-time or evening study	11. проводиться независимой экзаменационной комиссией
12. distance education system	12. очно-заочная форма обучения
13. full-time study	13. система дистанционного обучения
14. various number of courses or subjects within a field of specialization	14. поступать в аспирантуру
15. wide range of higher schools	15. широкий спектр вузов
16. disabled people	16. принять законопроект
17. within the Bologna Process	17. переход на двухуровневую систему образования
18. to approve the bill	18. в рамках Болонского процесса
19. transition to two-level higher education system	19. защищать диссертацию
20. to go for the doctoral programs	20. люди с ограниченными возможностями
21. to carry out independent research	21. несколько курсов или предметов в области специализации
22. to defend a dissertation	22. получить диплом
23. to keep training of specialists	23. выпускники медицинских, военных и технических вузов
24. graduates of medical, military and technical higher schools	24. проводить самостоятельное исследование
25. to receive the diploma	25. продолжать обучение специалистов
26. to involve employers in forecasting of requirements for education	26. недостаточно образованные люди («недоучки»)
27. to raise efficiency of use of cash means	27. вовлекать работодателей в прогнозирование требований к образованию
28. half-educated persons	28. расширять их участие в финансировании профессионального образования
29. to expand their participation in professional training financing	29. получать стипендию
30. to get scholarship	30. углубленные знания
31. to obtain knowledge in the fundamental sciences	31. получать знания по базовым предметам
32. advanced knowledge	32. переходный период
33. transitional period	33. главные цели реформы
34. the main objectives of the reform	34. децентрализовать систему высшего образования
35. to decentralize the higher education system	35. считаются одними из лучших
36. are considered to be one of the best	36. широко обсуждаются в российском обществе
37. to face many problems	37. жаловаться
38. to complain	38. плата за обучение
39. tuition fee	39. увеличить эффективность использования наличных средств
40. are widely discussed in Russian society	40. сталкиваться со множеством проблем в системе высшего образования

 

1.3. Match the words with their definitions:

1. citizen	1. a person having a physical or mental condition that limits their movements, senses, or activities
2. score	2. an inhabitant of a particular town or city
3. specialization	3. the money charged by an institution for instruction and training
4. disabled	4. a rating or grade, such as a mark achieved in a test
5. to approve	5. very great or intense
6. transition	6. for only part of the usual working day or week
7. profound	7. officially agree to or accept as satisfactory
8. full-time	8. occupying or using the whole of someone’s available working time
9. part-time	9. the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
10. tuition fee	10. the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill

 

 

II. Reading

 

Higher education plays an important role in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become engineers, doctors, architects, teachers and so on. There are more than 880 universities in Russia.

Every citizen of Russia has the right to education which is guaranteed by the Constitution. Every boy or girl must get secondary education. After finishing the 11th form of secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium young people can go on in higher education. They take the Unified National (State) Examination. Each exam is conducted by the independent examining boards. If a student gets high scores, such a result is considered to be good and he/she has an opportunity to enter some higher school. They can choose from a wide range of higher schools according to their abilities. The typical academic program for university students is composed of various number of courses or subjects within a field of specialization. Courses are a combination of lectures, seminars and the laboratory works. Many courses are available for disabled people.

In 2007 within the Bologna Process the government of the Russian Federation has approved the bill of transition to two-level higher education system. The bill provides introduction in Russia such levels of higher education, as a bachelor’s degree (the first level) and a master’s degree (the second level). These degrees are equivalent to B.S and M.S degree in the USA or Western Europe.

The first level prepares the student for performing functions in industrial, social, economic sphere (administrators, managers, experts in sales, etc.). Preparation at the first level passes in base directions, and profound specialization occurs at the second level. The persons with master’s degree focuses on analytical, design, research activity. Training at the first level lasts 4 years, and at the second level – 2 years. After completing the Master’s students can go for the doctoral programs. For this they carry out independent research, prepare and defend a thesis. The PhD (candidate's degree) is a degree received as a result of completion of dissertation.

Some higher educational institutions keep training of specialists. Graduates of medical, military and technical higher schools receive the diploma with qualification «specialist» in 5-6 years. This is because the Russian system of a professional training for these specialties cannot keep within in 4 years.

The two-level system is expected to raise efficiency of using state funded places, to involve employers in forecasting of requirements for education and to expand their participation in professional training financing.

But some people are not ready to joining Russia to Bologna Process. The opinion exists that bachelors are half-educated persons. Many students still wish to study 5 years and to end the higher school with the diploma of the specialist. But the bachelor has the full higher education. The transition to two-level system is expected to make the Russian education system more dynamical and modern.

Higher educational institutions, that is, universities, institutes, and academies offer the full-time, part-time (or evening) and distance education system. The evening and distance education departments give their students an opportunity to study without leaving their jobs. If the results of the exams are good and excellent at the end of each semester, the students of full-time departments get scholarship.

The academic year in Russian higher schools starts in September and ends in June. The academic year is divided into two semesters: the winter semester and the summer one. At the end of each semester students take their exams. Twice a year students have holidays.

The first- and second-year students obtain knowledge in the fundamental sciences. Specialization usually begins in the third year. Students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests so to say, their «major» subjects.

The profound study of theory is accompanied by practical training, first in specially equipped laboratories and workshops, then in various enterprises. Besides their studies students carry on research in different fields of science and technology and take part in students’ scientific and technical conferences where they make reports on their investigations.

The system of secondary and higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedoms to faculties and students. Every year finances are allocated for upgrading facilities and technical equipment at Russian universities, and improving training for teaching staff.

Although the standards of higher education in Russia are considered to be one of the best, there are many problems we are facing in our higher education. For instance, higher schools complain that the equipment which is used at universities is not modern enough, tuition fee is growing, the scholarship and teacher’s salary are low. All these problems are widely discussed in Russian society.

III. Comprehension check

3.1. Answer the questions:

 

1. Does higher education plays an important role in the life of any country?

2. What examinations do students take to enter the higher school?

3. When did the Russian Federation join the Bologna Process?

4. What are two levels of higher education?

5. What are the aims of the two-level system?

6. Why are some people against joining Russia to Bologna Process?

7. What are forms of studying at the higher educational institutions?

8. Do all students get scholarship?

9. What are the main objectives of the educational reform?

10. What problems do Russian people face in higher education?

 

3.2. Make up the sentence of two parts:

1. Every citizen of Russia has the right to education	1. young people can go on in higher education
2. After finishing the 11th form of secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium	2. provided in the US or Western Europe
3. If a student gets high scores, such a result is considered to be good	3. which is guaranteed by the Constitution
4. In 2007 within the Bologna Process the government of the Russian Federation has approved	4. and he/she has an opportunity to enter higher school
5. These degrees are equivalent to B.S and M.S degree	5. training of specialists
6. Some higher educational institutions keep	6. the bill of transition to two-level higher education system
7. The opinion exists	7. first in specially equipped laboratories and workshops, then in various plants
8. Transition to two-level system will make Russian education system	8. through a transitional period
9. The profound study of theory is accompanied by practical training,	9. more dynamical and modern
10. The system of secondary and higher education in Russia is going	10. that bachelors are half-educated persons

 

 

3.3. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:

 

1. Every citizen of Russia has the right to education which is guaranteed by the Constitution.

2. After finishing the 9th form of secondary school young people take the Unified National Examination.

3. The Russian Federation joined the Bologna Process in 2008.

4. Some higher schools didn’t approve the transition to two-level higher education system.

5. Training at the first level lasts 4 years, and at the second level – 2 years.

6. The two-level system improved the quality of the higher education in Russia.

7.  The students of the evening department pay for their education.

8. The academic year is divided into two semesters: the winter semester and the summer one.

9. There are many problems we are facing in our higher education.

10. The scholarship and teacher’s salary are rather high.

 

IV. Grammar in Focus:

4.1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the different forms of Passive. Make up negative and question forms if it is possible:

1. The new educational programs are developed by the experts every year. – New educational programs are being developed by the experts nowadays.

2. The new educational law was approved last year. The experts were discussing the new educational law from March till May. The new educational law was being discussed by the experts from March till May.

3. The Unified National Exam will be taken by the students next week. The students will be taking the Unified National Exams from the end of May till the mid of June.

4. The tests were checked by the independent examining boards two hours ago. The examining board was checking the tests the whole    morning. The tests were being checked by the examining board from 9 till 11 a.m.

5. What was done to improve the educational system last year? New educational standards are being developed these days.

6. The tuition fee is risen at the universities every year but the modern equipment isn’t used in the laboratories. The new laboratory equipment will be installed next year.

7. What issues are being discussed at the meeting now? What issues were discussed last week? What issues were being discussed when we came?

4.2. Make up all possible questions to these sentences. Give the negative form:

1. At the end of each semester students take their exams.

2. The students are taking Unified National Exams in the classroom Nr. 27 now.

3. The new laboratory equipment will be installed in the building
2 next year.

4.3. Write the Passive Progressive of these sentences. Use words now, from … till, the whole month/morning etc:

1. The problems of higher education are widely discussed in the Russian society.

2. The new educational standards were developed by the experts
three years ago.

3. Each exam is conducted by the independent examining boards.

4. A group of experts discussed a very serious matter yesterday.

5. We use these programs in our work.

6. The experts were discussing the transition to two-level system the whole academic year.

7. The teacher is correcting mistakes in our tests now.

8. This experiment was carried out by our professor last semester.

9. The dean is looking through the list of the applicants now.

10. Our group was examined in the room Nr. 224 yesterday.

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