MODULE 6 «SOCIAL-CULTURAL FIELD OF COMMUNICATION, PART 2»

 

UNIT 12. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS

OF GLOBALIZATION

 

It has been said that arguing

against globalization

is like arguing against the laws of gravity.

Kofi Annan

Рис. 32

 

 

I. Warm-up activities

1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:

 

Friction, key, without, awareness, to perceive, diffusion, certain, issue, spread, unaffiliated, immediately, debatable, outsourcing, vital, culture, burden, domestic, to thrive, fierce, significantly, tedious, thereby, commodity, horizon, restriction, poverty, extinct, drastically, to exploit.

1.2. Match the columns:

1. to unify into a single society	1. уменьшаться
2. «friction of distance»	2. рост осведомленности, информативности
3. to shrink	3. «стирание расстояния»
4. to increase in awareness	4. понимать
5. to flee (fled, fled) a place of danger	5. спасаться бегством из опасных мест
6. to perceive	6. объединяться в единое общество
7. lower wages push individuals	7. низкий рост зарплаты людей
8. to pop up	8. не являющийся филиалом, самостоятельный
9. unaffiliated	9. всплыть, появиться
10. outsourcing	10. сдерживать, контролировать цены
11. income generation	11. привлечение сторонних ресурсов
12. to keep in check prices	12. оспаривать
13. to contest	13. возникновение, появление
14. to acquire labour force	14. продукт, товар, предмет потребления
15. onset	15. приобретать рабочую силу
16. calamity	16. отрицательно влиять
17. to affect adversely	17. получение доходов
18. commodity	18. освоение новых рынков
19. tapping the untapped markets	19. в последнюю очередь
20. the last but not least	20. с широким использованием ручного труда
21. labor-intensive countries	21. подтверждать; поддержать
22. to sustain	22. сдерживать, удерживать, сохранять
23. to enhance	23. увеличить, усилить, расширить
24. to retain	24. бедствие, катастрофа
25. extent	25. объём, степень, размер
26. backbone of every economy	26. ограничение
27. supply chain	27. обычный, стандартный
28. restriction	28. система снабжения
29. to familiarize	29. истоки, начало
30. customary	30. познакомить, ознакомить
31. dawn	31. утрата культуры
32. to pose	32. неравномерное распределение материального благосостояния
33. loss of сulture	33. представлять собой, являться
34. to take a backseat	34. уничтожать
35. uneven wealth distribution	35. отойти на второй план
36. to deplete	36. на грани исчезновения
37. on the verge of becoming extinct	37. жесткая конкуренция
38. cut-throat competition	38. несоответствие, неравенство
39. disparity	39. сущность любой экономики
40. to owe	40. приписывать, быть обязанным

 

1.3. Match the words with their definitions:

 

1. globalization	1. a process by which people move about the world in search of a new home, a new job, or flee a place of danger.
2. migration	2. worldwide
3. diffusion of knowledge	3. a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together.
4. global	4. obtain (goods or a service) by contract from an outside supplier:
5. to outsource	5. a process by which any new found knowledge «spreads out» around the world
6. competition	6. a process connected with the destruction of cultural identity of some nations
7. monopoly	7. general direction, tendency
8. loss of culture	8. trying to do better than others
9. disparity	9. a situation wherein only one seller has a say in a particular product or products
10. to trend	10. a huge income gap between the developed and the developing countries

 

 

II. Reading

 

Part 1. GLOBALIZATION AND ITS key characteristics:

Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. It’s a movement of people, goods, capital and ideas due to
increased economic integration.

The idea of globalization may be simplified by identifying several key characteristics:

Improved Technology in Transportation and Telecommunications

In years past, people across the globe did not have the ability to
communicate and could not interact without difficulty. Nowadays, a mobile phone, fax, e-mail, Skype can easily be used to connect people.
In short, the world begins to metaphorically shrink.

Movement of People and Capital

A general increase in awareness and transportation technology has
allowed for people to move about the world in search of a new home,
a new job, or to flee a place of danger. Most migration takes place within or between developing countries, possibly because lower standards of
living and lower wages push individuals to places with a greater chance for
economic success.

Additionally, capital (money) is being moved globally with the ease of electronic transference and a rise in perceived investment opportunities. Developing countries are a popular place for investors to place their capital because of the enormous room for growth.

Diffusion of Knowledge

The word «diffusion» simply means «to spread out», and that is
exactly what any new found knowledge does. When a new invention or way of doing something pops up, it does not stay secret for long.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Multinational Corporations

So called non-governmental organizations bring together people unaffiliated with the government and can be nationally or globally focused. Many international NGOs deal with issues that do not pay attention to borders (such as global climate change, energy use, or child labor regulations). Examples of NGOs include Amnesty International or Doctors without Borders.

As countries are connected to the rest of the world (through increased communication and transportation) they immediately form what a business would call a market. As more and more markets are opening up, business people from around the globe are coming together to form multinational corporations in order to access these new markets. Another reason that businesses are going global is that some jobs can be done by foreign
workers for a much cheaper cost than domestic workers, this is called
outsourcing.

Globalization is a debatable subject. While some are of the opinion that it has a lot of ill-effects upon the society, there exist others who feel exactly the opposite. Some opine that it has made life extremely easier and comfortable. For a better picture, let us take a look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.

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