Top 10 of Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations

 

A number of International Organizations have been set up to deal with issues that concern the world in general, rather than the interests of the individual countries. Here is a list of top 10 International Organizations by Topyaps.

 

10. International Monetary Fund (IMF):

The IMF was established in 1944 and promotes world trade. It has 184 member countries. Headquartered in Washington D.C., it works to improve the financial condition of its member countries.

 

9. World Wildlife Fund (WWF):

 

The WWF was set up in 1961 and is the world’s largest conservation organization. Its main aim is to protect endangered animals and the placed where they live.

 

8. World Health Organization (WHO):

 

The WHO is a part of the United Nations. It promotes health matters worldwide and aims to raise medical standards and monitor diseases.

 

7. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) :

 

UNICEF was set up in 1947. It works to improve the health and welfare of children and mothers in developing countries.

 

6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):

UNESCO was set up in 1946. It encourages countries to get together on matters such as education, culture and science.

5. World Bank:

This International Financial Institution was founded in 1944 which works on reducing poverty. It helps developing countries by giving loans.

 

4. World Trade Organization (WTO):

The Swiss based WTO encourages International trade by establishing trade agreements between countries. With 153 member countries and consisting more than 97% of entire world trade, it propagates the International trade policies.

 

3. Group of 8 (G8):

 

The Group of 8 is made up of the world’s leading industrial countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, the USA and Russia). The head of the G8 countries meet each year to discuss global issues such as world poverty and security.

 

2. United Nations (UN):

 

The UN was founded in 1945. Most countries of the world – a total of 191, are members. The general assembly of UN makes decision about peacekeeping and human rights.

1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

 

The NATO was founded in 1949 in Washington. The foreign ministers of 10 countries signed a defense treaty that committed them to helping each other in the event of attack. There are now 26 country members with headquartered in Belgium.

TEXT 2. Intergovernmental organizations:

United Nations Organization

It’s your world! (the motto of the UNO).

I. I. Warm-up activities

1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:

Humanitarian, nature, encouragement, Chinese, representatives, majo-rity, budget, proposal, annual, health, though, to strengthen, judicial, headquarters, to adjudicate, advisory, military, procedure, to ensure, neighbouring, statute.

1.2. Translate some proper and geographical names:

General Assembly, Security Council, The Economic and Social Council, The International Court of Justice, Secretariat, Trusteeship Council, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Chief Coordinating Agency, UN Charter, World Court, Hague, the Netherlands, Court's statute, League of Nations, Afro-Asian region.

1.3. Find the Russian equivalents:

Main aims; to maintain international peace and security; requisitioning military forces; promotion and encouragement of respect for human rights; to approve the budget; to allocate; «Veto» power; to settle disputes; to strengthen the economic relations; to vote against the proposal; advisory opinion; statute; non-self-governing territories; nations defeated at the end of the World War II; attained; to suspend.

Главные цели; обращаться за помощью к вооруженным силам; поддерживать всеобщий мир и безопасность; одобрять бюджет; размещать; содействие и поддержка в соблюдении прав человека; право «вето»; укреплять экономические отношения; голосовать против проекта; несуверенные территории; устав государства; консультативное заключение; государства, потерпевшие поражение во Второй мировой войне; достигнутый; временно приостановить; разрешать споры.

 

1.4. Match the words with their definitions:

 

1. headquarters	1. the action of proposing a plan or suggestion
2. annual	2. resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem)
3. proposal	3. the premises serving as the managerial and administrative centre of an organization
4. to settle	4. occurring once every year
5. advisory opinion	5. a non-binding statement on a point of law given by a court before a case is tried or with regard to a hypothetical issue or situation.
6. defeated	6. defer or delay (an action, event, or judgement)
7. to suspend	7. the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope
8. to fulfill	8. concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare
9. encouragement	9. having been beaten in a battle or other contest
10. humanitarian	10. achieve or realize (something desired, promised, or predicted)

 

 

II. Reading

 Рис.

The United Nations Organization (UNO) was founded in 1945 after the World War II. The main aims of UNO are to maintain peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations. Also the UNO should support the international cooperation in solving problems of economic, social and humanitarian nature; promotion and encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedom and to be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations. The UNO consists of about 200 member states. The headquarters is located in Manhattan, New York City, USA.

Рис

 

The official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish. The United Nations Secretariat is headed by the UN Secretary General. It provides studies, information, and all facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their respective meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.

The six principal organs of UNO are:

1. The General Assembly.

2. The Security Council.

3. The Economic and Social Council.

4. The International Court of Justice.

5. The Secretariat.

6. The Trusteeship Council.

UN General Assembly

It is the main organ of the UN consisting of representatives of all the members of the U.N. Each member state has a single vote and all members are equally placed, unlike in the case of the Security Council. It generally holds regular annual session in September. Decisions are taken based on simple majority, but in cases of peace security, election of new UN members and budget, a two-thirds majority vote is required.

UN General Assembly elects the ten non-permanent members of the Security Council. It elects members of The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). UN General Assembly elects along with the Security Council Judges of the International Court of Justice. It appoints UN Secretary General, based on the recommendation of the Security Council. It
approves the UN budget. It receives and considers reports from the other
UN organs.

UN Security Council

It is responsible for the maintenance of World Peace. It has 15 countries as members. Five of them are permanent members – the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Russia, France and China.

The five permanent members of the Security Council have special vo-ting rights known as «Veto» power. Any decision in the Security Council can be taken only with the support of at least nine members including that of five permanent members. Thus, no decision can be taken in the Council, even if one permanent member votes against the proposal.

The Council powers include taking decisions to settle disputes among member states, requisitioning military forces; approving admission of countries as new members, recommending to the General Assembly on appointment of Secretary General, etc.

The Nobel Peace Prize was given to the UN Security Council in 1988 for its role in establishing peace in the World by means of resolution of conflicts.

Economic and Social Council

The ECOSOC is the Chief Coordinating Agency of the UN in the
economic and social sectors between the UN and the specialized institutions of the UN. It consists of 54 members, meets twice a year. Its main activities include conducting studies and making recommendations on social, economic, educational, health and related matters in the world with special focus on the least developed countries. It carries its activities through nine functional commissions. These commissions were set up to focus on specific areas like human rights, population and social development, status of women etc. The main purpose of these commissions are to assist in raising the level of economic activity in their respective regions and to strengthen the economic relations of the states among themselves and with others.

International Court of Justice

The ICJ is established in 1945 by the UN Charter. It is the main judicial organ of the UNO. It is also commonly known as the World Court. ICJ has its headquarters at Hague, the Netherlands. It is composed of fifteen judges elected to six year terms by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council. It is meant to adjudicate on the disputes referred to it by the members and to give advisory opinion on matters referred to it by the UN Security Council or General Assembly. As stated in the UN Charter, all 192 member states of UN are parties to the Court’s statute.

Secretariat

    The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.

    The Secretary-General acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN.

UN Trusteeship Council

The United Nations Trusteeship Council is one of the six principal organs of the U.N formed in 1945. It was established to ensure that non-self-governing territories were governed in the best interests of the people
living in there and of international peace and security.

 The Trusteeship Council was suspended from operation on 1 November 1994 as its mission was fulfilled. Its future role and existence remains uncertain.

III. Comprehension check

3.1. Answer the questions:

1. When was the United Nations Organization (UNO) founded?

2. What are the main aims of UNO?

3. How many states does UNO consist of?

4. Is the headquarters of the United Nations Organization located in Washington?

5. What are the official languages of UNO?

6. What are the principal organs of UNO ?

7. Is Security Council the main organ of the United Nations Organization?

8. What are the functions of the UN General Assembly?

9. What is the UN Security Council responsible for?

10.What are the main activities of the Economic and Social Council?

11. When was the International Court of Justice established ?

12. Where is its headquarters?

13. What is the main task of the World Court?

14. What are the powers of UN Secretariat?

15. Who is the UN Secretary nowadays?

 

3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:

1. The United Nations Organization (UNO) was founded in 1953 after the World War II.

2. The UNO consists of about 200 member states.

3. The headquarters is located in New York.

4. The first UN Secretary General was elected in 1946.

5. UN General Assembly elects members of International Court of Justice and Security Council.

6. The United Nations Secretariat is headed by the League of Nations.

7. The main organ of the UN is UN General Assembly.

8. ICJ has its headquarters in Netherlands.

9. UN Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of status of women.

10. The ECOSOC is the Chief Coordinating Agency of the UN in the

economic and social sectors.

11. The purpose of the International Court of Justice is taking decisions to settle disputes among member states, requisitioning military forces, approving admission of countries as new members.

12. The Trusteeship Council was suspended from operation for 20 years.

3.3. Match one of the six principal organs of UNO with its fun-ction:

1. It is responsible for the maintenance of World Peace.

2. It was established to ensure that non-self-governing territories were governed in the best interests of the people living in there and of international peace and security.

3. It is meant to adjudicate on the disputes referred to it by the members and to give advisory opinion on matters referred to it by the UN Security Council or General Assembly.

4. Its powers include taking decisions to settle disputes among member states, requisitioning military forces; from the members for peace keeping operations, approving admission of countries as new members, recommending to the General Assembly on appointment of Secretary General.

5. Its main activities include conducting studies and making recommendations on social, economic, educational, health and related matters in the world with special focus on the least developed countries.

6. It elects members of The Economic and Social Council and Trus-teeship Council. It elects along with the Security Council Judges of the
International Court of Justice. It appoints UN Secretary General, based on the recommendation of the Security Council. It approves the UN budget.
It receives and considers reports from the other UN organs.

IV. Grammar in Focus

4.1. State the principal and secondary parts of the following simple sentences:

1. I saw a film yesterday.

2. Everybody liked the idea of going on an excursion.

3. Не has invited me to his birthday party.

4. It was very difficult for him to solve the problem.

5. Anybody can answer this question.

6. Is your father sleeping now?

7. They read sport texts at their English lessons.

8. Will your friend have an English lesson tomorrow?

9. The train leaving from platform six goes to London.

10. The match planned for tomorrow must be put off.

⇐ Предыдущая33343536373839404142Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: