Fill in the following table.

Criminal act	Crime	Criminal
	Arson
To vandalize
		Kidnapper
	Espionage
To forge
	Treason
To embezzle
		Assailant
	Fraud
To shoplift
		Burglar
	Pickpocketing
To terrorize
		Thief
	Robbery
To desert
		Blackmailer
	Rape
To extort
		Mugger
	Murder
		Drug dealer
To assassinate
	Smuggling
To bribe
	Manslaughter
		Pirate
To hijack
	Counterfeiting

What do you know about the following notorious criminals?

Cain

Marcus Junius Brutus

Gaius Longinus Cassius

Guy Fawkes

Alessandro Cagliostro

Jack the Ripper

Mata Hari

Bonnie and Clyde

Alphonse Capone

Lee Harvey Oswald

Listening (2)

Listen to the record and answer the question to these crime news reports.

Listening (A) (0: 44)

1.What was found by police when they raided the house of suspected

criminals? __________________________________________________________

2.How old are the criminals? ________________________________________________

3.Where is the house situated? _________________________________________

4.Why might them be placed under house arrest instead of dentition cell? ____________________________________________________________

Listening (B ) (1: 31)

1.What are Calabrian mafia’s mobsters accused of? __________________________________

2.What facts witness that they inspired terror among local people? ______________________

3.What opportunities did the recession provide for mafia godfathers? ____________________

Listening (C) (1: 01)

1.What was the second party in the negotiations lead by Stern Hu? _______________________________________________________________

2.What was the subject of the negations? ____________________________________________

3.What does the statement from the Shanghai office of the National Security Agency say about methods Mr.Hu used during the talks? ___________________________

4.When was Mr. Hu detained by police? ________________________________

Look at these summaries of the CRIME NEWS and fill in the gaps.

Detained, alleged, bribing, drug-trafficking ring, investigation, accused of stealing, mafia, cocaine

A) Police in Chile have arrested two women, aged 72 and 80, after finding a stash of________________and cash in their house. It's thought that the women have been operating a _________________________________________________in the area for years.

B) One of the biggest recent trials of ________mafia gangsters in Italy is to continue following a major __________into mob crime. The__________ has allegedly extended its reach from the south to the richer north.

C) Four employees of the Rio Tinto mining company have been ____________ by Chinese authorities. According to reports in China's state media, they are __________ state secrets and__________________________ employees of Chinese steel companies.

 

UNIT 8

                                     Text 1 UK punishment

Before you read think:

-When the sentence becomes known to the criminal? Who passes verdicts? Who sentence the criminal to punishment?

-What are the possible verdicts/sentences? What are the principles according to which they are passed? What is the most and the least serious punishment? What are the ways to avoid prison? Who is the last person to sentence a criminal?

 

Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage into Russian.

The punishment you can expect if you are convicted of a crime will depend on what crime you committed. The law in the UK allocates punishment that is linked to the severity of the crime. Therefore theft for instance carries a lesser punishment than murder.

The courts are guided as to the sentences and other punishments they can hand down to offenders. The law is regularly reviewed with sentences for some crimes increased as public pressure has indicated that the current punishment isn’t severe enough. The punishment should always fit the crime under UK law.

The vast majority of punishments are handed down by the magistrates’ court as these courts deal with most of the criminal cases in the UK. Magistrates’ do, however, have limited powers and can refer an offender to the Crown Court if they think that the offender should receive a higher fine or longer sentence than they can impose. Some crimes also have automatic prison sentences.

Offenders who are found guilty will usually get either an absolute discharge or a conditional discharge. An absolute discharge means that no further action will be taken against the offender. The offender still has a criminal record, but the court will take no action against them. A conditional discharge means that the offender will not get a punishment right away, but if they reoffend the court will hand down a punishment for the original crime and the new one they have committed.

Young Offenders

Anyone that is under the age of 21 could have a number of sentences imposed on them. In the UK there is an emphasis on rehabilitation of offenders where this is possible by sending them to institutions that can help them modify their behaviour.

Very young children between the ages of 12-16 can be sent to a secure children’s home. Local authorities run these institutions. Young Offenders Institutions (YOIs) are for offenders between the ages of 15 and 21. The prison service runs these institutions that have a focus on education. Secure Training Centres are for offenders up the age of 17. They offer vocational training and education.

If you are a repeat offender, and between the ages of 12 and 17 the court may decide that the best way to punish you and offer you rehabilitation is to use a Detention and Training Order (DTO). You will be sent to an institution for between 4 months and 2 years. Half of your sentence will be spent in the institution itself, with the second half spent in the community under the supervision of the Youth Offending Team.

If the offence that you have committed means it will be heard at the Crown Court and the offence if committed by an adult could receive a sentence of 14 years or more, you could be sentenced under Section 90/91. Section 90 is for murder, with section 91 available if the court wants to impose a longer sentence.

 

                                  Community Sentences

Often the court may decide that a custodial sentence would not be in the best interest of the offender. Simply locking people behind bars is not seen as the best way to rehabilitate them. The courts have a wide-range of other powers and sentences they can use to avoid sending an offender to prison if they feel this would not be appropriate. These sentences include:

• Fines. This is the most common form of punishment for minor offences.
• Referral Orders. The magistrate may refer the offender to the Youth Offender Panel that will decide on an appropriate punishment.
• Community Punishment Order. These are usually handed to offenders between the ages of 16 and 17. They involve the offender doing unpaid work in the community.
• Supervision Orders. These can last up to 3 years. The Youth Offending Team will supervise the work that the offender will carry out under these orders.

Generally the courts will try and match the punishment to the offence that has been committed. Detailed guidelines are available to all judges that will tell them the maximum sentence they can impose. Most crimes however don’t end with a prison sentence, as community service that offers society what is called ‘ restorative justice’ is more appropriate for most crimes as the offenders repair the damage that their crime has caused.

                                                   Exercises

1. Find the equivalents to the following:

назначить наказание соответствующее преступлению, условное освобождение, , повторно совершить преступление, , исправить поведение, учреждения для малолетних преступников, учебные центры закрытого типа, рецидивист, предписание о задержании и принудительном обучении, судимость детские дома закрытого типа, под надзором, сотрудники комиссии по делам несовершеннолетних, вынести более суровый приговор, приговор о содержании под стражей, запирать за решетку, предписание, , неоплачиваемая работа, , тюремный приговор, общественные работы, реабилитация преступников.

 

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