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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Редакционно-издательского советаСтр 1 из 7Следующая ⇒
А.С. Разорвина Кафедра иностранных языков АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов неязыковых специальностей GET READY FOR I –EXAM Ульяновск 2018 УДК 372.8: 811.111 ББК 74.268.1 Англ Р – 17 Печатается по решению Редакционно-издательского совета ФГБОУ ВО «УлГПУ им. И.Н.Ульянова» Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов неязыковых специальностей «GET READY FOR I –EXAM» / Разорвина А.С. – Ульяновск: УлГПУ, 2017. – 36 с.
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для подготовки студентов неязыковых специальностей к электронному тестированию по английскому языку. Рекомендации содержат необходимые учебно-практические материалы по всем дидактическим единицам, включенным в обязательный перечень. УДК 372.8: 811.111 ББК 74.268.1 Англ Р – 17 Рецензент: Золотарева Т.А., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка. © Оформление ФГБОУ ВО «УлГПУ им. И.Н. Ульянова» Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов неязыковых специальностей «GET READY FOR I –EXAM» рассчитано на студентов неязыковых специальностей и предназначено помочь им оптимально организовать процесс подготовки к электронному тестированию. Пособие содержит необходимые учебно-практические материалы по всем дидактическим единицам, включенным в обязательный перечень. Все задания структурированы в соответствии с форматом самого тестирования. Подготовка к тестированию предполагает, прежде всего, ознакомление с форматом теста: расположением материала и формулировкой заданий. Далее следует определить, какой грамматический материал должен быть использован при выполнении соответствующего блока заданий. Следует учесть, что отдельные вопросы требуют глубокой самостоятельной проработки с использованием специальной справочной литературы, включая интернет-источники. В процессе подготовки к тестированию у студентов могут возникнуть трудности при выполнении заданий по страноведению и профессиональной терминологии, что предполагает более глубокое изучение профессиональной и специальной справочной литературы. При выполнении заданий по чтению необходимо обратить внимание на количество требуемых правильных опций (одна или не менее двух). Затем следует тщательно проработать текст и задания к нему. Все тексты разбиты на абзацы. При определении основной идеи текста необходимо иметь в виду, что она должна отражаться во всех абзацах. Пособие рассчитано, прежде всего, на студентов неязыковых специальностей, однако оно может быть использовано широким кругом лиц, изучающих английский язык самостоятельно. GET READY FOR I –EXAM ЛЕКСИКА Укажите правильный вариант ответа. 1. Universities ________ students on the results of entrance exams. a. admit b. enter c. exile d. encourage 2. Listen to my reading and don’t _______ to correct me if I make a mistake. a. mind b. pause c. be afraid d. hesitate 3. A declarative sentence that is either true or false is … a. a statement b. an argument c. thinking d. reasoning 4. Success in one _______ doesn’t influence another. a. training aids b. subject c. teaching d. curriculum 5. They touched upon a wide _______ of subjects in their conversation. a. topic b. majority c. range d. deal 6. During Peter I’s ______ Russia won many glorious victories. a. reign b. monarchy c. ruling d. governance 7. A branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality – that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, justice, etc. is … a. ethics b. aesthetics c. religion d. logic 8. You are supposed to learn this poem … a. aloud b. by heart c. in a written form d. by literal 9. The company made a public _______ that the prices would decrease. a. appointment b. advertisement c. announcement d. broadcast 10. Early man used to ______ the Sun and the Moon as his gods. a. admire b. like c. refer d. worship 11. The process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies that provides the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society is … a. education b. learning c. internalization d. socialization 12. He is a manager and he has to _______ with any complaint. a. deal b. make c. consider d. examine 13. College education in the USA is aimed at the development of ______ skills. a. vocational b. literal c. oral d. long-term 14. A branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech is … a. grammar b. phonetics c. semantics d. morphology 15. Listen to my reading and don’t _______ to correct me if I make a mistake. a. mind b. hesitate c. pause d. be afraid ГРАММАТИКА Словообразование 1. London is home to one of the United Kingdom’s most important ______, the Queen. a. residence b. reside c. residentiary d. residents 2. Doing sports can really __________ your muscles. a. strengthen b. strength c. strong d. strongly 3. Look _______ through the notes before you start writing. a. careful b. carefully c. careless d. carefree 4. In all the countryside there was no garden so _______ as his. a. loving b. love c. loveliness d. lovely 5. London is popular with foreigners, who visit the city in order to see many of its ______ buildings and tourist attractions. a. unfamiliar b. famous c. familiar d. famously 6. We all watched __________ as Mark made his speech of thanks. a. nervous b. nervy c. nervously d. nerveless 7. She was so ________ that she lost all her money at the casino. a. unlucky b. luck c. lucky d. luckily 8. The man we interviewed for the job was ________ but we weren’t very impressed with his appearance. a. intelligence b. intellective c. unintelligent d. intelligent 9. John left his job because he was _____ to deal with such a large amount of work. a. ability b. able c. uponable d. unable 10. People who can only speak their own language are called ____. a. linguist b. monolingual c. bilingual d. linguistic Местоимение 1. There aren’t ______ easy ways of learning languages. a. any b. some c. no d. few 2. I can hear a noise; I think _______ is outside. a. somebody b. some c. anybody d. nobody 3. This is a book _______ is definitely going to be a bestseller. a. which b. what c. who d. whose 4. She gave him _______ water to wash his hands and face. a. a little b. many c. few d. a few 5. I know ___ and his sister quite well. a. his b. him c. himself d. he 6. Normally I check ___ e-mail after lunch. a.mine b. me c. my d. myself Предлоги, артикли. 1. They discussed, ________ other things, recent events in Europe. a. among b. between c. by d. at 2. Walk ________ the station, but turn right a couple of blocks before you get there. a. towards b. in c. from d. into 3. We should arrive _______ Paris at six in the morning. a. in b.at c. to d.out of 4. Tom’s away at the moment. He’s _______ holiday in France. a. on b. at c. in d. for 5. There’s a regular air-service ________ those two cities. a. between b. among c. at d. about 6. Mary hasn’t seen her distant relatives ________ three years. a. for b. since c. from d. before 7. You were rude ________ him for no reason. a. to b. at c. with d. on 8. Last year we went to ________ Greece. a. an b. – c. the d. a 9. ___ Americans are keen to win the race to send human beings to Mars. a. A b. An c. The d. – 10. Mark Twain said, ”When in doubt tell ___ truth.” a. a b. an c. the Глагол и его формы 1. By the time we all returned from holiday father and Bob _______ redecorating the kitchen. a. had finished b. finished c. has finished d. have finished 2. Their car is at the garage. It _______ now. a. is repairing b. is repaired
c. is being repaired d. has repaired 3. Her secret was given _______ by her friend by mistake. a. in b. up c. off d. away 4. Quite luckily, Nick’s departure was delayed by one day and so we ________ to spend one more evening together. a. had b. were able c. ought d. might 5. My youngest brother _______ a new job a week ago. a. has got b. gets c. had got d. got 6. We can’t give refunds on articles of clothes that … a. have been worn b. are wearing c. are being worn d. have worn 7. You ________ wash the car. The paint is still wet. a. needn’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. have to 8. The train _________ in a minute later, the two brothers parted. a. coming b. to be coming c. have come d. having come 9. Books _______ for centuries to preserve and distribute information. a. have been used b. are used c. are being used d. have been using 10. He will be late for the train if he _______ at once. a. wouldn’t start b. won’t start c. didn’t start d. doesn’t start 11. The hall _______ before the academic year began. a. was painted b. was painting c. painted d. had been painted 12. Before ________ anything you should ask the price. a. having bought b. buying c. to buy d. having been bought 13. I bought everything we need yesterday so I ________ go shopping today. a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. ought not to d. don’t have to 14. He is clever enough _______ the crossword. a. to have done b. to do c. doing d. do 15. I saw him ________ her handkerchief. a. pick up b. to pick up c. having picked up d. picked up СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЕ Great Britain 1. One of the most popular, very slow and long English summer games played on a green field by two teams of eleven players each is called … a. lawn tennis b. cricket c. golf d. football 2. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain from … a. England b. France c. Ireland d. Scotland 3. The part of the UK which is officially bilingual is … a. England b. Northern Ireland c. Scotland d. Wales 4. Loch Ness is in ___. a. Italy b. Scotland c. England d. France 5. The Tower is a ___ nowadays. a. fortress b. museum c. prison d. library 6. The oldest University in Britain is ___. a. Cambridge b. Edinburgh c. London d. Oxford The USA 1. The highest peak of the USA, Mount McKinley, is located in … a. Nevada b. Texas c. Alaska d. Montana 2. Food which is served in Mc Donald’s is called … a. fast food b. easy food c. prepared food d. cheap food 3. The most recent state to join the USA was … a. Alaska b. Hawaii c. Texas d. Virginia 4. A famous American humorist and author of popular and outstanding autobiographical works, travel books and novels, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is … a. Daniel Defoe b. Ernest Hemingway c. Thomas Jefferson d. Mark Twain 5. The two major parties in the US are the … a. Republicans and the Democrats b. Republicans and the Socialists c. Democrats and the Socialists d. Democrats and the Conservatives 6. Most of the population of the mainland USA lives … a. on the east and west coasts b. on the east coast c. on the west coast d. in the centre 7. In the USA the executive branch is headed by the … a. Vice president b. Congress c. President d. Senate Canada 1. There are ________ provinces and territories in Canada. a. ten b. thirteen c. eleven d. twelve 2. One of Canada’s prominent national symbols is the … a. bear b. lion c. eagle d. beaver 3. Canadians measure things in … a. meters b. inches c. feet d. leagues 4. Canada’s official national sport in summer is … a. golf b. lacrosse c. football d. volleyball 5. Canada gained its independence from Britain in … a. 1931 b. 1763 c. 1982 d. 1867 6. The motto of Canada is ________. a. from sea to sea b. from sea to land c. from mountain to mountain d. from lake to lake Personalities 1. An English musician one of the founding members of The Beatles is … a. Freddi Mercury b. Michael Jackson
c. John Lennon d. Phill Collins 2. An American civil rights leader who fought through nonviolent action is … a. Martin Luther King b. John Kennedy c. Thomas Paine d. Henry Ford 3. The youngest man elected president in the United States was _______ a. John F. Kennedy b. Bill Clinton c. Ronald Reagan d. Margaret Thatcher 4. ____ was the first European who landed on the coast of Canada. a. Christopher Columbus b. Amerigo Vespucci c. Eric the Red d. Elizabeth II 5. The first woman Prime Minister in Britain was ___. a. Margaret Thatcher b. Elizabeth II c. Margaret Drabber d. Charlotte Bronte 6. J. Constable was ___. a. a painter b. a politician c. a poet d. a musician ДЕЛОВЫЕ ПИСЬМА Расставьте части делового письма в правильном порядке, определите вид каждого письма.
ЧТЕНИЕ Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Homeschooling 1. Homeschooling is the education of children at home, typically by parents or by tutors, rather than in other formal settings of public or private school. Although prior to the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education occurred within the family or community, homeschooling in the modern sense is an alternative in developed countries to attending public or private schools. 2. Homeschooling is a legal option for parents in many countries, allowing them to provide their children with a learning environment as an alternative to public or private schools outside the individual’s home. Parents cite numerous reasons as motivations to homeschool their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of homeschooling parents in the United States are concern about the school environment, to provide religious or moral instruction, and dissatisfaction with academic instruction at public and private schools. 3. As a synonym to e-learning, homeschooling can be used as a form of supplementary education, a way of helping children learn, in specific circumstances. For instance, children that attend downgraded schools can greatly benefit from homeschooling ways of learning, using the immediacy and low cost of the Internet. Homeschooling can be combined with traditional education and lead to better and more complete results.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите один вариант ответа o In some countries homeschooling is sanctioned by law. o Being educated at home children never attend any other educational institutions. o Homeschooling implies teaching by tutors without using the Internet. o Parents can choose homeschooling for their children’s misbehavior. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Nowadays in developed countries homeschooling can be opposed to... o e-learning o attending private schools o supplementary education o dissatisfaction with academic instructions 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What homeschooling ways of learning do facilitate children’s learning at schools? Укажите один вариант ответа o Using the advantages of telecommunication technologies greatly aids not only in homeschooling. o As well as e-learning homeschooling can be sometimes used for helping children learn. o Homeschooling is an alternative to public or private schools outside the person’s home. o Being combined with traditional education homeschooling can lead to more complete results. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o In many countries parents can choose homeschooling as a legal alternative to public or private schools, considering it to be able of providing a proper school environment avoiding unnecessary religious or moral instruction. o The majority of homeschooling parents in the United States are not satisfied with the school environment, religious or moral instruction, and academic instruction being provided at public and private schools. o The USA experience in the field of schooling is the demonstration of the fact that homeschooling combined with traditional education can greatly promote both by leading to better and more complete results. o Homeschooling possessing a number of positive characteristics facilitating learning, American parents choose it for providing their children with a proper learning environment as an alternative to private schools or as a form of supplementary education.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Cognitive psychology 1. Cognitive psychology is a discipline within psychology that investigates the internal mental processes of thought such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing. 2. Cognitive psychologists use psychophysical and experimental approaches to understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. 3. Cognitive science differs from cognitive psychology in that algorithms that are intended to simulate human behavior are implemented or implementable on a computer. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.
1. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Выберите не менее двух вариантов o From cognitive science perspective it’s possible to work out algorithms for simulation human behaviour using a computer. o Cognitive science is based on theoretical study of human’s processes of understanding, analyzing and problem solving. o Cognitive psychology researches the mental processes which take place when humans communicate. o Unlike cognitive psychology, cognitive science uses more advanced methods of simulation human behaviour. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Cognitive psychology doesn’t only study the essence of internal mental processes of thought... Выберите не менее двух вариантов o but also tries to represent them as algorithms by means of a computer o but also investigates their influence on human communicative skills o but also is interested in how people mentally represent information processing o such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language 3. Ответьте на вопрос. What is the investigation of cognitive scientists focused on? Укажите один вариант ответа o They hesitate about the application of a computer in working out the algorithms that are intended to simulate human’s behavior. o They study the possibilities of computer technology applications while investigating human mental processes. o They are interested in the role of information processing in areas ranging from decision making and problem solving, to name but a few. o They use computer science to analyze the algorithms of human behavior. 4. Определите основную идею текста. Укажите один вариант ответа o Cognitive psychology nowadays prefers computer technologies to analyze people’s mental processes. o Cognitive psychology challenges the idea of knowledge of human internal mental processes. o Cognitive psychology is a theoretical study of people’s information processing, while cognitive science uses computer technologies to investigate human’s behavior. o Cognitive psychology tries to influence people’s behaviour through the analysis of their mental processes.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. A standardized test 1. A standardized test or Examination system is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or «standard», manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. 2. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers is a standardized test. Standardized tests need not be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, or multiple-choice tests. The opposite of a standardized test is a non-standardized test. Non-standardized testing gives significantly different tests to different test takers, or gives the same test under significantly different conditions (e.g., one group is permitted far less time to complete the test than the next group), or evaluates them differently (e.g., the same answer is counted right for one student, but wrong for another student). 3. Standardized tests are perceived as being fairer than non-standardized tests. The consistency also permits more reliable comparison of outcomes across all test takers. The considerations of validity and reliability typically are viewed as essential elements for determining the quality of any standardized test
1. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Укажите один вариант ответа o The time, test type and test outcomes are no less important for standardized test-takers as for those who do non-standardized tests. o At non-standardized testing test takers are given to do different kinds of tests under comparatively similar conditions. o Non-standardized testing shows more trustworthy results of an each test-taker due to subjective conditions of the test taking procedure. o Consistency in the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations in standardized testing provides more reliable outcomes. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The key qualifying criteria of standardized tests are... Укажите один вариант ответа o consistent scoring procedures o objectivity and consistency o conditions for administering o validity and reliability 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What unites standardized tests and non- standardized ones? Укажите один вариант ответа o Both of them reveal test-takers’ achievements in a test manner. o Both of them are given to test-takers for a certain period of time. o Both of them are designed for the same purposes. o Both of them control test-takers in the same way. 4. Определите основную идею текста. Укажите один вариант ответа o Standardized tests are designed in a standard manner: the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent. o Non-standardized tests are of different contents for all test takers as well as time- limited, so all test takers are evaluated in different ways. o Standardized testing allows getting more reliable comparison of outcomes across all test takers, standardized tests being more favourable among them. o Standardized tests and non-standardized ones are quite different types of testing, the former being considered to be more reliable due to its educational design purposes.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Natural world wonders 1. Spread over 135 square miles in Yunnan province, the Shilin Forest looks like an ancient petrified forest filled with rock formations that jut vertically from the ground. Geologists say Shilin Stone Forest was formed 270 million years ago, when the constant movement of the earth caused the waters of the large sea, which covered the area, to retreat and allowed the limestone cliffs to rise. 2. The Darvaza gas crater, known as «The Door to Hell», is a 196 feet wide and 65 feet deep hole in the Karakum desert in Turkmenistan. The fire, fueled by natural gas, has been burning for the last 42 years, not by a natural occurrence, but instead, as a result of a Soviet gas exploration accident. Geologists accidentally tapped into a massive underground natural gas cavern, causing the ground to collapse and the entire drilling rig to fall in. 3. Also known as «The Great Blue Hole», the Belize Barrier Reef is one of largest barrier reefs in the world. It creates a natural ecosystem that includes atolls, several hundred sand cays, mangrove forests, coastal lagoons and estuaries. It’s so vast that much of it remains undiscovered and only 10 per cent of the marine life on this reef has been identified.
1. Содержанию текста соответствуют утверждения… Выберите не менее двух вариантов o The diversity of living organisms is presented in the Darvaza gas crater. o The Shilin Stone Forest has an extraordinary origin. o The two natural holes have the same origin. o The diversity of living organisms is presented in the Belize Barrier Reef. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The Darvaza gas crater was formed... Выберите не менее двух вариантов o in a hot and wet place o in a hot and dry place o in a hot and sunny place o in a hot and rainy place 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What do the trees in the Shilin Forest look like? Укажите один вариант ответа. o They are soft and non-living. o They are low and green. o They are high and green. o They are hard and non-living. 4. Основной идеей текста является... o The Belize Barrier Reef represents the whole natural ecosystem. o The Darvaza gas crater was formed because of people’s carelessness. o The Shilin Stone Forest was formed because of the sea level fall. o There are unique places in the world which are the mystery of nature. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Peterhof 1. Versailles was, however, the inspiration for Peter the Great’s desire to build an imperial palace in the suburbs of his new city and, after an aborted attempt at Strelna, Peterhof – which means «Peter’s Court» in German – became the site for the Tsar’s Monplaisir Palace, and then of the original Grand Palace. The estate was equally popular with Peter’s granddaughter, Empress Elizabeth, who ordered the expansion of the Grand Palace and greatly extended the park and the famous system of fountains, including the truly spectacular Grand Cascade. The Peterhof ensemble includes the Upper and Lower Parks with 150 fountains spurting upwards powerful jets. 2. Improvements to the park continued throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Catherine the Great, after leaving her own mark on the park, moved the court to Pushkin, but Peterhof once again became the official Imperial Residence in the reign of Nicholas I, who ordered the building of the modest Cottage Palace in 1826. 3. Like almost all St. Petersburg’s suburban estates, Peterhof was ravaged by German troops during the Second World War. It was, however, one of the first to be resurrected and, thanks to the work of military engineers and over 1, 000 volunteers, most of the estate’s major structures had been fully restored by 1947.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите один вариант ответа o In the past Peterhof used to be an exquisite residence of Russian tsars. o In the reign of Empress Elizabeth the territory of the Peterhof ensemble got smaller. o Cottage Palace was one of the most luxurious buildings in the Russia of the XIX century. o Only talented architects took part in the restoration of the Peterhof ensemble. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Peterhof wasn’t the imperial residence in the reign of... Укажите один вариант ответа o Peter the Great o Empress Elizabeth o Catherine the Great o Nicholas I 3. Ответьте на вопрос: Where did Peter the Great want to build his imperial residence first? Укажите один вариант ответа o In Versailles. o In Peterhof. o In Pushkin. o In Strelna. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o Peterhof was founded as early as 1714 by Peter the Great after visiting Versailles. o The main attraction in Peterhof is its beautiful Lower Park with 150 fountains. o The Peterhof building continued about two centuries in the reign of several emperors. o During the Second World War thousands of masterpieces in Peterhof were destroyed.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Anthropology 1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences». 2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology. 3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите один вариант ответа o Anthropology is known to include a number of subdisciplines studying different aspects of human life and nature. o Anthropology studies a particular folk taking as a basis mainly direct observation of contemporary customs. o Describing societies with more simple social organization anthropologists used the term «primitive» in the meaning of «inferior». o In the 1990s and 2000s the crucial topic in anthropology was the use of the terms «hunter-gatherer», «forager», «simple farmer». 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The word “anthropology” comes from the Greek “anthropos” that means… Укажите один вариант ответа o «human being» o «science of man» o «primitive man» o «humanistic science» 3. Ответьте на вопрос: Where did anthropology originate as a science? Укажите один вариант ответа o It appeared in complex industrial societies. o It appeared in societies with simple social organization. o It appeared in «primitive» («inferior») societies. o It appeared in non-industrial, non-Western cultures. 4. Определите основную идею текста. Укажите один вариант ответа. o Anthropology is the science studying humans and human nature. o All human cultures form one large, evolving global culture. o Anthropology can be referred to both humanities and sciences. o Anthropology takes great interest in people living in different societies.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Renaissance 1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. 2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите не менее двух вариантов ответа o The Renaissance is the revival of European civilization at the beginning of the 15th century. o The Middle Ages is the period of the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce in Europe. o The scholars and thinkers of the 15th century stated that they lived at the time of cultural decline and stagnation. o The long period of cultural darkness in European civilization is associated with the Renaissance. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The period of the Renaissance is remarkable for the great achievements in geography, such as the… Укажите один вариант ответа o discovery and exploration of new continents o rediscovery of the classical world of Greece and Rome o invention of paper and gunpowder o revival of classical learning and wisdom 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What period in history is called the Middle Ages? Укажите один вариант ответа o The period of time between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of the 15th century is called the Middle Ages. o The period of time characterized by the rise of interest in classical learning and values, the development of national languages is called the Middle Ages. o The period of time when the Copernican system of astronomy was substituted for the Ptolemaic system, and many important discoveries were made is called the Middle Ages. o The period of time when the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire lost their influence over the organization of spiritual and material life is called the Middle Ages. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in European civilization. o Powerful innovations, such as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder were invented or applied in the Renaissance. o The Renaissance is characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values in European civilization. o The Renaissance witnessed the increasing role of city-states and national monarchies and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания The Earth’s Contamination 1. Water in many third world countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people in those countries have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water. 2. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. 3. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth's soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages.
1. Содержанию текста соответствуют утверждения... Выберите не менее двух вариантов o Most urban dwellers in China breathe clean air. o Indoor air pollution is not so dangerous as outdoor air pollution. o Soil contamination cuts the amount of fertile land. o Most developing countries suffer from lack of clean water. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. People in developing countries have a slight opportunity to... Выберите не менее двух вариантов o wash with unsafe water o cook food in usable water o drink potable water o use harmful water 3. Ответьте на вопрос: Which pollutants contaminate soil? Укажите один вариант ответа o Fossil fuels do. o Exhaust fumes do. o Chemicals do. o Greenhouse gases do. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. o The earth’s pollution affects badly people’s life and health all over the world. o Air pollution can cause fatal diseases such as lung cancer. o Dumping of sewage produces much of the world’s soil pollution.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Fashion 1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived. 2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите один вариант ответа o Fashion is often criticized for its rapid change. o Fashion is considered to refer mostly to the haute couture. o Fashion is absolutely free from the influence of the society. o Most people think that fashion is frivolous and immoral 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Most people follow fashion because… Укажите один вариант ответа o they prefer new and different styles o they want to have the exclusive and expensive clothes o they want to have an impact on it o they like to wear blue jeans and T-shirts 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What is the main, determining in the success of the new fashion? Укажите один вариант ответа o The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s readiness to accept it. o The main thing that determines new fashion success is consumer’s hesitation about what to buy. o The main thing that determines new fashion success is severe fashion critics’ position. o The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s reading fashion magazines. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o Fashion is a social phenomenon reflecting different aspects of people’s life. o Fashion is popular as it helps people to break the monotony of their lives. o Most people take great interest in fashion and usually try to follow it. o Fashion is closely connected with the development of business.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Family 1. The family, a basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, has been present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfils vary from society to society. The nuclear family – two adults and their children – is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of grandparents and other relatives. A third family unit is the single-parent family, in which children live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or farther. 2. Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family was the most prevalent pre-industrial unit and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives. 3. The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members, particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family: economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually separate from the family group; family members often work in different occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the state or by private groups. The family is still responsible for the socialization of children.
1. Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение... Укажите один вариант ответа o As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society. o The modern family has the same functions as earlier traditional forms. o The nuclear family consists of two adults, their children, and other relatives. o One of the main functions of the modern family is to provide children with education. 2. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The main unit of social organization is associated with the… Укажите один вариант ответа o nuclear family o single-parent family o family consisting of many relatives o agrarian family 3. Ответьте на вопрос: What is the most important function of the family? Укажите один вариант ответа o The most important function of the family is to provide its members with affection and emotional support. o The most important function of the family is to provide its members with education, work, recreation and socialization. o The most important function of the family is to perform economic production, education, religion, and recreation. o The most important function of the family, as historical studies have shown, is to be the basic unit of social organization. 4. Основной идеей текста является... Укажите один вариант ответа o All societies have regarded the family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. o In all societies the family as a basic social group must pay particular attention to the emotional support of infants and young children and their socialization. o The functions of the family, its composition, structure, life cycle and the roles of husbands and wives have been thoroughly studied in all societies. o Earlier traditional families usually performed many of the functions which are now performed by specialized institutions, such as education, religion, recreation, etc.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
Местоимение
Ед. число | I (я) | m e (мне, меня, мной) | m y (мой) | mine | myself | ||||||||||||||||||||
| you (ты, вы) | you (тебе, тебя, тобой) | y our (твой, Ваш) | yours | yourself | |||||||||||||||||||||
| he (он) she (она) it (он, она для неодуш. сущ.) | him (ему, им, о нем) h er (ей, ее, о ней) it | h is (его) her (ее) its (его, ее) | his hers its | himself herself itself | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Мн. число | w e (мы) | us (нам, нас, нами) | our (наш) | ours | ourselves | ||||||||||||||||||||
| you (вы) | you (вам, вас, вами) | your (ваш) | yours | yourselves | |||||||||||||||||||||
| they (они) | them (им, их, ими) | t heir (их) | theirs | themselves | |||||||||||||||||||||
Указательные местоимения
| Ед. число | This Этот, эта, это | That Тот, та, то |
| Множ. число | These Эти | Those Те |
Существительные с особыми формами множественного числа:
man (мужчина) – men (мужчины)
woman (женщина) – women (женщины)
child (ребёнок) – children (дети)
person (человек) – people (люди)
foot (нога) – feet (ноги)
tooth (зуб) – teeth (зубы)
goose (гусь) – geese (гуси)
mouse (мышь) – mice (мыши)
ox (бык) – oxen (быки)
sheep (овца) – sheep (овцы)
swine (свинья) – swine (свиньи)
deer (олень) – deer (олени)
Правила образования степеней сравнения
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
| Для одно- и двусложных прилагательных | ||
| + er | +the -est | |
| small (маленький) | smaller (меньше) | the smallest (самый маленький) |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| ugly | uglier | the ugliest |
| Для многосложных прилагательных | ||
| + more | +the most | |
| usefull (полезный) | more useful (полезнее) | the most useful (самый полезный) |
ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ:
good (хороший) → better (лучше) → the best (лучший)
bad (плохой) → worse (хуже) → worst (худший)
little (малый) → less (меньше) → the least (самый маленький)
far (далёкий) → farther / further (дальше, более отдалённый) → the farthest / the furthest (самый дальний)
much (много) → more (больше) → most (больше всего)
Таблица времен действительного залога
|
|
| SIMPLE | CONTINUOUS | PERFECT | PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
| констатация факта. | процесс | результат | |||
|
PAST | + | S + Ved/V2 | S + was/were + Ving | S + had + Ved/V3 | S + had been + Ving |
| ? | did + S + V1? | was/were + S + Ving? | had + S + Ved/V3? | ||
| - | S + did not + V1? | S + wasn’t/weren’t + Ving. | S + hadn’t + Ved/V3? | ||
| yesterday, last year/month/week, ago, in.. | at, when, while, at 2 o’clock | by- к, before | |||
| Событие в прошлом | Действие, происходившее в определенный момент в прошлом | Действие, завершившееся до определенного момента в прошлом | Длительное действие, началось до указанного момента в прошлом и продолжалось до этого момента | ||
|
PRESENT | + | S + V/Vs | to be + Ving | S + have/has + Ved/V3 | I/we/you/they + have been + Ving He/she/it + has been + Ving |
| ? | do + S + V? does + S + V? | are + we/you/they + Ving? is + he/she/it + Ving? am + I + Ving? | Have/has + S + Ved/V3? | ||
| - | S + don’t/doesn’t + V | ||||
| every day, usually, never, at first, then, after, in the morning, evening, often, seldom, always | now, at the moment | twice, several times, lately, recently; yet – в конце предл.; already, never, just – разрывают сказуемое; ever – в вопр | since 2 o’clock, for 3 hours | ||
| Общеизвестные факты, истины; Обычное действие, регулярно повторяющееся. | Процесс в данный момент: | Сообщения о жизненном опыте. Сообщение новости или результата. | Подчеркивается как долго продолжается действие в данный момент времени: | ||
|
FUTURE | + | S+will+V | S + will be + Ving | S + will have + Ved/V3 | S + will have been + Ving |
| ? | will +S+V? | will + S + be + Ving? | Will + S + have + Ved/V3? | ||
| - | S +will not(won’t)+V? | S + will not + Ving. | S + will not(won’t) + have + Ved/V3 | ||
| tomorrow, next week, next month, often, every day, soon, in | at, when, while, tomorrow | by, before, tomorrow | |||
| Действие, относящееся к будущему. Повторяющееся действие в будущем. Предсказания, прогнозы | Действие, которое будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем. | Основное значение — действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем | She will have been writing the letter for 2 hours when he comes. Она будет писать письмо уже 2 часа, когда он придет. |
Страдательный залог
to be + Participle II
| SIMPLE | CONTIN UOUS | PERFECT | |
| PRESENT | am / is / are + V3 | am / is / are + being + V3 | h ave / has been + V3 |
| PAST | w as / were + V3 | w as / were being + V3 | had been + V3 |
| FUTURE | w ill be + V3 | -------------- | will have been + V3 |
Условные предложения
| Типы | Придаточное предложение | Главное предложение |
| I. Реальное условие Действие относится к будущему | Present Indefinite If the weather is fine, Если погода будет хорошая, (переводится буд. вр., но после союзов: if when, before, till, until, after, as soon as... будущее время не употребляется | Future Indefinite I’II go for a walk. я пойду гулять. |
| II. Маловероятное условие Действие относится к будущему или к настоящему | Past Indefinite If I were you, (were для всех лиц) На твоем месте If I lived there | would + V I would go there. я бы пошел туда. I would be very happy. |
| III. Нереальное условие Действие относится к прошлому, что-то уже произошло и ничего нельзя изменить | Past Perfect If I had had million $, Если бы у меня был миллион $, | would have+ past participle I would have gone to America. я бы уехал в Америку. |
Литература:
1. Артемова А. Ф. Энциклопедия самообразования по английскому языку и страноведению Великобритании и США: учеб. пособие / А. Ф. Артемова, О. А. Леонович. - Москва: АСТ, 2005 - 399 с.
2. Единый портал Интернет-тестирования в сфере образования [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа http: //www.i-exam.ru/
3. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов первого курса неязыковых специальностей / Акишина С. А., Бородина Е. В., Кукуруза Н. В. – Ульяновск; УлГПУ, 2014
4. Страноведение США, Великобритании и Австралии [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа http: //countrystudy.ru/
5. Diane Hall. MyGrammarLab Intermediate. Longman Learners Grammar. Pearson Longman, 2012 - 385 pages
6. Gina D.B. Clemen. British and American Festivities. Вlасk Саt, 2004. — 128 pages.
7. Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles. Grammar and Vocabulary Macmillan, 2008 - 216 р.
8. Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use. A Self-study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Students. Cambridge University Press: 4th. ed., 2012 - 398 с.
Содержание
ЛЕКСИКА.. 4
ГРАММАТИКА.. 5
Словообразование. 5
Местоимение. 6
Имя прилагательное и наречие. Степени сравнения. 6
Предлоги, артикли. 7
Глагол и его формы.. 8
СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЕ.. 9
Great Britain. 9
The USA.. 10
Canada. 11
Personalities. 11
РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ В БЫТОВОЙ СФЕРЕ.. 12
РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ДЕЛОВОЙ СФЕРЕ.. 12
РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ В УЧЕБНО-СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ.. 13
ДЕЛОВЫЕ ПИСЬМА.. 14
ЧТЕНИЕ.. 15
Homeschooling. 15
Cognitive psychology. 17
A standardized test 18
Landmark Inventions of the Millennium.. 19
Natural world wonders. 21
Peterhof. 22
Anthropology. 23
Renaissance. 24
The Earth’s Contamination. 25
Fashion. 27
Family. 28
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ.. 30
Местоимение. 30
Существительные с особыми формами множественного числа: 30
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.. 31
Таблица времен действительного залога. 32
Страдательный залог. 33
Условные предложения. 33
Литература: 34
А.С. Разорвина
Кафедра иностранных языков
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов неязыковых специальностей
GET READY FOR I –EXAM
Ульяновск 2018
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