Affirmative and negative sentences.

Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения:

1) соблюдение правила согласования времен;

2) прямой порядок слов (на первом месте стоит подлежащее, далее сказуемое);

3) смена личных и притяжательных местоимений по смыслу;

4) добавление местоимения that (может опускаться в речи).

E.g.: Jimmy said, ”My brother is learning to drive”. (The Present Continuous Tense)

Jimmy said that his brother was learning to drive. (The Past Continuous Tense)

Nick said, ”I come home by tram every day”. (The Present Indefinite Tense)

Nick said that he came home by tram every day. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

The teacher told Nick, ”You didn’t write Test 2”. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

The teacher told Nick that he hadn’t written Test 2. (The Past Perfect Tense)

Pete said, ”Ann fell down, but she didn’t hurt herself”. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

Pete said that Ann had fallen down, but she hadn’t hurt herself. (The Past Perfect Tense)

 

 

ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ

 

№ 1. Change the following sentences into Indirect speech using this model.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя данную модель.

1. Jack told his father,” I have lost my notebook.”

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Henry said to me,” I didn’t throw stones.”

_______________________________________________________________________

3. Bob said to Tom,” Henry doesn’t sit next to me”

______________________________________________________________

4. He said,” I haven’t eaten for 2 days.”

_______________________________________________________________

5. Nina said,” I am reading now.”

_______________________________________________________________

№ 2. General questions (Общие вопросы) – вопросы, на которые можно дать ответ «да» или «нет», и которые начинаются со вспомогательных глаголов и произносятся с повышающей интонацией:

1) соблюдение правила согласования времен;

2) прямой порядок слов;

3) добавление союзов if/whether (ли).

E.g.: Peter’s mother asked him, “Are you tired?” (The Present Indefinite Tense)

Peter’s mother asked him if he was tired. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

I asked my friend,”Did you buy the book?” (The Past Indefinite Tense)

I asked my friend if he had bought the book. (The Past Perfect Tense)

My friend asked me,”Will you come to me tomorrow?” (The Future Indefinite Tense.)

My friend asked me if I would come to him next day. (The Future Indefinite –in-the-Past)

Change the following sentences into Indirect speech using this model.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя данную модель.

1. The hotel manager asked the visitors, ”Did you sleep well?”

_________________________________________________________________________

2. The teacher asked Nick,” Do you come to the Institute by bus or on foot?”

_________________________________________________________________________

3. I asked the old man,” Are you all right?”

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Henry’s father asked him,” Have you done all your homework?”

_______________________________________________________________

5. He asked the secretary, ”Have you typed all the documents?”

_______________________________________________________________

№ 3. Special questions (Специальные ответы) – вопросы, которые требуют специального ответа и начинаются с вопросительного слова и произносятся с понижающей интонацией:

1) соблюдение правила согласования времен;

2) прямой порядок слов;

3) вопросительные местоимения становятся относительными.

E.g.: Mike asked the girl, “Where do you study ?” (The Present Indefinite Tense)

Mike asked the girl where she studied. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

Jack asked, ”Who has taken my pen?” (The Present Perfect Tense)

Jack asked who had taken his pen. (The Past Perfect Tense)

The teacher asked the student, ”Why haven’t you written your corrections?”

(The Present Perfect Tense)

The teacher asked the student why he hadn’t written his corrections.

(The Past Perfect Tense)

Change the following sentences into Indirect speech using this model.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя данную модель.

1. Mary’s mother asked her, ”What are you doing?”

_________________________________________________________________________

2. He asked the girl, “What are you?”

________________________________________________________________________

3. Pete asked his friend, “When are you going to have dinner?”

________________________________________________________________________

4. Henry asked his friend, “When did you visit the hospital?

________________________________________________________________________

5. Ann asked, “ Where is it raining now?”

________________________________________________________________________

№ 4. Indirect command and request. Команды и просьбы. Повелительное наклонение.

1) Infinitive с частицей «to»;

2) not + Infivitive с частицей «to»;

3) say меняется на ask, beg.

E.g.: Nick: “Keep quite!”

Nick asked me to keep quite.

Pete: ”Don’t make noise!”.

Pete told us not to make noise.

The professor said to the students, ”Don’t be late for the lecture!”

The professor asked the students not to be late for the lecture.

Change the following sentences into Indirect speech using this model.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя данную модель.

1. Oleg said to his sister, ”Put the letter into the envelope!”

__________________________________________________________________

2. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow!”

_______________________________________________________________

3. I said to Mike: “Don’t give me this book!”

_______________________________________________________________

4. Jane said to us: ”Tell me everything you know about it!”

_______________________________________________________________

5. She said to Mike: ”Don’t tell your sister about it!”

_______________________________________________________________

Примечание.

При переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную речь следует избегать повторения глаголов “to say”; “to ask”. Для этого употребляйте синонимичные глаголы:

To tell smb smth                 сказать ч-л. к-л.

To say smth to smb             сказать ч-л. к-л.

To explain to smb               объяснить к-л.

To remark                           отметить

To inform                            информировать

To remind                            напомнить

To order/ to command        приказать

To add                                 добавить

To agree with smb              согласиться с к-л.

To disagree with smb          не согласиться с к-л.

To hope                               надеяться

To think                               думать

To suppose                          предполагать

To believe                           верить, полагать

To be sure                           быть уверенным

To understand                     понимать

To want to know                 хотеть знать

To be afraid                         бояться

To hear                                слышать, услышать

To find out/ to learn            узнать, разузнать

To promise                          обещать

To wish                               желать

To wonder                          интересоваться

To persuade                        убеждать, уговаривать

To suggest                          предлагать

etc.                                      и т.д.

№ 5. Change the following sentences into Indirect speech using all rules.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя все правила.

1. He said,” I have just received a letter from my aunt.”

_________________________________________________________________

2. Mike said, “I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning.”

_________________________________________________________________

3. He said to us, ”Come here tomorrow!”

_________________________________________________________________

4. Jane said to Alice, “Promise to come and see us!”

_________________________________________________________________

5. Mother said to me, “Who has brought this book?”

_________________________________________________________________

6. They said to him, “Who will see you before you leave?”

_________________________________________________________________

7. I said to Kate, “Have you packed your suitcase?”

_________________________________________________________________

№ 6. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech beginning each sentence with the words in brackets. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot…)

______________________________________________________________

2. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Can I buy this English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me…)

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Come to me! (He asked his son…)

 _________________________________________________________________________

5. When will you come back? (He wondered…)

_________________________________________________________________________

6. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…)

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Is he leaving school now? (I wanted to know…)

__________________________________________________________________________

№ 7. Change the following dialogues into Indirect speech.

Передайте следующие диалоги в косвенной речи.

1

A.: Are you good at foreign languages?

B.: Not really. It was very difficult for me to learn English at first.

A.: Is it easier now?

B.: Yes, my teacher says I’m doing well now.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2

Mike: It is very hot here. Do you mind if I open the window?

Mary: I was just going to ask you to do so,

Mike: Look! It has stopped raining and the sun is shining.

Mary: The weather is nice. Shall we go out for a walk? Then we’ll go on with our work.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

№ 8. Now complete these sentences with said, told or talked.

Дополните эти предложения словами said, told или talked.

1. Jack ___________ me that he liked his new job.

2. Tom ___________ it was a nice shop but I didn’t like it.

3. The doctor ___________ that I would be well soon.

4. The students ____________ a lot during the lecture.

5. Jill ____________ us about her holiday in Great Britain.

6. She ____________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

№ 9. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. I asked my aunt if she was going to her hometown.

__________________________________________________________________________

2. He asked his group mates to wait for him.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. He asked me if I had taken part in the football match.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. I wanted to know where he lived.

__________________________________________________________________________

5. I wanted to know where he had lived a year before.

__________________________________________________________________________

6. He told me that he had seen my brother the day before.

__________________________________________________________________________

 

The Degrees of Comparison of English Adjectives

Степени сравнения английских прилагательных

 

Типы прилагательных	Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Односложные и двуслож-ные с окончаниями -y,-er, -ow (простая форма)	short clever narrow	shorter cleverer narrower	the shortest the cleverest the narrowest
Остальные двусложные и многосложные (сложная форма)	active serious wonderful	more active more serious more wonderful	the most active the most serious the most wonderful
Запомните!	good bad little far	better worse less father further	the best the worst the least the farthest (в прямом смысле) the furthest (в перен. смысле)

 

Правописание окончаний простых форм степеней сравнения

 

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