Exercise 5. Translate the words and expressions below from English into Russian and make up your own sentences with them.

 

1. compulsory

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2. tax on wages

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3. tax on profits

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4. tax on rent

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5. tax on capital

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6. indirect taxes

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7. to give effect (to)

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8. inequality of incomes

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9. to treat

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10. corporate income tax

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11. after-tax income

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12. personal income

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13. tax law

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14. finance Act

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15. tax assessments

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16. to issue a return

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17. board of Inland Revenue (“Inland Revenue”)

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18. to submit

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19. system of self-assessment

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20. foreign investment

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21. taxable permanent establishment

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22. securities tax

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23. to audit

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24. to lodge an appeal

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25. to mitigate

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Exercise 6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases from the text (of exercise 1) :

 

1. налог на рентные платежи

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2. покрывать издержки

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3. процентные платежи по внешнему долгу

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4. подлежать обложению налогом

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5. относиться по-разному

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6. собирать налоги

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7. подавать апелляционную жалобу

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8. незаконное уклонение от налоговых обязательств

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9. задолженность по налоговым платежам

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10. проводить аудиторскую проверку

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11. косвенные налоги

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Exercise 7. Single out the main points of the text (ex. 1). Use the following opening phrases:

1. The text looks at (the problem of …) …

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2. The text deals with the issue of …

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3. It is clear from the text that …

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4. Among other things the text raises the issue of …

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5. The problem of … is of great importance.

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6. One of the main points to be singled out is …

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7. Great importance is also attached to …

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8. In this connection, I’d like to say …

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9. It further says that …

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10. I find the question of … very important because …

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11. We shouldn’t forget that …

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12. I think that … should be mentioned here as a very important mechanism of …

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Exercise 8. Match the verbs from (a) with the nouns from (b) below:

 

a) to cover                        b) taxes          

to provide with                 a double tax burden

to give                               tax returns      

to promote                        a climate        

to increase                       an appeal

to lessen                            affairs

to levy                               tax liability

to impose                          government expenditure       

to receive                          the revenue

to create                            effect to         

to lodge                            stable economic growth

to arrange                          the economic welfare

to eliminate                       inequalities

Exercise 9. Think of and write the verbs that are most commonly used with:

1. tax

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2. source

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3. revenue

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4. services

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5. function

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6. expenditure

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7. payments

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8. growth

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9. inequalities

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10. profits

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11. appeal

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12. taxation

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13. claim

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14. effects

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15. profits

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16. tax rate

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17. income

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18. burden of taxation

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Exercise 10. Read the dialogue, translate the Russian remarks into English and act it out:

Foreigner: The tax system in Russia has changed significantly over the years of the reforms. But businessmen and individuals still complain that the system of taxation is unfair and inadequate.

Russian: Да, это так. Несмотря на огромную работу в области налогового законодательства, проделанную за годы реформ, наша налоговая система постоянно критикуется представителями бизнеса, законодательной и исполнительной ветвями власти. Учитывая это, мы сейчас работаем над налоговым кодексом.

F.: What concept underlies this document?

R.: Прежде всего мы считаем необходимым снизить налоговое бремя на товаропроизводителя. Мы планируем сделать это путем снижения налоговых ставок, а также за счет постепенного увеличения налогов с физических лиц. Мы также намерены отменить многие налоговые льготы, которые лишают бюджет значительных налоговых доходов.

F.: Our tax system is based on the same principles and it works rather well. From our experience I can say that more emphasis should also be placed on tax collection in your country.

R.: Вы абсолютно правы. Наше правительство принимает меры по повышению собираемости налогов, усиливает контроль за лицами, имеющими доходы, за платежами в пенсионный фонд. Мы пытаемся закрыть все лазейки (loopholes) для лиц, уклоняющихся от уплаты налогов. Вот суть нашей налоговой политики.

F.: Life shows that a system works effectively where the policies are right. Let’s hope you are on the right way.

 

VOCABULARY

 

Unfair                                                           несправедливый, нечестный

Inadequate                                                    не отвечающий требованиям

Concept                                                    понятие, общее представление

To underlie                                                    лежать в основе (чего-л.)

Emphasis                                                  акцент

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