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II. Страдательный залог (the Passive Voice) видо - временных форм (Simple, Progressive, Perfect)
Формула страдательного залога: to be + 3 fV (f – форма; V – основная форма глагола)
Сигналы пассива: 1) наличие одной из 8 форм глагола to be – be, been, being, am, is, are, was, were; 2) отсутствие после нее V+ing (кроме формы being). Упр.4. Переведите предложения не русский язык. Определите видо-временную форму глагола: 1. This law was adopted in 2006. 2. This plant had been built before we came to live in this town. 3. The report will be ready by Monday. 4. The letter is not ready yet. It is still being translated into Russian. 5. Many textbooks have been published this year. 7. She is often seen in the library. 8. She will be met at the station by us tomorrow. 9. Hardly had he finished his speech, when a storm of applause followed. 10. When we came into the office, the secretary was talking to a visitor. 11. The speaker had been listened to with great attention. 12. The conditions of work were greatly improved by them. 13. They are gradually getting used to the Northern climate. 14. Have you noticed that people who cannot read or write usually have good memory? III. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do Функции глагола to be
Упр. 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите функции глагола to be. 1. He is often invited there. 2. She will be an engineer next year. 3. I shall be here in time. 4. I was to send him a telegram, but I forgot. 5. They were to have finished their work yesterday. 6. The lecture was interesting. 7. We are to meet at noon. Функции глагола to have
Упр. 6. Переведите на русский язык. Определите функции глагола to have. 1. They were having dinner when I came. 2. We have already seen this film. 3. Did you have a good rest last summer? 4. The students had to translate this text in time. 5. He had his watch repaired yesterday. Функции глагола to do
IV. Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив, причастие, герундий Инфинитив ( The Infinitive )
Инфинитив представляет собой основу глагола, которой обычно предшествует частица to, и относится к неличным формам.
Формы инфинитива
The Indefinite Infinitive Active и Passive употребляется для выражения действия, одновременного с действием, обозначенным глаголом-сказуемым в предложении, в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени.
The Continuous Infinitive Active употребляется для выражения действия в процессе его развертывания, одновременно с действием, обозначенным глаголом-сказуемым в предложении:
The Perfect Infinitive Active и Passive употребляется для выражения действия, предшествующего действию. Обозначенному глаголом-сказуемым в предложении.
Функции инфинитива Инфинитив выполняет в предложении функции: 1) подлежащего:
2) части сказуемого (простого и составного):
3) дополнения:
4) обстоятельства цели:
5) определения:
Упр.7. Определите функции инфинитива в предложениях, переведите на русский язык: 1. To develop the supercomputer highly developed electronics and new materials were required. 2. Experiments helped Mendeleev to discover the properties of new chemical elements. 3. To design, construct and operate a laser system is a great technological achievement. 4. This is a problem to be solved as soon as possible. 5. She was the last to speak at the meeting. 6. He told us nothing about his plan of research work to be carried out next year. 7. There was nothing interesting at the exhibition to attract our attention. 8. A certain temperature must be kept in picture galleries to preserve paintings. 9. I have soothing interesting to tell you. 10. I do not want to be asked about it. 11. I am waiting to be told about the results. 12. We’ll find someone to help us if you are busy. 13. the work to be done by the students includes written translation from English into Russian. 14 This is the article to be published next month.
Герундий (The Gerund) Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая в себе свойства глагола и существительного и выражающая действие как процесс. Герундий образуется путем прибавления окончания –ing к основе глагола.
Формы герундия
Например:
Функции герундия Герундий может выполнять в предложении следующие функции: 1. Подлежащего:
2. Части составного сказуемого:
3. Прямого и предложного дополнения:
4. Обстоятельства:
5. Определения:
Упр. 8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия на русский язык: 1. He does not like being interrupted. 2. After returning to Moscow he resumed his work. 3. You won’t get any idea of his progress without comparing the results of the tests. 4. The introduction of the new method resulted in raising the productivity. 5. He solved the problem by inventing a new kind of plastic. 6. I prefer going there by air. 7. I remember having seen this film. 8. Learning rules without examples is useless. 9. He insisted on adopting the new plan. 10. He never missed the opportunity of listening to this singer. 11. In spite of being tired we continued our way. 12. The hall was used for dancing.
Отличия герундия от причастия
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