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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
By Sergei Dmitriyev, The Moscow News ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 10 из 10
Russia’s medium-haul airliners TU-154 and TU-134 will be withdrawn from operation within the next five years. The air crash of a TU-154 near the Ukrainian city of Donetsk (August 22, 2006) probably was the deciding factor in favor of the decision. The Russian flagship air carrier Aeroflot has already confirmed that it will scrap its TU-134 aircraft by 2008, while the TU-154 will be discontinued from service by 2010. Nevertheless, the Interstate Aviation Committee still considers these aircrafts commercially viable. In fact, Russian companies have two alternatives: to use new Russian planes or to purchase used American Boeing and European Airbuses. It is known that around 270 airplanes need to be replaced. On the one hand, the airlines usually prefer leasing used Boeing and Airbuses, because they are cheaper than domestic newly-made airliners. On the other hand, Russian producers offer modern aircraft able to compete with the European and American models, but their efforts have so far been going nowhere. However, Aeroflot made a mixed decision in favor of Sukhoi SuperJet-100 short-hauler and Airbus-320 mid-hauler. The key position belongs to Sergei Ivanov, a First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and the head of the recently created United Aircraft Building Corporation (UABC), the organization, which unites all the leading Russian aircraft manufacturers. It will first and foremost be engaged in the development of the civil aircraft industry and is become a competitor for such air giants as Boeing and Airbus. By the way, Ivanov remarked that such models as IL-96, TU-204, TU-214, a new regional RRJ and MS-21 mid-hauler are very promising projects; nevertheless, these aircrafts enjoy greater popularity in Middle Eastern countries and Cuba than in Russia. The experts, however, say that the decision to get rid of Tupolevs was made too hastily and that both the TU-134 and TU-154 could have operated for at least another 10 years. The fact is that not a single Tu-154 or TU-134 crashed due to technical failure within the last 10 years; the accidents were the result of human error. Thus, it would be logical to suggest better training for pilots, taking advantage of new computer trainers, now able to simulate every unexpected situation that could occur on a real flight. Significantly, neither Boeing nor Airbus aircraft have been removed from operation because of air crashes. The short-hauler TU-134 aircraft, launched in 1967, became one of the most successful projects in passenger aircraft design. It became the first Russian passenger airliner that was certified to English standards of airworthiness. Its total production reached 852 aircrafts. The TU-154 mid-hauler was launched in 1972. To date, more than 900 TU-154s have been produced. Along with the TU-134, it has been the main air carrier in Russia for several decades. P.S. Tupolev is one of the leading Russian companies providing full-package services, including design, manufacturing and support of up-to-date civil aircrafts.
Essential vocabulary:
I. Answer the following questions:
II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text: - решающий фактор - современные самолеты - приобретать бывшие в употреблении самолеты - лидирующие российские производители - авиакатастрофа - разбиться из-за технической неполадки - результат человеческой ошибки - сымитировать ситуацию - развитие гражданских авиалиний - стать соперником - многообещающие проекты - лучшая тренировка для пилотов - в течение нескольких десятилетий - пользоваться большей популярностью - предлагать современные самолеты
III. Make up your own sentences with the several phrases listed above. IV. Look at the group of words below. Which word is the odd one? 1. a) passenger b) aircraft c) airliner d) plane 2. a) crash b) accident c) failure d) error 3. a) pilot b) passenger c) aircraft d) stewardess 4. a) producer b) manufacturer c) purchaser d) supplier 5. a) to design b) to offer c) to create d) to develop 6. a) project b) development c) design d) construction 7. a) newly-made b) modern c) used d) up-to-date
Text 3. Safety
Safety is the most important problem in aviation. The prevention of collisions between aircraft in the air and on the ground is the main task of aviation specialists. The achievement of aviation safety is the result of progress in many sciences and disciplines including engineering, aerodynamics, meteorology, psychology, medicine and economics. Safety is ensured by thousands of ICAO and governmental regulations, by high standards in the design and manufacture of an aircraft and by rigid (strict) procedures of airline safety practices. The aviation industry is constantly taking steps to prevent accidents but the crashes do occur time after time. They result from different causes: failure in the aircraft structure, human errors, navigational failures, malfunctioning of airborne and ground aids, hazardous weather conditions and so on.
Poor knowledge of English can also contribute to or result in an accident or incident. Therefore ICAO revised the provisions related to the use of the language for radiotelephony communications and demands good discipline to follow more closely to standard phraseology in all air-ground exchanges. Experience has shown that phraseology alone is not sufficient to cover all of the potential situations, particularly in critical or emergency situations. That’s why proficiency in common or plain language is also of great importance. One of ICAO’s chief activities is standardization in all spheres of aviation operations. The main ICAO document is SARPS (International Standards and Recommended Practices). Its main task is to provide the necessary level of standardization for safe and regular air operations.
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы:
II. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на словообразующие элементы: terror – terrible – terribly – terrific danger – dangerous – dangerously care – careful – careless – carelessness safe – safety – unsafe prevent – preventive – prevention collide – collision special – specially – specialist – speciality – specialize – specialization achieve – achievement ensure – insurance govern – governor – government – governmental regular – regularly –regulation – regularity – irregular differ – different – differently –difference fail – failure navigate – navigator – navigation – navigational hazard – hazardous know – knowledge – unknown provide – provision – provider relate – relation – relative – relatively – relativity communicate – communication – communicative – community sufficient – sufficiently – sufficiency – insufficient proficient – proficiently – proficiency necessary – necessarily – necessity – unnecessary critical – critically – criticize – criticism – uncritical close – closely
III. Переведите на английский язык:
Text 4. Cellphones in flight? This means war! Everyone who has a misfortune to fly commercially knows, air travel today is mind-bogglingly uncomfortable. The seats are small. The flights are nearly always full to overflowing. The food is unspeakable. The air is fetid and filled with germs. Many a time I board an airliner hale and hearty only to emerge with a raging pneumonia. But there is one saving grace. Unless you are seated behind or next to really rude people – which happens surprisingly rarely – air travel is fairly quiet. Yes, the flight attendants stand around and talk. Yes, before the plane takes off people scream into their cellphones, but along about three hours, into the flight from, say, Kennedy to LAX, it’s pretty peaceful. That’s solely because passengers can’t use cellphones aloft. That prohibition was one of the great decisions ever. Now, in a fit of idiocy, some airlines are suggesting that they be allowed to sell the use of cellphones in the air at nominal prices. This will mean yelling and screaming and boasting and complaining for almost all the time you’re sealed in that sardine can. The government is apparently planning to allow this anarchy. Why? Well, for a long time, cellphone use was barred because safety experts worried they had the “potential” to interfere with navigation systems or сellphones on the ground – concerns that now, apparently because of technological advances, they no longer have. (The real reason for the ban, as I am told by airline personnel in secret, is that cellphone screeching made many passengers so crazy that flight attendants feared incidents of air rage). The ban worked well. Now, in the rush to mine every penny they can from passengers, airlines plan to jettison that old excuse and, when planes are above 10, 000 feet, let people holler into their cellphones, or maybe it will be the airlines’ cellphones. This is rank madness. It will make most of us hide by listening to deafening music. (I recommend the live concert version of “Idiot Wind” on the “Hard Rain” disc of the immortal Bob Dylan to drown out the idiot winds of the people around you). It will make us retaliate by talking into our own cellphones. It will take what could have been a bearable experience and turn it into hell.
by Philip Anderson CNN
I. Answer the following questions:
II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text: · ужасно неудобно · грубые люди · садиться на самолёт · бортпроводники · на высоте, в воздухе · кричать в телефон · достаточно спокойный, миролюбивый · вопить, визжать, хвастаться, жаловаться · использование телефонов запрещено · закупоренный в консервной банке · сводить с ума · в погоне за каждым центом · повальное сумасшествие · слушать оглушающую музыку · по номинальной стоимости
III. Read the following statements and discuss them with a partner:
Giving your opinion you may find the following expressions helpful:
By the way as for me I’d like to know I see I’m afraid I wonder It seems to me that I don’t know exactly If I’m not mistaken Популярное: |
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