IX. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на «ложных друзей переводчика».

l. Tree crops such as coconuts became increasingly important in the mercantile economy into which the islanders were drawn. 2. Farmers are being offered a premium for organically grown vegetables. 3. Trade allows resources to be used more appropriately and effectively for production. 4. Persistent problems at Rover forced the exit of Chief Executive Bernd Pischetsrieder. Although Mr. Pischetsrieder's job has been the subject of intense speculation, the development shocked the auto industry. 5. Much cash goes on salaries and pensions, leaving little or nothing for public investment. 6. The IMF provides the governments and central banks of its member countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise. 7. The European Council brings the leaders of the member states together regularly to guide the overall direction of the European Union. 8. Growth in productivity has dropped, and the competitiveness of industry has declined. 9. State governments are concerned that the revised tax laws will provide a licence for tax evasion. 10. It is easier to be economical with the truth, than truthful about economy.

X. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова. Какие английские соответствия следует использовать в переводе? Можно ли использовать английские слова, сходные по звучанию?

1. Предприятие выпускает высококачественную продукцию. 2. Во многих случаях, принимая различные решения, люди преследуют свои меркантильные интересы. 3. Цена за единицу продукции будет обсуждаться на следующей неделе. 4. В качестве поощрения многие компании выплачивают премии своим сотрудникам. 5. Сотрудники налоговой инспекции разъяснили порядок заполнения и представления налоговых деклараций. 6. Результаты медицинской экспертизы дали новый поворот этому делу. 7. Правительственные ассигнования на образование и медицину планируется увеличить в следующем году. 8. Дирекция предприятия приняла решение о расширении производства.

XI. Сопоставьте оригинал и перевод. Дайте оценку перевода, в. т.ч. «ложных друзей переводчика». Чем объясняются погрешности в их переводе? При необходимости дайте свой вариант перевода.

1. Financial statement analysis gives the loan officer much of the information required to make sound lending decisions.	Анализ финансовой отчетности дает кредитному офицеру большой объем информации, требуемой чтобы принять правильное решение о предоставлении кредита.
2. Commercial banks, becoming more aggressive in their pursuit of income sources, relaxed their credit standards, especially m the markets for loans to developing countries and for real estate development.	Коммерческие банки, становясь более агрессивными в поисках источников дохода, ослабили стандарты кредитования, особенно на рынках кредитования развивающихся стран и для развития недвижимости.
3. Trends and comparative performance show the direction that the business operation is going, as evidenced by comparison of financial results from more than one year and with other companies in the same industry.	Тенденции и сравнительные результаты работы показывают направление ведения дел, как свидетельство сравнения финансовых результатов более чем за один год и с другими компаниями в том же секторе промышленности.
4. Commercial credit analysts perform many technical operations that include calculating ratios, reformatting information for clarity, evaluating the company's goals, comparing statistics with those of other businesses, and projecting future operating results.	Аналитики коммерческих кредитов выполняют много технических действий, которые включают вычисление отношений, изменение формата информации для придания большей ясности, оценку целей компании, сравнение статистики с данными других бизнесов и проектирование будущих операционных результатов.
5. The fashioning of the financial statement analysis starts with a preliminary investigation of a company and moves to an in-depth examination of its operating performance and financial structure as evidenced by its historical and projected financial statements.	Осуществление анализа финансовой отчетности начинается с предварительного знакомства с компанией и переходит в глубокую экспертизу ее работы и финансовой структуры на основе данных финансовых отчетов за прошедшие годы, текущих и проектируемых.
6. Assets are normally recorded at historical cost, the market value at the time of purchase.	Активы обычно зарегистрированы по исторической стоимости -рыночной цене во время закупки.
7. While manufacturing styled clothing is subject to some risk, the difference between production cost and selling price makes it less risky than wholesaling, where the profit margins are narrower.	В то время как производство стильной одежды подвержено некоторому риску, различие между стоимостью производства и ценой продажи делает его менее опасным, чем оптовая торговля, где маржа прибыли более узкая.

ФОНОВЫЕ СЛОВА

 

I. Найдите в предложениях понятия, которые могут иметь разную трактовку в условиях российской, американской и британской действительности. Переведите предложения. Чем вы руководствовались при переводе? Каким образом можно передать в переводе специфику понимания носителями исходного языка данной ситуации/ явления / понятия?

1. One year we totaled up and found we had earned enough to have to pay an income tax.

2. He had received an advance on his wages.

3. An ageing population creates greater expenditure on healthcare.

4. If you retire at 55 you can expect your pension to be half the size it would be at 65.

5. The Labor party was opposed to the privatisation of water and electricity.

6. Chicago Housing Authority is cleaning up public housing projects by throwing out people who are caught with drags.

7. Non-profit companies are providing job placement for welfare recipients.

 

II. Совпадает ли трактовка следующих понятий в США и в Великобритании? Отражается ли это в словарном значении?

Central bank, privatisation, banks, healthcare, taxes, income tax.

 

III. Какую трактовку имеют следующие понятия в России? Можно ли утверждать, что они также понимаются в США и Великобритании? Почему?

Налоги, центральный банк, приватизация, заработная плата, банки, пенсия, пенсионный возраст, подоходный налог.

 

IV. Сопоставьте пары слов. Насколько одинаково они понимаются русскими, британцами и американцами?

income tax - подоходный налог

public housing - государственное жилье

social security - социальное обеспечение

healthcare - здравоохранение

voucher - ваучер

speculation - спекуляция

property tax - налог на собственность

 

V. Проанализируйте факты о данных понятиях. Какие из них отражают черты американской / британской действительности?

central bank	functions of the central bank are performed by a system of 12 banks
social security	government system for paying allowances to the sick and the unemployed, as well as maternity benefits and retirement pensions
retirement age	men retire at the age of 65, women - 60
banks	the country has about 14 000 commercial banks
VAT	a tax which replaced sales tax when the country joined the EU
taxes	tax system includes federal, state and municipal taxes
healthcare system	a public system of healthcare
welfare	money paid by the government to people who are very poor, unemployed etc.

 

VI. Какие ассоциации связаны у британцев со следующими словами?

Enterprise, the EU, Brussels, Frankfurt, the North, the South.

VII. Переведите текст.

1. Next week George Bush braves the wilds of Brussels at the start of the European tour of his own, in order, as his new secretary of state put in Paris, " to continue our conversation". How reassuring that the United States and Europe are conversing again, not shouting as they did before and after the war in Iraq. But how deep does this new warmth go? And if it is only skin-deep, how much does the continuing chill matter?

2. The Federal Reserve System is generically described as the central bank of the United States. It represents the third attempt to establish a central bank. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Congress chartered the First Bank of the United States and the Second Bank of the United States, but neither institution lasted more than twenty years. The Bank's very existence was controversial and went to the heart of the great national debate, which continues to this day, over which responsibilities and powers should be granted at the federal level and which should be left to the states.

A series of financial panics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, revived the idea of creating a central bank to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. But suspicion of centralised power remained at the core of the American psyche, and so the institution that the Federal Reserve Act established in 1913 was a central bank that assigned significant responsibilities for monetary policy-making to regional Federal Reserve Banks.

3. While Wal-Mart boasts that it creates jobs, many workers are questioning its employment practices. Wal-Mart's policies force its employees to turn to taxpayer-funded public programs for their health care and violate workers' rights. In Chicago, Latasha Barker made such low wages as an employee of Wal-Mart that she was forced to rely on public health care for herself and for her two children.

4. " Lord Tebbit, were you always a Eurosceptic? " " Not at all. In my earlier days I believed that the European project would work. And in fact I was a very strong Europhile, not only did I think Britain should join the Community but it should develop in much the same way which people like Giscard d'Estaing are now suggesting. After having become a Minister and going very regularly back and forth to Brussels I discovered two things which I haven't been sufficiently aware of before. One was the essentially corrupt nature worked, the scheming and the backbiting and the backscratching which went on there. I also discovered that the gap between the way, in which we in the UK have been governed and the way in which people on the continent are ruled was far wider than I have ever realised.

5. More than 70 m people in Central Europe will wake up on May 1st to find themselves citizens of the European Union. Eight countries in the region, along with the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta, will become the EU's newest members. European laws will take precedence over national ones, customs codes will be replaced by the rules of Europe's single market, and Brussels will have the last word on matters ranging from competition policy and value-added tax to sex discrimination in the work place.

6. The sharp increases and extreme volatility of oil prices have led observers to suggest that some part of the rise in prices reflects a speculative component arising from the activities of traders in the oil markets.

How might speculation raise the price of oil? Speculative traders who expect oil in increasingly short supply and oil prices to rise in the future can back their hunches with their money by purchasing oil futures contracts on the commodity exchange. Oil futures contracts represent claims to oil to be delivered at a specified price and at a specified date and location in the future. If the price of oil rises as the traders expect - more precisely, if the future oil price rises above the price specified in the contract - they will be able to re-sell their claims to oil at a profit.

ТЕРМИНЫ-СИНОНИМЫ

Термины-синонимы - это термины, совпадающие семантически полностью (абсолютные синонимы, обозначающие одно и то же понятие и не имеющие никаких различий в семантике) или различающиеся дополнительными семантическими характеристиками, которые могут проявляться в разной сочетаемости.

Для англоязычной экономической терминологии характерна развитая синонимия. Нередки случаи, когда 1-2 русским терминам соответствует 4-5 английских, каждый из которых имеет более дифференцированное значение. Соответственно при переводе не следует безоговорочно полагаться на двуязычный словарь и для правильного выбора эквивалента необходимо исходить из анализа контекста и объема значения слова.

I. Найдите в предложениях соответствия нижеприведенным русским словам. Сопоставьте их значения. Какие еще английские термины могут использоваться для обозначения этих понятий?

Доход, стоимость, расходы, оценивать.

1. The mechanic estimated the cost of repairs at $150. 2. He always thought he'd be satisfied even if his earnings didn't reach $ 20, 00 a year. 3. The alterations doubled the value of the house. 4. If no scholarships or other aid are available, students will have to pay the full cost of their education. 5. At this rate we'll barely cover our costs. 6. B& L has an annual revenue of about $ 8 mln. 7. The total expenditure on defense has dropped since 1989. 8. Allied-Signal was planning to use the proceeds from the sale of Union Texas to reduce debt. 9. We went to a lot of expense to provide the safety equipment, so please take care oа it. 10. They assessed the value of the house at over $250, 000. 11. The casino reported income of $ 21.8 mln on revenue of $ 269 mln. 12. You can get cars in Europe at very low prices. 13. Foreign capital has been trickling back as investors seek higher returns than they cam find at home. 14. Employers now want to evaluate candidates on intangible qualities, such as flexibility, creativity, etc.

 

⇐ Предыдущая12

Поделиться: