Mechanical engineering машиностроение

Стр 1 из 4Следующая ⇒

РАЗГОВОРНЫЕ ТЕМЫ

для студентов специальностей:

240306.65 «Химическая технология монокристаллов, материалов и изделий электронной техники»;

240403.65 «Химическая технология природных энергоносителей и углеродных материалов»;

210601.65 «Нанотехнология в электронике»;

280201.65 «Охрана окружающей среды и рациональное использование природных ресурсов»;

260601.65 «Машины и аппараты пищевых производств»;

260303.65 «Технология молока и молочных продуктов»;

240902.65 «Пищевая биотехнология»;

260301.65 «Технология мяса и мясных продуктов»;

260501.65 «Технология продуктов общественного питания»;

230102.65 «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления»;

230201.65 «Информационные системы и технологии»;

090105.65 «Комплексное обеспечение информационной безопасности автоматизированных систем»;

130503.65 «Разработка и эксплуатация нефтяных и газовых месторождений»;

130501.65 «Проектирование, сооружение и эксплуатация газонефтепроводов и газонефтехранилищ»;

130304.65 «Геология нефти и газа»;

130504.65 «Бурение нефтяных и газовых скважин»;

130201.65 «Геофизические методы поисков и разведки месторождений полезных ископаемых»;

190702.65 «Организация и безопасность движения»;

190601.65 «Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство»;

190603.65 «Сервис транспортных и технологических машин и оборудования»;

151001.65 «Технология машиностроения»;

140205.65 «Электроэнергетические системы и сети»;

140211.65 «Электроснабжение»;

210100.62 «Электроника и микроэлектроника»;

210602.65 «Промышленная электроника»;

210602.65 «Наноматериалы»;

240901.65 «Биотехнология»;

270102.65 «Промышленное и гражданское строительство»;

270105.65 «Городское строительство и хозяйство»;

270106.65 «Производство строительных материалов, изделий и конструкций»;

270109.65 «Теплогазоснабжение и вентиляция»;

270115.65 «Экспертиза и управление недвижимостью»;

280103.65 «Защита в чрезвычайных ситуациях»;

280104.65 «Пожарная безопасность»;

200503.65 «Стандартизация и сертификация (мясная, молочная и рыбная промышленность)»;

230401.65 «Прикладная математика»;

260202.65 «Технология хлеба и кондитерских и макаронных изделий»;

Юриспруденция».

Ставрополь

Предлагаемые вашему вниманию методические указания составлены в соответствии с Государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования, рабочим учебным планом и программой дисциплины «Английский язык» для студентов специальностей: 240306.65, 240403.65, 210601.65, 280201.65, 260601.65, 260303.65, 240902.65, 260301.65, 260501.65, 230102.65, 230201.65, 090105.65, 130503.65, 130501.65, 130304.65 130504.65, 130201.65, 190702.65, 190601.65, 190603.65, 151001.65, 140205.65, 210100.62, 210602.65, 210602.65, 240901.65, 270102.65, 270105.65, 270106.65, 270109.65, 270115.65, 280103.65, 280104.65, 200503.65, 230401.65, 260202.65, 021100.

Методические указания включают в себя задания для развития навыков говорения по темам, вопросы для самопроверки и список рекомендуемой литературы.

Составители: Мартьянова Е. О., Морозова И. Н., Пронякин Д. С.

Рецензент: Митрофаненко Л. М.

Стремительное развитие науки и техники, а также расширение экономических и культурных связей обусловило необходимость эффективного обмена информацией между всеми странами мирового сообщества. Английский язык традиционно считался языком торговли, политики, спорта и науки, но с появлением компьютеров и всемирной сети Internet он приобрел статус поистине международного. Согласно статистическим данным, около 80 % Internet-сайтов и 75 % научной литературы написано на английском языке. Развитие энергетической промышленности, а также поиск и разработка альтернативных источников энергии создает спрос на специалистов, способных эффективно работать в любой стране. Поэтому современный специалист должен не только быть компетентным в своей области знаний, но и уметь получать знания и навыки путем ознакомления с новыми достижениями науки и техники во всем мире.

Данные методические указания призваны научить студента общаться на различные темы, студент сможет усвоить базовые выражения из разных областей жизни, закрепит старый и получит новый лексический материал, научится правильно строить высказывания на иностранном языке, а также грамотно излагать содержание текста.

Практическое занятие 1

МОЯ СЕМЬЯ (MY FAMILY)

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты могли читать специальные тексты и подготовить монологическое высказывание по теме.

name (first name, Christian name) имя

patronymic отчество

surname, last name фамилия

namesake тезка

maiden name девичья фамилия

nickname прозвище

we are 4 in the family нас четверо в семье

good – looking красивый, миловидный

beautiful красивая

broad – shouldered широкоплечий

to play the guitar играть на гитаре

to be handy with smth быть искусным в чем-то

to have much in common иметь много общего

to be fond of smth увлекаться чем-то

to go in for smth заниматься чем-то

opinion мнение

upbringing воспитание

to bring up воспитывать

to take care of smb заботиться о ком-то

to care for smb воспитывать

to be good at cooking хорошо готовить

to tidy убирать

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

My Family

Our family is neither large nor small. There are four of us: my mother, my father, my brother and me. It is an average Russian family.

My father is 44 years old. He works a lot. He is always busy. He has very little free time. He likes his job and there are chances of promotion. He is a good-looking man. His hair is fair, his eyes are blue. My mother is 42 years old. She is a housewife. She cooks perfectly and takes care of us and she is claver with her hands. My mother is sociable and kind. She is ready to help people when they are in need. My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books, films, sports. However, my parents have the same opinion about my education and upbringing. My brother is 14. He is a pupil. He has many friends. He knows many interesting things and likes to tell funny stories. I get on well with him. He is fond of sport. His favorite kind of sport is football. He is never downhearted. He is always full of life and energy.

I have grandparents. I love them very much and often go to see them. My grandparents are retired now. We have many relatives: aunts, uncles, cousins. They live in different parts of Russia. On holidays they often come to our place. We have a very good time together.

Everyone in my family is my best friend. We always help each other.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How many people are there in your family?

2. Do you have a brother or a sister?

3. How old are your parents?

4. Do your parents understand you?

5. Is your brother a pupil or a student?

6. How old is he?

7. Who is your best friend in the family?

8. Where do they work?

9. Do your parents have much in common?

10. Who runs the house in your family?

Задание 3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя

следующие глаголы bring up, look after, tell off, run out, let down, get together, meet up, get on, fall out, count on, help out, turn to:

1. У меня большая семья, но в последнее время мы собираемся все реже и реже.

2. На самом деле, мы встречаемся только тогда, когда кто-то женится.

3. Родители меня воспитывали и заботились обо мне.

4. В целом мы хорошо ладим.

5. Однако мой дядя всегда ссорится с людьми, особенно со своей женой.

6. Я могу положиться на своих родителей, они всегда могут помочь мне, когда я в беде.

7. Мои братья могут обратиться ко мне, когда им нужна моя помощь.

8. Родители, бывало, ругали меня, когда я плохо себя вел.

9. Родители никогда не выходили из терпения, даже когда я сводил их с ума.

10. Я постараюсь не разочаровать своих родителей.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What can you tell us about your family?

2. What do your parents do?

3. Do you love your family?

Литература: [1, 2, 3].

Практическое занятие 2

МОЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ (MY UNIVERSITY)

Теоретическая часть

to train specialists готовить специалистов

branch отрасль

higher technical education высшее техническое образование

economics экономика

law право

successfully успешно

to carry out проводить

well-organized educational complex хорошо организованный

образовательный комплекс

research center научно-исследовательский центр

to possess обладать

wide range широкий спектр

resource источник

to teach обучать

yearly ежегодно

department/ faculty факультет

natural science естественные науки

humanities гуманитарные науки

Mechanical engineering машиностроение

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What can you tell us about your university?

2. What do you know about science and research at NCSTU?

3. What are admission rules for entrants?

4. What can you say about university staff?

5. Why is it worth studying at NCSTU?

Литература: [1, 2, 3].

Практическое занятие 3

Теоретическая часть

to lie on находиться на

to be made up of smth состоять из чего-либо

an island neighbour островной сосед

to be occupied by быть занятым (чем-либо)

the remainder остаток

to be linked with быть связанным с (чем-либо)

highlands горы, гористая местность

a flat plain плоская равнина

lowlands низменность

a low range of hills низкая гряда гор

to extend out тянуться, простираться

a continental shelf континентальный шельф

shallow waters of the north sea мелководное северное море

an ocean current океаническое течение

to wash the shores омывать берега

to heat up нагреваться

to cool down охлаждаться

at the same latitude на той же широте

to conquer завоевать

an invader завоеватель

Angles англы

Saxons саксы

Jutes юты

Vikings викинги

Normans норманны

to wage a colonial war вести колониальную войну

an empire империя

to establish capitalism установить капитализм

machinery станки

electronics электроника

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, called for short the United Kingdom or the UK, lies on the Atlantic coast of Western Europe, separated from France by only 34 km (21 miles) of water. The names Great Britain and United Kingdom are now often used informally to mean the same thing. It is made up of three countries, England, Scotland and Wales. The UK refers to the political state that includes the countries of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital of the United Kingdom is London, in England. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, and the Scottish capital is at Edinburgh.

Great Britain’s largest island neighbour is Ireland. This is mainly occupied by the independent Republic of Ireland. The remainder is Northern Ireland which is a part of the United Kingdom. Many small islands are also linked with the United Kingdom.

Although a small island, Great Britain has a remarkable variety of landscapes. To the north and west are highlands – the mountains of Scotland, Cambria (the original Roman name for Wales) and Wales, and the Pennine Chain. To the east are flat plains, and in the south are lowlands broken by low ranges of hills. To the Southwest are the bleak moors of Devon and Cornwall.

The continent of Europe extends out below the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, in the form of a continental shelf. Great Britain is perched on this shelf, surrounded by the shallow waters of the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the English Channel.

A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream, washes Britain’s western shores. This water heats up and cools down very slowly. Britain therefore enjoys warmer winters and cooler summers than other countries at the same latitude. The west of the island has a higher rainfall and slightly milder climate than the east.

Britain has been many centuries in the making. The Romans conquered Britain, but were unable to subdue the independent tribes in the west and the north. Other invaders were Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings and Normans. England waged numerous colonial wars and was the empire for many centuries. England was the first country where capitalism was established.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The powers of the British Queen are limited by the Parliament. Over time, the sovereign’s powers have been reduced and, though the present Queen is still head of state and Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, she “acts on the advice of her ministers”, and Britain is in practice governed by “Her Majesty’s Government”. The main role of the Queen is as a representative of Britain and the British people. She is a symbol of the unity of the nation beyond party politics. The British Parliament consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Where does the UK lie?

2. What does the UK consist of?

3. What is Great Britain’s largest island neighbour?

4. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?

5. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?

6. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?

7. Is the UK a large country?

8. What's the UK's population?

9. What proves that Great Britain has a variety of landscapes?

10. How does the Gulf Stream influence Britain’s climate?

11. What is Britain’s history?

12. What are Britain’s chief industries?

13. What is Britain’s political system?

14. Does the Queen rule?

15. What is the role of the British Queen in the country?

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах, состоящих из двух больших и тысяч малых островов.

2. Население Великобритании в основном городское и составляет более 57 миллионов человек.

3. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех частей, в Великобританию входят Англия, Шотландия и Уэльс.

4. Британские острова омываются Атлантическим океаном, Ирландским морем, Северным морем и проливами Ла-Манш и Па-де-Кале.

5. Британские острова состоят из гористой части и низин.

6. Реки в Великобритании не очень длинные.

7. На климат Великобритании оказывает влияние Гольфстрим.

8. Великобритания производит и экспортирует станки, электронику, текстиль, суда.

9. Великобритания – конституционная монархия.

10. Британский парламент состоит из двух палат: Палаты Лордов и Палаты Общин.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What can you tell about the UK?

2. What can you tell about Great Britain?

3. What do you know about the history of the UK?

4. What can you say about geography / government and politics / economy of the UK?

5. What big conurbations of the UK do you know?

6. What other English-speaking countries do you know?

Литература: [1, 2, 3].

Практическое занятие 4

Теоретическая часть

science наука

invention изобретение

to discover открыть

to explore исследовать

to investigate изучать

research исследование

to carry out проводить

achievement достижение

to perform выполнять

to guide управлять

space космос

spaceship космический корабль

shuttle шатл

to create создавать

to connect связывать

to communicate общаться

digital цифровой

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Scientists, Inventors and their Inventions

There have been great changes in the life and surroundings of people during the last century. Less than a hundred years ago many of the things that we do now were thought to be impossible. Progress in science and technology gave us an excellent opportunity to use such achievements of present civilization as radio, television, computers, cell phones, etc.

For example, radio, invented in the 19^th century by Popov, and television, invented by Rosing in the 20^th century, do not only bring pleasure and entertainment to our homes, but also used to perform a number of other jobs: help planes land in bad weather, direct the work of dozens of people simultaneously or guide flights of rockets or shuttles in space.

Now almost all this work is controlled by means of computers. It was von Neimann who created first computer in the middle of the 20^th century. Today every fourth man in the world has a personal computer at home. The Internet connects millions of people on our planet giving perfect opportunities to communicate and work. Step by step digital electronics takes up stronger position in the offices and at home: automatic washing machines, cameras, monitoring systems, modern equipment on plants and factories.

People have found the way of applying the atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Ernest Rutherford discovered that atom could be split and set free a tremendous amount of energy which is now used at nuclear power stations, submarines, large sea-liners and, unfortunately, in powerful weapons which can cause death and destruction on large territories.

New scientific discoveries are being made in the field of medicine. Several serious illnesses from which about 50 years ago people usually died, can now be cured quite easily. It is true that new diseases still appear and cannot be cured, but thousands of scientists all over the world are working at finding means to do away with them. Cloning parts of human body for transplantation is the thing Chinese doctors are concerned with.

Задание 2. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Научно-технический прогресс сделал многое возможным.

2. Очень трудно создать программу для управления полетом космического корабля.

3. Луи Дагер изобрел фотоаппарат в XIX веке.

4. Сейчас компьютеры широко применяются даже в автомобилях.

5. Когда был выпущен первый самолет?

6. Для завершения исследования нужно провести несколько экспериментов.

7. С помощью радио и телевидения в середине XX века ученые смогли сфотографировать и исследовать обратную сторону Луны.

8. Применение ядерной энергии сыграло важную роль в развитии науки и техники.

9. Наука помогла разработать современное оружие.

10. Ученые предсказывают землетрясения.

11. Знания необходимы людям, чтобы ориентироваться в изменяющемся мире.

12. Наука помогла людям научиться использовать энергию солнца и атома, а также совместному использованию ресурсов.

13. Наука находит все новые решения энергетической проблемы.

14. Много открытий сделано человеком в различных областях науки и техники.

15. Некоторые изобретатели сконструировали новую машину, которая была названа их именем.

16. В начале XX века это казалось сенсацией.

17. Мы интересуемся изучением информационной технологии, ядерной инженерией и физикой атома.

18. Наука помогла улучшить жизнь людей.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What can you tell about science?

2. What is the most important invention?

3. What famous scientists do you know?

4. What role does a scientific progress play in our life?

Литература: [1, 2, 4].

Практическое занятие 5

ЗАЩИТА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ

(ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION)

Теоретическая часть

environment окружающая среда

headline заголовок

earthquake землетрясение

flood наводнение

uninhabitable необитаемый

overpopulation перенаселение

consumption потребление

deforestation обезлесение

ozone depletion истощение озонового слоя

greenhouse effect парниковый эффект

industrial and nuclear waste промышленные и ядерные отходы

to poison отравлять

disease болезнь

species вид, род

to die out вымирать

to become extinct угасать, вымирать

disastrous чудовищный

disaster несчастье, беда

consequence последствие

the Mediterranean средиземное море

trend тенденция

acid rains кислотные дожди

global warming глобальное потепление

on the brink of extinction на грани исчезновения

to pollute загрязнять

to destroy the ozone layer разрушать озоновый слой

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Environmental protection

The poisoning of the world’s land, air and water is the fastest spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of the history’s greatest dangers to human life on the earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.

The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead, the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, millions species which are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

Air pollution is a very serious problem. Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere every day. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

People from different countries are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else’s. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. If governments wake up what is happening perhaps, we’ll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the world and all of us with it.

Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization?

2. What problems have overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption created?

3. What will happen to our planet if present trends continue?

4. What is happening to the seas and rivers?

5. Why is air pollution a serious problem?

6. What were the tragic consequences of the Chernobyl disaster?

7. What are the main reasons of the greenhouse effect and acid rains?

8. What do people do to save our planet?

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What can you tell about environmental problems?

2. Why is it important to protect environment?

3. How do you understand the words: reduce, recycle, reuse?

Литература: [1, 2, 3].

Практическое занятие 6

ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ (TRAVELLING)

Теоретическая часть

a deck палуба

to travel by ship путешествовать на корабле

a flight полет, рейс

to save time экономить время

to pitch a tent поставить палатку

to build an open fire развести костер

ruins руины

ancient древний

change of scene перемена обстановки

city-dweller горожанин

advantage преимущество

disadvantage недостаток

destination место назначения

Customs House таможня

duty-free не подлежащий обложению

таможенными пошлинами

currency exchange office пункт обмена валюты

border граница

go through the customs пройти таможенный досмотр

stay at the hotel остановиться, жить в гостинице

receptionist администратор

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Travelling

Almost all people like to spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene.

City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea, or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.

Most people enjoy going abroad for their holidays, and having the opportunity to stay in an interesting city. If you speak foreign languages, you can make new friends, and get home some interesting souvenirs as presents!

But before you can do that, you have to reach your destination, and that is often a problem! If you fly, then you may find that your flight has been delayed. Journeys by train can also be difficult, since trains are often crowded in summer but you may have to reserve a seat in advance. Whichever way you travel, you can have problems with your luggage, and it is often difficult to find good accommodation. Apart from this, you might not be able to afford the fare!

If we are fond of travelling we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV.

All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and destinations. Different people prefer different means of travelling. Some people like to climb the mountains; others like to go by train with all modern accommodations and without peculiar adventures. However which ever tourism a man would like, any change of place and new impressions are useful. They prevent a man from getting old.

Nowadays travelling has become a highly organized business. But there are some difficulties. If you want to see the beauty of the countryside you have to go hiking. It is travelling for pleasure. You don't think about ticket, don't hurry up. You'll be pitching a tent and building an open fire and breathing in the fresh mountain air and enjoying picturesque surroundings. I think you'll enjoy every moment of this journey if you are not a comfort-lover.

There is no travel so fine as by ship. It is the most exciting experience to feel the deck of the ship under your feet, to watch the waves rising and falling, to feel the fresh sea wind blowing in your face.

It is a great saving of time travelling by air. You'll have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. When you get into the train you feel that holidays have really begun. You can see a lot by travelling in a train. But when the season is in full swing trains are usually crowded. So as they say: ”Tastes differ”.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Are you fond of travelling?

2. Why do people take a camera with them?

3. What do we see and learn while travelling?

4. How do different people spend their holidays?

5. What means of travel do you know?

6. What places have you visited?

7. What countries would you like to visit?

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Многие люди любят путешествовать.

2. Проводя свой отпуск в путешествиях, люди видят разные страны и континенты.

3. Люди путешествуют, чтобы увидеть новые живописные места, познакомиться с новыми людьми, попробовать национальную еду или просто ради смены обстановки.

4. Сельские жители предпочитают проводить время в больших городах – посещать музеи и обедать в экзотических ресторанах.

5. Мне нужно два билета на поезд до Ливерпуля.

6. Спальный вагон, пожалуйста. Вам билеты туда и обратно? Это будет стоить 5 рублей.

7. В плохую погоду я предпочитаю быть на палубе, а не в каюте.

8. Нам пришлось провести много времени в аэропорту.

9. Мы добрались домой очень поздно.

10. Путешественники выбирают тот или иной способ путешествия в зависимости от их преимуществ и недостатков, места назначения и своих планов.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Do almost all people like to spend their holidays travelling?

2. Do you like travelling?

3. What means of travelling do you prefer?

4. Why do people travel?

Литература: [1, 2, 3].

Практическое занятие 7

Теоретическая часть

to be /keep /feel /fit хорошо себя чувствовать, быть в форме

to develop one’s body развивать свое тело

to improve one’s carriage улучшать осанку

to build one’s confidence стать уверенным в себе

to go for a run делать пробежки, заняться бегом

to get a lot of exercise получать хорошую физическую нагрузку

to lift weights поднимать тяжести

a good way of relaxing хороший способ расслабиться

healthy way of life здоровый образ жизни

lifestyle стиль, образ жизни

to set a record установить рекорд

to break /beat/ a record побить рекорд

to compete соревноваться

competition соревнования

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Sports in Russia

Millions of people all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport helps them to keep fit, healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.

In our country much attention is paid to sport and healthy way of life. You can hardly find a school, college or University without a gym or a sports ground. Every city and town has a few stadiums, swimming pools and other public sports facilities, where thousands of people may devote their leisure time to outdoors and indoors games, athletics, swimming, skating and other sports and games. There are also a lot of keep-fit centers, where people of all ages enjoy training and going in for aerobics, yoga, body-building etc. They believe that physical fitness will help them not only to develop a strong and healthy body and improve their carriage but to build their confidence.

There are also many different sporting societies and clubs in Russia. Many of them take part in different international tournaments and are known all over the world. Russian sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win a lot of gold, silver and bronze medals.

Numerous national and international matches and competitions are regularly held in Russia. The most popular of them are hockey, football, tennis, boxing, figure-skating, weightlifting, track-and-field, basketball, volleyball. All these sports have their strong supporters and attract a lot of fun. Thousands of people go to the stadiums to support their favorite team and many thousands more prefer to watch the games on TV. But watching sport events and going for sports are two different things.

As for me I play in the University football team. So I simply have to keep fit. Once or twice a week I get up early in the morning and go for a run in the woods. It helps me to feel healthy and cheerful and stay in a good shape. Then I get a lot of exercise doing things I enjoy. I like water activities such as swimming and diving and never miss an opportunity to do it. Sport helps me to keep fit, achieve good results in study and be successful in life. It is also a good way of relaxing after a hard working day. So sport has become a life style for me.

I get as much exercise as possible. I play tennis, badminton and swim. I begin my day with morning exercises. Twice a week I go to the fitness club. It helps me not only to feel fit but also to make new friends and be happy.

Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Do you go in for sport or do you prefer to watch games on TV?

2. What is your favorite kind of sport?

3. What team are you a fan of?

4. Do you take part in competitions?

5. Try to convince another person that sport is necessary for his health. What would you say?

6. What do you think is the most dangerous /expensive/ tiring/ exciting sport?

7. What sports and games are the most popular among your friends and students?

8. What opportunities for sport and games do you have in the place where you live?

9. What kinds of sport facilities does your University have?

10. Why is it sometimes difficult to find time for going in for sports regularly?

11. What role do PT lessons play in your physical development?

12. What competitions are particularly exciting for you to watch and why?

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Я не принимаю участия в соревнованиях по волейболу. Беда в том, что я не готов к соревнованиям, я еще не совсем поправился после травмы колена.

2. Аня не принимала участия в соревнованиях по гимнастике из-за серьезной травмы ноги. Очень жаль, мы возлагали на нее большие надежды.

3. У меня нет времени для занятия спортом. Я понимаю, что спорт очень помогает в учебе и в жизни, но я не могу распределить время между занятиями и спортом.

4. Мне бы очень хотелось остаться на соревнованиях по художественной гимнастике, но я должен идти в библиотеку готовиться к семинару по педагогике.

5. Ты любишь смотреть хоккей по телевизору? – Нет. – Я тоже. Не могу понять, что люди находят в хоккее.

6. Нина выступила ниже своих возможностей и выбыла из соревнований.

7. Кто установил новый рекорд по прыжкам в высоту?

8. Наши пловцы установили много национальных рекордов на Олимпийских играх в Москве. Сальников завоевал 3 золотые медали.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Why is sport so important in our life?

2. Do you go in for sport?

3. What do you do to be healthy?

4. What sports and games are popular in Russia?

Литература: [1, 2, 4].

Практическое занятие 8

Теоретическая часть

fashionable модный

fight драка

murder убийство

violence жестокость, насилие

adult взрослый

to admit признавать

AIDS СПИД

drugs наркотики

poverty бедность

government правительство

survey опрос

criminal actions преступные действия

prison тюрьма

experience опыт

dependent зависимый

to force заставлять, принуждать

to be responsible for быть ответственным за

misunderstanding непонимание

to be indifferent to быть безразличным к

to get upset расстраиваться

to commit suicide совершать самоубийство

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Youth Problems

Today it is fashionable to speak about teenage problems. A few years ago alcohol, fights, murders and other kinds of violence were more problems of adults rather than young people.

But now, as official reports admit, violence, AIDS, drugs and alcohol are more and more associated with the young. For many children from poor families violence, drinking problems and all that is associated with poverty becomes more and more real.

The Government surveys show that every fifth teenager who was arrested for criminal actions, was younger than 14 and couldn't be sent to prison. Almost half of teenagers have an experience with drugs, alcohol and sex under the age of 16. A lot of teenagers who have drug or alcohol addiction almost never believe that they are dependent. These things are often combined with family and school problems.

What has gone wrong? Some specialists explain that the changes of our society, the system of our life force young people to choose their own lifestyle. On the one hand, our society agrees that 15 – 17-year-old people are old enough to be responsible for what they do and gives them quite a lot of freedom and rights. On the other hand, most adults think that teenagers are too young to be taken seriously. This misunderstanding has produced many problems. Actually, a lot of teenagers say that their parents let them do anything they want and are quite indifferent to their problems. Many teenagers get upset or depressed when they can't solve their problems. As a result, it makes them believe that there is only one way out – to stop living and commit suicide.

No doubt, the teens' problems will increase. And young people should feel that they are cared about.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What problems are associated with the young people nowadays?

2. Are the same problems associated with poverty?

3. What do the Government surveys show?

4. How many teenagers have an experience with drugs, alcohol and sex under the age of 16?

5. Do teenagers having drug or alcohol addiction believe they are dependent?

6. Do you agree with the statement that most parents are quite indifferent to their children’s problems?

7. Do your parents let you do everything you want?

8. What makes teenagers believe that there is only one way out – to stop living and commit suicide?

9. Do you think the teens' problems will increase?

10. Do you get depressed when you can't solve your problems?

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Why do teenagers have problems?

2. Do all teenagers have problems?

3. Are these problems of teenagers or their parents?

4. Do you personally have this kind of problems?

5. Do your parents help you solve your problems?

Литература: [1, 2, 4].

Практическое занятие 9

СРЕДСТВА МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ (MASS MEDIA)

Теоретическая часть

to denote обозначать

medium средство

message послание, сообщение

mass-circulation массовый тираж

duplication размножение, снятие копий

message board форум

podcast оцифрованная запись или радиопередача, размещенная в интернете

purpose цель

advocacy пропаганда

advertising реклама

entertainment развлечение

announcement объявление

public opinion общественное мнение

commuter пригородный пассажир

habit привычка

to resist сопротивляться

permanent постоянный

background noise фоновый шум

to interfere with препятствовать

owner владелец

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Mass media

Mass media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically designed to reach a large audience. Marshall McLuhan, one of the biggest critics in media’s history, brought up the idea that “the medium is the message”. The term was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines. However, some forms of mass media such as books and manuscripts had already been in use for centuries.

During the 20^th century, the growth of mass media was driven by technology, including that which allowed much duplication of material. Physical duplication technologies such as printing, record pressing and film duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low prices to huge audiences. Radio and television allowed the electronic duplication of information for the first time.

Mass media include the Internet media like blogs, message boards, podcasts, and video sharing.

Mass media can be used for various purposes:

1. Advocacy, both for business and social concerns. This can include advertising, marketing, propaganda, public relations, and political communication.

2. Entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, and sports, along with light reading; since the late 20^th century also through video and computer games.

3. Public service announcements.

As sociologists say news is not what happens, it is what you see or read about in mass media. In other words, mass media play a very important role in organizing public opinion. Millions of people watch TV and read newspapers in their free time. Most of commuters can’t do without a newspaper on their way to work. Some people read newspapers or surf the Internet during the lunch break. TV also dominates our life. It is a habit which is impossible to resist. The radio is turned on most of the time, creating a permanent background noise. In fact it does not interfere with your activities. You can easily listen to the radio while doing homework, cooking or washing the dishes. It’s not a secret that some of the TV and radio stations are owned by big corporations, so the owners can advertise whatever they choose. Commercial firms have to buy TV and radio time to advertise their products. Thus most of the new inventions and technologies become popular and well known with the help of mass media.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What term is used to denote a section of the media specifically designed to reach a large audience?

2. When was the term coined?

3. What was the growth of mass media driven by?

4. What forms of mass media do you know?

5. What purposes can mass media be used for?

6. What allowed the electronic duplication of information for the first time?

7. Do you know any Internet media?

8. What is news according to sociologists?

9. What do people do in their free time?

10. Do commercial firms buy TV and radio time to advertise their products?

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. What are mass media?

2. What are mass media used for?

3. What role do mass media play in our life?

4. Can you live without mass media? Why?

Литература: [1, 2, 4].

Практическое занятие 10

ХОББИ (HOBBIES)

Теоретическая часть

character характер

taste вкус

according по, согласно

to include включать

variety разнообразие

activity занятие

gardening садоводство

grown-up взрослый

computer games компьютерные игры

relatively относительно, сравнительно

drawing рисование

painting живопись

sculpture скульптура

to make sculpture заниматься скульптурой

handicraft рукоделие, ремесло

hobbyist любитель

saxophone саксофон

to collect собирать

stamp марка

coin монета

matchbox спичечный коробок

record пластинка

postcard почтовая открытка

value ценность

valuable ценный

to house помещать, размещать

in a small way понемногу

item предмет

a good deal много

rare редкий

private частный

to take pleasure in получать удовольствие от

opportunity возможность

to add добавлять

exciting увлекательный

aspect сторона, аспект

hobby-painter художник-любитель

pastime времяпровождение

to be subdivided into подразделяться на

to have no real value не иметь реальной ценности

world-famous всемирно известный

art object предмет искусства

wickerwork плетеные изделия

undertake предпринимать

recreation отдых

reward награда

pursuit увлечение

tinkering заниматься ремеслами

fulfillment реализация

dune buggy вездеход для езды по песку

hang glider дельтаплан

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Hobbies

A hobby is an activity or interest that is undertaken for pleasure or relaxation, typically done during one's leisure time.

A hobby horse is a wooden or wickerwork toy made to be ridden just like a real horse (which was sometimes called a “Hobby”). From this came the expression “to ride one’s hobby-horse”, meaning “to follow a favorite pastime”, and in turn, hobby in the modern sense of recreation.

Hobbies are practiced for interest and enjoyment, rather than financial reward. Examples include collecting, creative and artistic pursuits, making, tinkering, sports and adult education. Engaging in a hobby can lead to acquiring substantial skill, knowledge and experience. However, personal fulfillment is the aim.

Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Hobbies are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to traveling and from chess to volleyball.

Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies. It is a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.

Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular.

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