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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
The Booby-traps of English Spelling
I think you all already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough, Some may be baffled, but not you By hiccough, thorough, tough and through. Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps? Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard and sounds like bird, And bread; it's said like bed, not bead - Misleading, isn't it, indeed! Watch out for meat and great and threat - They rhyme with suite and straight and debt. A moth is not a moth in mother, Nor both in bother or in brother. And here is not a match for there, Nor dear and fear for bear and pear. And do and go and said and paid. And close and come and Rome and some. Unit one
A dreadful language? Every bit! So what's the use of learning it? No learner would emerge alive! Don't be afraid! You will survive. I spoke it at the age of five! New Words tough [t\f] adj жесткий bough [bau] л сук, ветка, ветвь cough [kpf] n, v кашель, кашлять dough [ёэи] л тесто hiccough (= hiccup) [тпклр] п, v икота, икать thorough ['влгэ] adj основательный, тщательный beware [bi'wea] v остерегаться beard [biad] л борода threat [Gret] n угроза suite [swi: t] n 1) муз. сюита 2) номер люкс (в гостинице) 3)гарнитур debt [det] л долг moth [ггю9] п моль, мотылек bear [Ьеэ] л медведь pear [реэ] л груша Parti UNIT TWO
If parents would only realise how they bore their children! George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish dramatist, essayist and critic Discuss this before you read the story. 1. Do you like reading? 2. What kind of prose (or poetry) do you prefer? (detective stories, classi 3. Would you prefer reading from a book or a computer screen? Why? 4. What kind of information is dominating in your reading? 5. Do you mostly read for entertainment or for professional information? 6. How many English books have you read? 7. Does your English vocabulary expand after reading a book you really 8. Do you look up the words in the dictionary or do you rely on your ability 9. Have you got any reliable dictionaries at home? 10. Are you sometimes baffled by the grammar you have never learnt? PART1
THE STORY-TELLER* by Hector Hugh Munro (pseudonym Saki, 1870-1916), short-story writer and novelist It was a hot afternoon, and the railway carriage was correspondingly hot and stuffy, and the next stop was nearly an hour ahead. The occupants
Unit two
" Don't, Cyril, don't, " exclaimed the aunt, as the small boy began smacking the cushions of the seat, producing a cloud of dust at each blow. " Come and look out of the window, " she added. The child moved reluctantly to the window. " Why are those sheep being driven out of that field? " he asked. " I expect they are being driven to another field where there is more grass, " said the aunt weakly. " But there is lots of grass in that field, " protested the boy, " there's nothing else but grass there. Aunt, there is lots of grass in that field." " Perhaps the grass in the other field is better, " suggested the aunt. " Why is it better? " came the swift, inevitable question. " Oh, look at those cows! " exclaimed the aunt. Nearly every field along the line had contained cows or calves, but she spoke as though she were drawing attention to a rarity. " Why is the grass in the other field better? " persisted Cyril. The bachelor couldn't help seeing and hearing it all and became more and more irritated, which showed on his face correspondingly. He was a most unpleasant man, the aunt decided in her mind. She was utterly unable to come to any satisfactory decision about the grass in the other field. The smaller girl created a diversion by beginning to recite On the Road to Mandalay. She only knew the first line, but she put her limited knowledge to the fullest possible use. She repeated the line over and over again in a dreamy but resolute and very audible voice; it seemed to the bachelor as though some one had had a bet with her that she could not repeat the line aloud two thousand times without stopping. Whoever it was who had made the bet was likely to lose it. " Come over here and listen to a story, " said the aunt, when the bachelor had looked twice at her. The children moved reluctantly towards the aunt's end of the carriage. Evidently her reputation as a story-teller did not rank high in their opinion. In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, persistent questions from her listeners, she began a story about a little girl who was good, and made friends with every one thanks to her goodness, and was finally saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her courage. Parti
" Well, yes, " admitted the aunt, " but I don't think they would have run quite so fast to her help if they had not liked her so much." " It's the stupidest story I've ever heard, " said the bigger of the small girls, with immense conviction. " I didn't listen after the first bit, it was so stupid, " said Cyril. The smaller girl made no actual comment on the story, but she had long ago recommenced a murmured repetition of her favourite line. " You don't seem to be a success as a story-teller, " said the bachelor suddenly from his corner. The aunt bristled in instant defence at this unexpected attack. " It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate, " she said stiffly. " I don't agree with you, " said the bachelor. " Perhaps you would like to tell them a story, " was the aunt's retort. " Tell us a story, " demanded the bigger of the small girls. " Well, now it's a challenge, isn't it? " the bachelor said to himself, " and I'll accept it ' (to be continued) New Words pseudonym ['sjuidsnim] n псевдоним correspondingly ^kDnsyjondmli] adj соответственно correspond to [, kDris'pDnd] v соответствовать correspond with переписываться stuffy ['sUfi] adj душный, спертый (о воздухе) belong [bi'ton] v принадлежать (зд. употреблено иронически) bachelor ['baetfalg] п зд. холостяк; бакалавр party n зд. группа, общество emphatically [im'faetikali] adv решительно, категорически emphasise f'emfasaiz] v подчеркнуть, выделить monotonous [ms'nDtsnas] adj монотонный out loud вслух smack ухлопать, шлепать (по) reluctantly [n'kktantli] adv неохотно reluctant adj неохотный sheep n овца, овцы (формы ед. и мн. числа совпадают) but (= except for) зд. кроме inevitable fi'nevitsbl] adj неизбежный Unit two
persist (in) [ps'sist] v упорствовать, настойчиво продолжать что-л. делать а most unpleasant man неприятнейший (очень неприятный) человек the most unpleasant man самый неприятный человек (превосходная степень прилагательного) utterly [4t9li] adv совершенно syn. absolutely diversion [dai'v3: j3n] n разнообразие, развлечение, отклонение recite [n'sait] v декламировать dreamy adj мечтательный resolute ['rezalu: t] adj решительный bet л пари, спор to have a bet / to make a bet поспорить, заключить пари goodness ['gudnis] n доброта bull n бык a mad bull бешеный бык rescuer ['reskju: a] n спасатель rescue ['reskju: ] v спасать admire [ad'maig] (/восхищаться admiration [.aedma'reijan] л восхищение courage ['клпбз] п храбрость, мужество immense [1'mens] adj огромный conviction [kan'vikjan] n убеждение comment (on) f'kDment] n замечание, комментарий recommence [rri: k9'mens] v возобновить bristle [bnsl] (/ощетиниться appreciate [s'prbjieit] i/понять, оценить по достоинству demand [di'ma: nd] стребовать, предъявлять требования challenge ['tfaelmdj] n вызов, дело чести, возможность показать, чего ты стоишь challenging adj заманчивый, необычайно интересный challenger n бросающий вызов, вызывающий на состязание, претендент accept (the challenge) принять (вызов) Questions for discussion. 1. Who were the occupants of the compartment? 2. How old were the children in your opinion? 3. Why do you think the aunt's story wasn't interesting for the children? 4. What kind of story do you think the bachelor will tell the children? 5. Think of a story that can arouse children's interest. Parti EXERCISES 1. Find English equivalents in the text for the following (you may think of better Russian translations! ) 1. До следующей остановки предстояло ехать еще почти час. 2....который не принадлежал к их компании. 3. Тетя и дети вели монотонную беседу. 4. Почему этих овец перегоняют с этого поля? 5. Там нет ничего, кроме травы. 6....последовал неизбежный вопрос. 7....она говорила так, как будто привлекала внимание к какой-то 8. Младшая девочка внесла некоторое разнообразие, начав декла 9. Свое скудное знание она использовала на полную мощность.
10. Было очевидно, что, кем бы ни был человек, заключивший это 11. Среди детей ее репутация хорошего рассказчика, очевидно, была 12. Низким, доверительным тоном (голосом)... 13. Разве они не спасли бы ее... 14. Это был как раз тот вопрос, который он сам хотел задать. 15....не стала комментировать рассказ... 16. Тетя ощетинилась, мгновенно приняв оборону от этой неожидан 17....и понять, и оценить. 18. Это уже вызов, и я его принимаю. VOCABULARY 2. Read and translate these sentences into Russian so as to have a better idea of how these words can be used. Correspond to 1. The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 2. His actions do not correspond to his assertions. 3. The contents of the box must correspond to the description on the Correspond with I've been corresponding with them for quite a long time. Unit two
1. We fulfil all our obligations in full correspondence with the terms and 2. I wish our correspondence hadn't stopped. correspondence course (заочное обучение) I have been taking a correspondence course in business English for a year. corresponding adj, correspondingly adv 1. The war and the corresponding loss of life and fall in trade had a 2. He works longer hours, so his pay is correspondingly higher. belong v 1. These books don't belong to me. I've borrowed them from the library. 2. The guide explained to the listeners that the picture belonged to a 3. He doesn't belong here. (He is an alien here; he comes from another 4. Who does this file belong to? 5. The file doesn't belong here (it isn't in its place). Let me put it where it 6. He belongs to one of the best tennis clubs. bachelor л 1. He behaves as if he were still a young bachelor. 2. Martin is a Bachelor of Arts (бакалавр искусств), and his younger party л 1. The bus was rented by a party of tourists. 2. All the interested parties to the matter are invited to take part in a 3. A rescue party is being formed to look for people who were lost during 4. In politics 'a party' is an organization of people with the same political emphasize v, emphatic adj, emphatically adv 1. The speaker emphasized the importance of a pay rise for teachers and doctors. (He stressed that it was important.) Parti 2. 3. She answered with an emphatic 'No'. reluctant adj, reluctantly adv, reluctance n 1. He seemed to be reluctant to go on with the talk, and I acted 2. His stiff manner showed that he was reluctant to express his opinion 3. Reluctantly, he agreed to join our small party at the table. 4. His reluctance to join the party of rescuers surprised everybody. sheep n 1. The word 'sheep' has no plural form, but can be followed by either a e.g. This sheep belongs to me. Those sheep belong to somebody else. 2. That man is a wolf in sheep's clothing. Beware of him! But syn. except, except for 1. The last but one. 2. No one but an expert could have seen the difference. 3. Any day but Thursday suits me. 4. She buys nothing but the best. inevitable adj, inevitably adv, the inevitable n 1. " His failure in the presidential campaign wasn't inevitable, was it? " " Yes, 2. Her reluctance to join us was inevitable. She had never liked big 3. Oh, that Sherlock Holmes with his inevitable Dr. Watson! 4. Given the current financial situation, it was inevitable that the pound 5. This policy inevitably leads to a crisis. 6. You can't change the inevitable. calf n (calves pi) 1. There are a few words that form their plural by changing the final letter '-f' 2. The Russian for 'calf is «теленок», the English for «телятина» is
to persist (in) - упорно продолжать делать что-либо, to insist (on) - настаивать на чем-либо 1. 2. " And what, " he persisted, " makes you so reluctant to take part in the 3. If you persist in smoking, you'll never feel better. 4. She shows great persistence in her work. 5. He became so successful through persistence and ambition. 6. He is very persistent by nature. 7. It was a time of high and persistent unemployment. The unemployment utter v, utter adj, utterly adv 1. As a verb the word 'utter' has an utterly different meaning. It means 'to e.g. She never uttered a rude word to anyone. 2. She sat listening, without uttering a word. 3. They had to walk on in utter darkness. 4. To my utter surprise I was appointed managing director. 5. After the earthquake the village was in utter ruin. (The village was utterly 6. It was utterly impossible to make out anything in that unbearable noise. recite v, recital n 1. She recited poetry as if she were a professional actress. 2. He will give a recital of his own poems. dream n, dream (dreamed / dreamt) v, dreamy adj 1. The noun 'dream' has two meanings. In the examples above it means e.g. Her dream was to become a film star. 2. Do you believe in dreams? 3. I had a wonderful dream the other night. 4. His dream of becoming a champion has come true. 5. The verb 'dream' has two past tense and past participle forms - 6. We would never dream of borrowing so much money! Parti resolute adj, resolutely adv 1. His tone was more resolute than usual. 2. We were surprised because he has never been considered a very 3. Their resolute refusal to sign the petition was utterly unexpected. 4. I'm always making resolutions, like giving up smoking. 5. Everybody but the French delegate (= except for the French delegate) bet n, bet (bet, bet) v 1. He was told how much to bet and on which horse. 2. We had a bet whether you'd come. 3. He looked as if he had lost a bet. 4. " If I ever made a bet on anything, I'd never win. That's inevitable! " he rescue v, rescue n, rescuer n 1. They waited three days to be rescued. 2. Hundreds are still in the water, waiting to be rescued. 3. A rescue team is trying to save the trapped miners. 4. It was my elder brother who came to my rescue. admire v, admiration n, admirable [aedmaerabl] adj 1.1 didn't just like the pianist. I admired him! 2. He is admired for always being willing to come to other people's 3. We stopped in front of the waterfall, admiring the magnificent view. 4. My admiration for that person grows daily. 5. I am just admiring your painting - it's the best you have ever done! 6.1 think you showed admirable tact and self-control in your answer to the opponents. 7. " Poirot, " Hastings said, " I have been thinking." " An admirable exercise, my friend, Continue it." Poirot retorted. courage n, courageous [кэ reid39s] adj, courageously adv 1. People should have the courage to stand up for their beliefs. 2. She is the most courageous police officer I've ever met. 3. If they hadn't fought so courageously, they wouldn't have won the immense adj, immensely adv 1. The square is dominated by an immense statue of the King. 2. It took an immense effort to get things right.
3. 4. He is an immensely resolute man. 5. " Did you enjoy the play? " " Immensely! " conviction n 1. It is my firm conviction that British English and American English will 2. All the actors played with conviction. 3. His political convictions are beyond my understanding. comment n, v 1. She was asked about her religious convictions but made no comment. 2. Asked about the recent political scandal he replied: " No comment! " 3. The boss refused to comment on the matter. appreciate v, appreciation n 1. Your advice is always appreciated. 2. We all appreciated a holiday after a year of hard work. 3. You can't appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm. 4. It's my firm conviction that the talent of this actress hasn't been 5. We would appreciate it if you could inform us of all your requirements 6. The audience admired the young violinist's appreciation of classical demand v, n
demand — требовать, предъявлять требования require — требоваться The workers demanded a pay rise. The project requires a lot of money. 1. 2. The children emphatically demanded that their aunt (should) tell them 3. The judge demanded that the witness (should) give more details. 4. I demand to see the manager. 5. Her books are in great demand. 6. The demand for this equipment is rising. 7. The government is most unlikely to agree to those demands. Parti challenge n, v, challenging adj 1. A 'challenge' is something that tests strength or ability especially in a 2. He liked the speed and challenge of racing. 3. The White House has to face another foreign policy challenge. 4. Their splendid research is likely to meet the challenge of the 21st 5. During the last debates in parliament the prime minister's authority was 6. 'Challenging' means difficult in an interesting and enjoyable way. 7. It must be a challenging problem to solve. GRAMMAR 3 Do you agree with the following statements? Say " Yes" or " No" and prove your answer with the statement from the text. 1. The aunt's conversation with the children was very lively. 2. The little boy didn't even touch the cushions of his seat. 3. The boy didn't ask his aunt any questions. 4. The bachelor wasn't irritated by their conversation because he didn't 5. The rescuers wouldn't have saved her from a mad bull if she hadn't 4. You remember that most of the aunt's remarks seemed to begin with " Don't" and nearly all of the children's remarks began with " Why? " Here are some of the aunt's remarks and some of the children's questions. Report the aunt's direct words and the children's direct questions. Example: '" Don't shout! " The aunt asked the children not to shout. 1. " Don't make so much noise! " 2. " Don't jump all the time! " 3. " Don't smack the cushions! " 4. " Don't stir your tea so loudly! " 5. " Don't ask so many silly questions! " Example: " Why can't we shout if we want to? " The children asked why they couldn't shout if they wanted to. Unit two 1. 2. " Why can't we jump all the time? " 3. " Why are there so many clouds in the sky? " 4. " Why is my tea so hot? " 5. " Why is the wind blowing? " 6. " Why are those sheep being driven out of that field? " 5. Change these sentences using the Passive Voice as in the example. Example: The children occupied a corner seat. A corner seat was occupied by the children. 1. Shoplifters steal things from supermarkets every day. 2. Someone stole twenty bottles of whisky yesterday. 3. Did they ask the aunt many questions? 4. Why did no one inform me of those changes? 5. The smaller girl made no actual comment on the story. 6. They haven't stamped the letter. 7. Nobody has used this room for ages. 8. Why did the rescuers save the girl? 9. She didn't introduce the children to him.
10. They are driving the sheep out of the field. 11. She is going to punish the children. 12. Why wasn't she looking after the children properly? 13. You can't wash this dress; you must have it dry-cleaned. 14. A robot could do this much better. 15. The children will ask the bachelor to tell them a story. 16. The girl is going to repeat the line again and again. 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Example: We wouldn't insist on doing it if it were not so important. 1. The child (understand) if you said it out loud more emphatically. 2. If the book (belong) to me, I would give it to you. But it doesn't! 3. We (not / be baffled) if his speech were not so inconsistent. 4. If they (avoid) having arguments all the time, they wouldn't be drifting 5. Your dreams (come) true if you acted more resolutely. 6. If I (be) you, I would make no comment. 7. If I knew it is inevitable, I (accept) it. 8. They would have an advantage if they (recommence) the job Parti 9. If he (have) enough courage he wouldn't give up. 10. Would you admire him, if he (not be) Bachelor of Arts? Example: They wouldn't have run so fast to her help if they had not liked her so much. 1. If he (not / act) so courageously, the people wouldn't have been 2. I (win), if we had made the bet! 3. If he (know) the answer, he could have answered, but he didn't! 4. The girl (keep on) reciting the poem, if she hadn't been interrupted. 5. If he (not / be) so persistent, he would never have achieved his goals. 6. He (not / be admired) so much if he hadn't been so courageous. 7. The children would have appreciated the story if it (not / sound) so 8. His assertions (not / create) such a stir, if his report had not contained 9. If he (not / know) that the horse was going to win he wouldn't have
10. The bachelor (not / accept) the challenge if he had known all the booby- 11. If you had been there, what you (do)? \ 7. Rewrite these sentences using 'if. Example: She isn't a good story-teller. The children didn't appreciate her story at all. If she were a better story-teller, the children would have appreciated her story. She didn't work hard at her English at school. Now she has difficulties with her English at work. If she had worked harder at her English at school, she wouldn't have difficulties with it now. 1.He isn't a courageous person. He didn't come to those people's rescue. 2.1 can't recite poems. I couldn't take part in the school competition. 3. He knows the subject very well. He resolutely made his assertions. 4. He isn't patient enough with the children. He made rude comments 5. He belongs to this club. He even managed to take a few of his friends
6. 7. She is such a merciful person. She came to my help so many times in 8.1 have been taking a correspondence course in business English for a year. My boss appreciates my ability to correspond with our partners in English. 9. He didn't work hard at school and didn't go to college. So he does not have any higher education and can't find a well-paid job. 8. Fill in the table with the missing comparisons.
Когда речь идет о расстояниях, употребляются слова: farther / further (дальше, более далекий); farthest / furthest (самый далекий). 'Further' имеет также значение «дальнейший», «дополнительный». Parti
1. 2. The boats were drifting... and... apart. 3.... to your letter of May 27th, we can confirm your order. 4. What is the... distance you have ever run? 5. Are there any... questions? 6. The hospital is... down the road. 7. Things were... complicated by the fact that she did not speak English. 8. A table was set at the... end of the kitchen. 9. For... details contact the Personnel Department. 0. Ann and Tom are in a bookshop buying a birthday present for their son. Report their conversation with the shop assistant. Ann. We're looking for some books for our son. He'll be 10 next week and we'd like to give him a few interesting ones for his birthday. Shop assistant. Fine! A book is the best present for a child of his age. Ann. Yes, my mother used to say that to me. Our son likes reading and we want to encourage him. You know, children now are more interested in playing computer games than in reading books. Shop assistant. I couldn't agree more. What kind of books does he like to read? Tom. When he was younger, he used to make us read him fairy tales and poems and he learnt most of them by heart. He even sometimes recited them for our friends and at nursery school. Our friends admired him and told him he would be an actor. Ann. As he grew older and learnt to read by himself, he started reading adventure stories, myths and legends. Shop assistant. And what are his preferences now? Tom. He enjoys ghost stories and horror stories, when something emerges from nowhere and vanishes into thin air. That sort of things, you know. These stories are now popular among his friends at school. They exchange books and then discuss them or play out some episodes from them. I'm afraid this can do him harm. What do you think? Shop assistant. You shouldn't worry! In my opinion it's a very good thing when children discuss the books they are reading and I'm sure they'll grow out of this interest in ghosts and horrors. I'll show all the latest in our section of historical novels and science fiction. I'm sure you'll find something suitable there. Unit two
Tom. Oh, Ann! While you're making your choice there, I'll go and choose a nice detective story for myself! 11. Retell the story. Begin with: If the children hadn't been so noisy... Finish the story with: ...the bachelor wouldn't have accepted the challenge. Example: If the children hadn't been so noisy... If the children hadn't been so noisy the aunt wouldn't have started telling them a story. If the aunt hadn't started telling her story... PART 2
THE STORY-TELLER (the beginning of the story is on p. 29) " Once upon a time, " began the bachelor, " there was a little girl called Bertha, who was extraordinarily good." The children's interest began at once to vanish; all stories seemed dreadfully alike, no matter who told them. " She did all that she was told, she was always truthful, she kept her clothes clean, ate milk puddings as though they were jam tarts, learned her lessons perfectly, and was polite in her manners." " Was she pretty? " asked the bigger of the small girls. " Not as pretty as any of you, " said the bachelor, " but she was horribly good." There was a wave of reaction in favour of the story; the word 'horrible' in connection with goodness was a novelty. It seemed to introduce a ring of truth that was absent from the aunt's tales. " She was so good, " continued the bachelor, " that she won several medals for goodness, which she always wore, pinned on to her dress. There was a medal for obedience, another medal for punctuality, and a third for good behaviour. They were large metal medals and they clicked against one another as she walked. No other child in the town where she lived had as many as three medals, so everybody knew that she must be an extra good child." Part 2 " Horribly good, " quoted Cyril. " Everybody talked about her goodness, and the Prince of the country got to hear about it, and he said that as she was so very good she might be allowed once a week to walk in his park, which was just outside the town. It was a beautiful park, and no children were ever allowed in it, so it was a great honour for Bertha to be allowed to go there." " Were there any sheep in the park? " demanded Cyril. " No, " said the bachelor, " there were no sheep." " Why weren't there any sheep? " came the inevitable question arising out of that answer. The aunt permitted herself a smile, which might almost have been described as a grin. " There were no sheep in the park" said the bachelor, " because the Prince's mother had once had a dream that her son would either be killed by a sheep or else by a clock falling on him. For that reason the Prince never kept a sheep in his park or a clock in his palace." The aunt suppressed a gasp of admiration. " Was the Prince killed by a sheep or by a clock? " asked Cyril. " He is still alive, so we can't tell whether the dream will come true, " said the bachelor; " anyway, there were no sheep in the park, but there were lots of little pigs running all over the place." " What colour were they? " " Black with white faces, white with black spots, black all over, grey with white patches, and some were white all over." The story-teller paused to let a full idea of the park's treasures sink into the children's imaginations; then he went on: " Bertha was rather sorry to find that there were no flowers in the park. She had promised her aunts, with tears in her eyes, that she would not pick any of the Prince's flowers, and she had meant to keep her promise, so of course it made her feel silly to find that there were no flowers to pick." " Why weren 't there any flowers? " " Because the pigs had eaten them all, " said the bachelor promptly. " The gardeners had told the Prince that you couldn't have pigs and flowers, so he decided to have pigs and no flowers." There was a murmur of approval at the excellence of the Prince's decision; so many people would have decided the other way. There were lots of other delightful things in the park. There were ponds with gold and blue and green fish in them, and trees with beautiful parrots that said clever things at a moment's notice, and humming birds that hummed all the popular tunes of the day. Bertha walked up and down and enjoyed herself immensely, and thought to herself: 'If I were not so extraordinarily good I should not have been allowed to come into this beautiful park and enjoy all that there is to be seen in it, ' and her three medals clinked against one another as she walked Unit two
" What colour was he? " asked the children, their interest immediately quickening. " Mud-colour all over, with a black tongue and pale grey eyes that gleamed with unspeakable ferocity. The first thing that he saw in the park was Bertha; her pinafore was so spotlessly white and clean that it could be seen from a great distance. Bertha saw the wolf and saw that he was stealing towards her, and she began to wish that she had never been allowed to come into the park. She ran as hard as she could, and the wolf came after her with huge leaps and bounds. She managed to reach a shrubbery of myrtle bushes and she hid herself in one of the thickest of the bushes. The wolf came sniffing among the branches, his pale grey eyes glaring with rage. Bertha was terribly frightened, and thought to herself: 'If I had not been so extraordinarily good I should have been safe in the town at this moment.' However, the scent of the myrtle was so strong that the wolf could not sniff out where Bertha was hiding, and the bushes were so thick that he might have hunted about in them for a long time without noticing, so he thought he might as well go off and catch a little pig instead. Bertha was trembling very much at having the wolf prowling and sniffing so near her, and as she trembled the medal for obedience clinked against the medals for good conduct and punctuality. The wolf was just moving away when he heard the sound of the medals clinking and stopped to listen; they clinked again in a bush quite near him. He dashed into the bush, his pale grey eyes gleaming with ferocity and triumph and dragged Bertha out and devoured her to the last morsel. All that was left of her were her shoes, bits of clothing, and the three medals for goodness." " Were any of the little pigs killed? " " No, they all escaped." " The story began badly, " said the smaller of the small girls, " but it had a beautiful ending." " It is the most beautiful story that I have ever heard, " said the bigger of the small girls, with immense decision. " It is the only beautiful story I have ever heard, " said Cyril. A different opinion came from the aunt. " A most improper story to tell to young children! I wish I hadn't asked you to tell them a story. You have undermined the effect of years of careful teaching." " At any rate, " said the bachelor, collecting his belongings preparatory to leaving the carriage, " I kept them quiet for ten minutes, which was more than you were able to do." " Unhappy woman! " he observed to himself as he walked down the platform of the station; " for the next six months or so those children will not leave her alone, demanding that she should tell them an improper story! " New Words extraordinarily [ik'stradnarsh] adv необычайно extraordinary adj необычайный vanish [VasniJ] v исчезать in favour [m feivs] в пользу novelty ['rmvalti] n новинка, нечто новое pin (pinned) on [pin, pmd] (/приколоть к pin л булавка obedience [a'bhdians] л послушание punctuality [, pAnktju'aebti] n пунктуальность behaviour [Ы'пешэ] л поведение click [klik] v звонко щелкнуть quote [kwaut] v цитировать, процитировать arise (arose, arisen) [a'raiz, э'гэш, s'nzn] v возникать, возникнуть permit [pa'mit] (/разрешать, разрешить grin л усмешка, ухмылка suppress [ss'pres] v подавить gasp [gcusp] n вздох come true сбываться (о снах, мечтах) patch л пятно, заплата sink (sank, sunk) v тонуть sink into проникнуть promptly ['promptli] adv немедленно approval [a'prurval] n одобрение delightful [di'laitful] adj восхитительный at a moment's notice немедленно, как только их попросили hum (hummed) (/жужжать, напевать prowl [praul] i/красться, бродить mud л грязь mud-color цвета грязи gleam [gli: m] v блестеть, поблескивать ferocity [fs'rosati] л свирепость pinafore ['pmsfo: ] л передник steal (stole, stolen) (/красться, красть (воровать) leaps and bounds длинные скачки shrubbery ['/глЬэп] л кустарник myrtle [m3: tl] л мирт (растение) bush [buj] л куст tremble [trembl] v дрожать conduct ['kondAkt] л поведение syn. behaviour dash (/броситься, прыгнуть Part 2
Unit two
drag (dragged) утащить, утащить, волочить devour [di'vaua] v пожирать, сожрать morsel [mo: s3l] n кусочек escape [is'keip] v спастись бегством improper [im'props] adj неподходящий ant. proper undermine [ymcb'main] v подрывать, подорвать принципы, устои и т.п. observe [9b'z3: v] v заметить, сказать leave sb alone оставить в покое Questions for discussion. 1. Did you expect the bachelor's story to be like that? 2. How was the bachelor's story different from the aunt's story? 3. Why did the children appreciate the bachelor's story? 4. Why do you think the aunt called the bachelor's story " a most improper 5. Did you enjoy reading the story? Was it new for you or did you read it EXERCISES . Find English equivalents in the text for the following (you may think of better Russian translations). 1. Жила-была девочка по имени Берта, которая была необыкновенно 2....казалось, что все истории ужасно одинаковые, кто бы их ни рас 3. Не такая хорошенькая, как вы обе... 4. Это, казалось, было хоть немного похожим на правду; то, чего со 5. Ни у одного ребенка в городе, где она жила, не было целых трех 6....принц услыхал о ней (до принца дошел слух о ней)... 7....и было большой честью для Берты получить разрешение там гу 8....погибнет либо из-за овцы (букв, будет либо убит овцой), либо 9....подавила вздох восхищения. 10....не можем пока сказать, сбудется ли этот сон.
11. 12....популярные в настоящий момент мелодии. 13....то, что там можно посмотреть... 14. Первое, что он там увидел... 15....кусты были такие густые, что он мог бы там (по ним) долго ры 16....он (волк) бросился в кусты, его серые глаза сверкали свирепо 17....разорвал ее в клочья. 18. Крайне неподходящая для детей история... 19. Вы разрушили (уничтожили) все многолетние усилия по воспита 20....размышлял он про себя, когда шел по платформе на станции. VOCABULARY Read and translate these sentences into Russian so as to have a better idea of how these words can be used. extraordinary adj, extraordinarily adv 1. When she was young, she was a woman of extraordinary beauty. 2. An extraordinary meeting / session, etc. is a meeting / session, etc. 3. There will be an extraordinary meeting next Wednesday to discuss the 4. I'm afraid Jane can behave quite extraordinarily sometimes.
чрезвычайное положение - a state of emergency
1. To 'vanish' means to disappear suddenly or in a way that cannot be 2. We started running after the thief but he ran much quicker than any 3. The police looked for him everywhere but he had vanished in the 4. He wouldn't be so upset if all his hopes to get a promotion hadn't 5. When she heard his name, the smile vanished from her face.
1. The match ended in favour of our team. 2. I wonder if everybody will be in favour of our idea. 3. All those in favour, raise your hands. 4. Please, do me a favour. Could you do me a favour? 5. He did us a great favour. 6. You always were Dad's favourite.
favourable (благоприятный, благосклонный), favourite (любимый) The answer (opinion) was favourable. The weather (wind) was favourable. The result of the bet was favourable for Harry. He is my favourite author (composer, singer). It's my favourite book (story, tune, poem, chocolate).
1. They showed all the novelties in fashion. 2. When the novelty had worn off, fewer and fewer people watched the pin n, pin v 1.We use pins and needles when sewing, (to sew, sewed, sewn [S9u, sgud, saun] шить). 2. Have you got a safety pin? Do me a favour, let me have one quickly! 3. A large picture of the Queen was pinned to (on) the wall. 4. You shouldn't pin all your hopes on getting that job - why don't you 5. 'To be on pins and needles' is the American expression corresponding 6.1 was on pins and needles to find out in whose favor (Am.) the match had ended. 7. We were kept on pins and needles (tenterhooks) all morning until the telephone rang. obey v, obedience n, obedient adj ant. disobey, disobedience, disobedient 1. " You are supposed to obey my orders, " the commander said to the 2. Obedience to law and order is perfectly natural in any civilized society. 3. The children were expected to be quiet and obedient in the classroom. Part 2 punctual adj, punctually adv, punctuality n 1. She is always very punctual for appointments. 2. The meeting began punctually at nine o'clock. 3. The boss demands punctuality from us all. 4. Punctuality is the politeness of princes (believed to be said by Louis behave v, behaviour n (syn. conduct) 1. He behaved like a gentleman. 2. The car is behaving better than usual today. 3. 'Behave yourself is only used when speaking to children. 4. As always with human behavior, there are exceptions to the general 5. It was Fleming who discovered the behaviour of penicillin on human click v, n 1. The soldier gave a click of his heels as he saluted the Queen. 2. Paul clicked his fingers to attract the waiter's attention. 3. Liz and I really clicked (with each other) the first time we met. 4. As he talked about his school days, it suddenly clicked where I had met 5. In computer language 'to click' means to make a computer instruction e.g. When you have selected the file you want, click 'Open'. quote v, quotation n 1. " Tomorrow is another day, " she was often quoted as saying. 2. I'd like to include a quotation (quote) from Shakespeare: " All the world's arise (arose, arisen) v syn. turn up, emerge 1. Some unforeseen problems arose (emerged) quite unexpectedly. 2. Should the opportunity arise (turn up), I'd love to go to China. 3. Could you work on Saturday should the need arise? 4. It all arose from a misunderstanding. permitv, permit [p9: mit] n, permission n 1. Flexible working hours permit (allow) parents to spend more time with 2. The Government promised further pay rises when economic conditions Unit two 3. 4. A permit is an official document that allows you to do something or go 5. You will need a parking permit if you want to park in this street. 6. She has managed to obtain (get) a temporary residence permit. |
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Just wait! The list has not been made.
Read the story and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 31-32 will help you. 
* The Best of Saki. Penguin Popular Classics, 1994.
of the carriage were a small girl, and a smaller girl, and a small boy. An aunt belonging to the children occupied one corner seat, and the further corner seat on the opposite side was occupied by a bachelor who was a stranger to their party, but the small girls and the small boy emphatically occupied the compartment. Both the aunt and the children were engaged in a monotonous conversation. Most of the aunt's remarks seemed to begin with " Don't, " and nearly all of the children's remarks began with " Why? " The bachelor said nothing out loud. 
" Wouldn't they have saved her if she hadn't been good? " demanded the bigger of the small girls. It was exactly the question that the bachelor had wanted to ask.
calf (pi. calves) [ka: f] ([ka: vz]) n теленок, телята
correspondence n
Another speaker expressed his emphatic opinion (strong belief) that
Unit two
persist v (in sth, in doing sth), persistence n, persistent adj
Don't mix up! 
They persisted in their efforts to convince everybody that they were
Unit two
She is a woman of immense courage.
Don't mix up! 
This kind of work demands (requires) a lot of concentration.
" Why is the train going so slowly? " 
Unit two
He always relies on himself. He was able to accept the challenge.
9. Choose the correct words from the box (sometimes two variants are possible).
farther, further, farthest, furthest
She lived... away from school than all of us.
Ann. Thanks a lot.
Read the end of the story and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 47-48 will help you.
and helped to remind her how very good she really was. Just then an enormous wolf came prowling into the park to see if he could catch a fat little pig for his supper.
47
triumph ['traiamfj n триумф
Part 2
Отличное решение принца вызвало одобрение; многие решили
Remember! 
vanish v
Unit two
favour n, favourable adj, favourite adj, favourite л
novelty n
The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct