NEW JR EAST TRAINS OFFER MORE AT LOWER COST

JR East, Japan, is introducing a large fleet of series E231 emus on its commuter network in the Tokyo area up to 2003. The first of these trains began operating on the Chuo-Sobu suburban line last year.

(1) The fleet of series E231 emus currently being built will provide JR East with 1832 new cars by 2004. JR East is constructing the trains at its own Nitsu facilities, and will employ them on its Chuo-Sobu, Tokuku, Joban, and Yamanote lines in Tokyo during the next three years.

(2) The series E231 train was developed by JR East in partnership with Tokyo Car Corporation as an eventual successor to the existing series 209 family, which incorporates series E217 and 701 trains. Presently, there are more than 2000 of these cars in operation on suburban services in Tokyo, representing about a quarter of the total rolling stock in the region.

(3) JR East developed Series 209 trains under a half-cost, half-weight, halflifetime concept, and began introducing them in 1992. The replacement series E231 is expected to improve passenger services, increase capacity, and reduce costs. A 10-car prototype, completed in October 1998, entered service on the Chou-Sobu line in March 1999 and had been tested for a full year before series production started. Delivery of the first train took place last year.

(4) The aim of developing the 120 km/h series E231 was to increase capacity by 50%, reduce the construction cost by 10%, compared with the series 209. New computerized information technology was introduced to reduce costs and improve performance.

(5) The series E231 is capable of operating either as an urban or suburban train. Its acceleration, speed, and tractive effort can be modified by the software installed in inverters, depending upon which version of the train is employed in service.

(6) It can operate in consists of five, ten, fifteen cars. A 10-car train comprises four motorcars, two driving trailers, and four trailers. A 5-car train comprises two motor cars, two driving trailers, and one trailer. Each car is 20m long between couplers and 2.95m wide, with four 1.3m-wide sliding doors on each side. The lightweight

stainless steel body shell is the same as the series 209 trains. A crashworthy structure was also developed for the suburban version of the E231 because of the additional risk of a collision at level crossings. The driving trailer has blocks1 made of aluminum honeycomb2 and stainless steel to absorb crash energy, while couplers between the leading and second car incorporate a shock-absorbing buffer to reduce shock forces throughout the train.

(7) The driver’s cab is ergonomically designed. The driver or conductor can monitor and control on-board systems and equipment from the cab, which incorporates a train information system (Tim). Among other functions, Tim controls air-conditioning and braking, as well as detecting the number of passengers on board via load sensors.

(8) Tim has reduced pre-operation inspection time by 85%. The self-checking system consists of central units in driving trailers and terminal units in each car. Each 32-bit central processing unit (CPU) is connected via a bus. The network has a capacity of 2.4 Mbps.

(9) Each motor car has four 95 kW asynchronous traction motors. Two motor cars are coupled electrically. One motor car (M) has a pantograph and two sets of inverter each driving four traction motors. Another one (M’) has an air compressor and a static inverter for auxiliary power supply3. It supplies 210 kVA, three-phase a.c., and 440V, 60Hz.

Choose the correct tail-question given in brackets. The first one is done for you.

1. Japan is introducing a large fleet of modernized electric trains, (doesn’t it, isn’t it, does it? )

2. Older trains will be replaced by more powerful ones, (is it, won’t they, aren’t they? )

3. JR East developed Series 209 trains under a half-cost, half-weight, half lifetime concept, (don’t they, didn’t they, isn’t it? )

4. The aim of developing the 120 km/h series E231 is to increase capacity, (isn’t it, was it, wasn’t it? )

5. Tractive effort can be modified by new software, (can it, can’t it, isn’t it? )

6. This engine can’t start below –15o, (can it, doesn’t it, does it? )

7. Couplers between the leading and second car incorporate a shock-absorbing buffer, (do they, are they, don’t they? )

8. The driver’s cab is ergonomically designed, (is it, isn’t it, doesn’t it? )

9. Tim system provides detecting the number of passengers on board, (isn’t it, doesn’t it, don’t they? )

10. The network has a capacity of 2.4 Mbps, (doesn’t it, does it, hasn’t it? )

11. A parking brake has recently been introduced to replace the hand brake, (is it, hasn’t he, hasn’t it? )

12. The motor bogie hasn’t been modified since 1998, (has it, does it, isn’t it? )

13. The series E231 trains will reduce energy consumption, (won’t it, won’t they, don’t they? )

 

 

Вариант10

 

1.Образуйте множественное число существительных с помощью суффикса, обращая внимание на орфографические изменения.

A room, a shelf, a wife, a glass, a suit, a toy, a lady, an arm, a book, a child, a foot, a goose, an egg, a bus, a pig

2.Замените существительное с предлогом of существительными в притяжательном падеже.

A brush of Mrs. Bell, the dinner of the woman, the radio of a man, the flowers of the girl, the milk of the children, the dog of the boy

3.Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных и наречий.

Naughty, big, wide, hot, exiting, laborious, well, badly, little.

4.Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite

1. Mr. Bell … an artist. 2. John and I …his sons. 3. My sister … a schoolgirl. 4. I … a student of a college. 5. They … friends. 6. You … a good boy.

5.Заполните пропуски глаголом to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite

1. Mrs. Bell …two sons and a daughter. 2. Jane …her own room. 3. We … also our car. 4. My mother … a good job. 5. You … also a big family.

6.Употребите оборот there is/there are в следующих предложениях. Переведите.

1. … a cat on the table. 2. … a basket on the table. 3. … oranges in the cupboard. 4. … a telephone on the table. 5. … a bottle under the table. 6. … a glass in the cupboard.

7.Замените выделенные слова личными местоимениями.

1. Mary helps her mother every day. 2. Frank listens to the radio usually. 3. Frank and Mary like to watch a football match. 4. The cat tried to catch a mouse. 5. The men give the children a ball.

8.Употребите соответствующие притяжательные местоимения вместо личных местоимений, данных в скобках.

1. ( I ) … umbrella is red, yours is blue. 2. ( she ) … face is white and round. 3. (they) …match began at three o’clock. 4. (you) … speech was exiting. 5. (he) … song lasts 5 minutes.

9.Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Indefinite

1. She (walk) to school with her friends. 2. He (count) the books. 3. I (clean) the windows. 4. The children (clap) their hands. 5. The little girls (cry) sometimes.

10.Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past или Future Indefinite по смыслу.

1.She (cook) a meal tomorrow. 2. We (play) football yesterday. 3. She (look) at the child at that moment. 4. He (wash) his car next morning. 5. We (see) an aeroplane yesterday.

10. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1) They stayed in Moscow all summer. 2) She planned her work well. 3) The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor. 4) He worked in that Institute for many years. 5) We arrived home late. 6) He entered this class in April. 7) Ann passed all her examinations. 8) The meeting lasted a long time

11. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Future Simple:

1) Helen (find) the book which you need.

2) They (see) us tomorrow.

3) He (finish) the work in April.

4) The shops (close) at noon today.

5) We (arrive) at three o’clock.

6) She (tell) you all about it.

7) You (spend) two months in the South.

8) The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine.

12. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1) They will return in October. 2) These exercises will be easy for you. 3) He will be able to meet us later. 4) Our drama society will present a new play this year. 5) The lesson will be over at twelve o’clock. 6) There will be three new students in the class. 7) She will leave a message on the table for him. 8) They will write to us on Wednesday.

13. Употребите модальные глаголы can, may, must, could, should, can't, mustn't, needn't и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. … I take this book for a little?

2. I….. ski when I was young.

3. You … work more seriously.

4. He … answer the question. It’s not difficult.

5. You.... respect your parents.

6. My sister …. write this letter, she is very busy.

7. My sister …. write this letter. She’ll phone them.

8. You …. make notes in the books.

14. Письменно переведите текст. Выполните задание после текста.

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