Translate the following questions into English and answer them.

1.Что вы можете сказать о результатах реформ, проводимых фирмами, выпускающими подвижной состав? 2. Кто раньше (used to) отвечал за техническое состояние подвижного состава? 3. Кто разрабатывал (писал) технические условия? 4. Были ли поставщики заинтересованы в содержании (ремонте) поездов по истечении гарантийного периода? 5. Что сделал бы представитель фирмы-поставщика, если бы ему пришлось заниматься техническим содержанием своего подвижного состава? 6. Какие основные фирмы-поставщики упоминаются в тексте? 7. В какой стране наиболее ощутимо влияние проводимых реформ? 8. Кто должен теперь отвечать за обслуживание и техническое содержание подвижного состава? 9. Почему фирмы-производители строят дорогостоящие производственные мощности? 10. В центрах по техническому обслуживанию будут работать только железнодорожники?

Вариант 12

 

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

а) 1. Quantum mechanics has greatly influenced the nuclear theory.

2. The workers were mounting the new machine-tools from 5 to 7 o’clock.

б) 1. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different forms of energy.

2.The engineers were asked to make an experimental model of the device.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. Natural rubber is a thermoplastic material that becomes soft when heated and hard when cooled.

2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.

3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.

4. While bombarding the upper layers of the atmosphere, cosmic rays reach the surface of the earth.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A great number of plastics should find their application in the electric industry.

2. Chemical means had to be used for the separation of compounds into their elements.

3. No man is able to do 500.000 sums in one second but a computer can.

4. Any atomic station can be built in any region where its power is to be used.

 

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.

Ch. Raman1(1888-1970)

1. Raman was an Indian Physicist, pre-eminent1 in molecular spectroscopy and acoustics. He created the Indian Academy of sciences in 1934 and was its president until his death in 1970. He was justly considered the father of Indian science and the Indian Government honored him with the first of its National Professorships. In 1957 he became an International Peace Prize Winner.

2. The son of a teacher and lecturer, Raman entered the College in Madras in 1903 and achieved the highest distinctions in the examinations for scientific degrees. As scientific research was at this time almost completely neglected in India, he then entered the CivilService3 and was appointed to a position in the Finance Department in 1907. He retained this employment for ten years, mostly in Calcutta. When he was eighteen years old he published his first original optical research in the “Philosophical Magazine”. He continued scientific work in his spare time: some thirty papers testified to5 his ability and energy and helped to make his name familiar to scientists in Europe and America.

3. In 1917 Raman was offered the professorship of physics at the Calcutta University. He occupied the chair6 from1917 to 1933. Raman brought7 to Calcutta many talented young Indians to undertake research into optical phenomena, acoustics and other branches of physics.

4. During the years in Calcutta Raman Emerged8 as a truly international figure. In 1930 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (for his work on the discovery of the effect named after him). Raman was honored by universities and scientific institutions in Russia, Europe and America as well as in his own country.

 

V. Прочитайте 1 и 4 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What was Raman?

2. What did he create?

3. Was he considered the father of Indian science?

4. What was he awarded the Nobel Prize for?

5. What universities and institutions honored him?

VI. Переведите текст письменно и выполните задания после текста.

ST. PETERSBURG BRIDGES

(1) The early temporary St. Petersburg bridges were made by tying several barges at an anchor together. Some first bridges were timber or floating ones. Tzar Peter the Great prohibited bridge building in the young city in spite of the fact that it was situated on numerous islets of the Neva River delta and its tributaries. Peter the Great wanted to make the inhabitants use boats for crossing water obstacles. After his death in 1762 the Department for Bridges and Roads was established. That was the starting point for an intensive bridge erection to span numerous rivers, the Neva tributaries, canals, channels, etc.

(2) Before 1834 sixty-five timber, twenty-six stone, ten floating and sixteen cast iron bridges were erected in St. Petersburg. It was a flourishing bridge age as the structures were of a high artistic value and had outstanding architectural merits. Hermitage Bridge, Winter Palace Bridge, Prachechny Bridge are among these masterpieces.

(3) The most attractive bridges are in the parks of the Tsarskoye Selo and a number of suspension bridges spanning the Fontanka River and Griboyedov canal. Seven suspension bridges were built in St. Petersburg between 1820-1840. Three of them survived to our days and we can admire the graceful Bank Bridge, Lion Bridge and Post Bridge.

(4) At the crossing of Nevsky Prospect and the Fontanka River you can see one of the world famous bridges. This is Anichkov Bridge. Following a decree of Peter the Great, a wooden bridge about 6m wide was erected in 1715 by an Admiralty engineers battalion commanded by M. Anichkov. It gave place to a stone structure with four towers on the comers in 1841. It has stood to these days and is as wide as Nevsky Prospect. The arch granite spans look graceful with its four sculptures of tamed horses by Peter Klodt.

 

1. Go back to the text and using the paragraph reference find words which are similar to:

first, to ban, construction, many, a resident, to set up, to connect (paragraph 1);

successful, a quality, a masterwork (paragraph 2);

several, to like (paragraph 3);

intersection, to build, to replace, elegant (paragraph 4).

 

Вариант 13

 

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

а) 1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.

2. Astronomers find that the day is increasing by 0.002 seconds each century.

б) 1. As a rule one great discovery is generally followed by numerous others.

2. We were shown a new alloy, which will be used, in modern technology.

 

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский.

1. Matter consists of one or a number of basic elements occurring in nature.

2. One can use several modern devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity.

3. When heated to a certain temperature this alloy increases in volume.

4. This cloud chamber (камера Вильсона) is one of the devices used to detect the presence of radioactivity.

 

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A computer can solve complicated problems many times faster than a mathematician.

2. A new type of plastics had to be obtained for space technology.

3. To measure the vast distances between different planets scientists have to use special instruments.

4. The nuclear-rocket engine should be thermally efficient.

 

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.

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