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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
РАЗДЕЛ 1. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКАСтр 1 из 8Следующая ⇒
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «УФИМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НЕФТЯНОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» (УГНТУ) МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ) Для студентов заочной формы обучения Уфа-2016 УДК ББК Рецензент: Петрова Е.А., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных и русского языков УЮИ МВД России; Хисамова Д.Д., канд филол. наук, доцент кафедры башкирского языка и методики его преподавания БГПУ им. М. Акмуллы
Казанцева Е.А., Валиахметова Э.К. Методические указания и контрольные задания по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) для студентов заочной формы обучения / Е.А. Казанцева, Э.К. Валиахметова– Уфа: Уфимск. гос. ун-т экономики и сервиса, 2015. - 157 с. ISBN Методические указания включают в себя тексты контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский), а также подробные рекомендации и разъяснения для освоения дисциплины студентами заочной формы обучения всех направлений.
ISBN © Валиахметова Э.К., Казанцева Е.А., 2015 © Уфимский государственный университет экономики и сервиса, 2015
Содержание 1. Методические рекомендации для студентов….. 2. Раздел 1. Грамматика и лексика……………… 2.1. Контрольная работа № 1…………… 2.2. Контрольная работа № 2…………… 2.3. Контрольная работа № 3……………. 2.4. Контрольная работа № 4……………….. 3. Раздел 2. Чтение…………………………………. 3.1. 1 семестр…………………………………….. 3.2. 2 семестр……………………………………. 3.3. 3 семестр……………………………………. 3.4. 4 семестр…………………………………… 4. Раздел 3. Развитие навыков устной речи 4.1. 1 семестр…………………………………… 4.2. 2 семестр…………………………………… 4.3. 3 семестр…………………………………… 4.4. 4 семестр…………………………………… 5. Список рекомендуемой литературы…………… Методические рекомендации для студентов Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов I-II курсов заочного отделения неязыковых факультетов вузов. Представленный материал подобран с учетом требований программы для студентов дистанционной формы обучения высших учебных заведений, которая, в основном, предусматривает самостоятельные занятия студентов. Цель пособия - контроль знания материала по предмету, пройденного за четыре семестра. Задачи, которые решают авторы пособия, заключаются в следующем: 1) контроль лексико-грамматических навыков; 2) контроль навыков чтения, понимания и перевода иноязычных текстов; 3) контроль навыков устной речи. Первый раздел учебно-методического пособия состоит из четырех контрольных работ, по одной для каждого семестра. Перед контрольной работой дается перечень грамматического материала, который должен быть усвоен студентом-заочником при выполнении контрольной работы. Контрольная работа включает лексико-грамматические упражнения. Второй раздел включает тексты, предназначенные для студентов различных направлений. Самостоятельная работа над чтением, переводом и анализом этих текстов позволяет студентам подготовиться к итоговому письменному экзамену (перевод на русский язык иноязычного текста). Тексты необходимо перевести устно с опорой на свой словарь. В текстах и упражнениях пособия использованы как адаптированные, так и неадаптированные материалы из периодической и учебной литературы, издающейся на английском языке в России, а также из учебников, пособий и энциклопедий на английском языке, изданных в Великобритании и США. Обратите внимание, что для выполнения контрольной работы № 4 необходимо выбрать блок текстов, соответствующий укрупненной группе направлений (экономические направления, туризм и гостеприимство, технические направления). Третий раздел предназначен для развития навыков устной речи. Весь материал, предлагаемый для изучения в семестре, должен быть выучен наизусть. Эти тематически подобранные клишированные фразы позволят объясниться в стандартных ситуациях общения. Перед выполнением контрольной работы студенту необходимо подробно изучить грамматический материал, для чего даётся список рекомендуемой литературы по грамматике английского языка. При переводе текстов следует использовать англо-русский словарь. Письменные работы студентов должны отвечать следующим требованиям: Первую страницу тетради оставляют чистой для рецензии преподавателя. В тетради должны быть поля для замечаний и рекомендаций рецензентов. Задания необходимо переписывать в тетрадь. При выполнении лексико-грамматических упражнений каждое предложение нужно переписать в тетрадь и письменно перевести на русский язык. Каждое предложение следует писать с новой строки: английское предложение - на левой, а его перевод - на правой стороне страницы тетради. Проверенная контрольная работа должна быть исправлена студентом согласно указаниям рецензента, а недостаточно усвоенные темы семестра дополнительно проработаны перед устным зачетом. Студенты, не получившие зачет по контроль ной работе, не допускаются к зачету (или к экзамену) за соответствующий учебный семестр. На зачете/экзамене студент устно защищает контрольную работу. Помимо выполнения контрольной работы, к зачету/экзамену необходимо подготовиться по разделам 2 (Чтение) и 3 (Развитие навыков устной речи) за соответствующий семестр. Семестр КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1 Лексико-грамматический материал: правила чтения, имя существительное, именные конструкции, сравнительные конструкции, конструкции предложения It is / There is ( are) / Have ( has) got, местоимения, количественные определители, основные предлоги места и времени, формы глагола, времена зоны настоящего ( Present Simple, Present Continuous). Задание 1. Руководствуясь правилами чтения, прочитайте следующие слова: Fish, chip, mure, square, pea, sea, beach, spring, sort, fair, star, lung, die, bye, jam, jar, byre, job, tea, tree, beech, jest, germ, thin, freeze, this, these, that, those, foe, nor, pie, first, fern, dire, ceaze, lymph, furnish, tyrant, sturdy, student, care, cab, cup, fair, fact, fatal, mare, mat, note, rare, vat, hare, vacant, near, back, lake, beer, tyre, shore, neck, hoarse, yes, yet, agent, pure, back, during, bacon, third, yell, birch, typist, err, tax, sex, famous, short, final, cell, Lord, hurt, cent, ceiling, purse, prince, silent, work, as, has, pilot, worker, mate, her, fetch, fate, verb, tyrant, serve, bird, crutch, gent, gin, total, burn, perfect, badge, open, bridge, moment, mob, sell, shell, guide, due, varnish. Задание 2. а) Перепишите предложения во множественном числе. 1. This phenomenon is worth studying. 2. This is a rare sea species. 3. Put this datum in that column. 4. There was a strawberry in the photo. 5. The woman was sorting the mail. 6. This small blue flower is called a forget-me not. 7. A child’s foot is small. 8. A passer-by is walking hastily down the street. 9. Oil price has dropped dramatically. 10. This person doesn’t know the truth. б) Поставьте в пропуски глагол to be в правильной форме. 1. The news … to good to be true. 2. The police … already here. 3. The government … re-elected every four years. 4. The jury … discussing case 365. 5. The goods … from Italy. 6. The stairs… made of wood. 7. The headquarters of UNO … in Brussels. 8. In Britain, wages … paid for unqualified work. 9. The vertebra … broken. 10. Her family … dog-lovers. 11. All his advice … useless. 12. Her hair … rather long and wavy. Задание 3. Определите тип каждого словосочетания и переведите словосочетания: А ) на русский язык The seven natural wonders of the world, a feeling of relaxation, International Federation of Women's Travel Organizations, a sense of humour, a problem-free holiday, return customers, travel plans, household chemistry, taxi service in your area, travel insurance, a sport event, a mixture of clay and chemicals, the capital of Switzerland, the city style, large amounts of income, client’s tastes and needs, customer satisfaction. б) на английский язык: Колеса машины, круизный лайнер, цепь ресторанов, развитие торговли, главная улица города, плата (charge) за излишний багаж, билет на самолет, распределение продукции, различные виды услуг, вторая половина двадцатого века, пятидневные каникулы, продукты высочайшего качества, современные западные методы приготовления пищи, творческий подход и талант шеф-повара, блюда из морепродуктов, ворота ресторана, центр Москвы, второй этаж торгового центра. Задание 4. Переведите предложения, содержащие сравнительные конструкции: а) на русский язык 1. It is not as far as you think. 2. We need better trained staff. 3. The situation was getting worse and worse. 4. Of the two evils choose the less. 5. What could be more pleasant than swimming in the sea? 6. The most important question today is our students’ academic performance. 7. The farther from home the more we miss it. 8. Coca Cola has twice as many people on staff as Pepsi Cola company. 9. Learning English turned out to be much more difficult than we had expected. 10. Although her qualification is lower than mine, she got the job. б) на английский язык 1. Чем раньше, тем лучше. 2. Самая высокая зарплата в Америке в индустрии нефтедобычи. 3. Ты знаешь это лучше меня. 4. Обучение на инженерных специальностях дороже, чем на гуманитарных направлениях. 5. Это лучший подарок. 6. Погода сегодня гораздо хуже, чем вчера. 7. Сегодня не так холодно, как вчера. 8. Это займет в два раза больше времени. 9. Этот вопрос немного сложнее. 10. Подруга моей старшей сестры – старший бухгалтер. Задание 5. Конструкции It is / There is (are) / Have (has) got. Задание 6. Переведите словосочетания с местоимениями. а) на русский язык: ask him, their office, find it, behave yourselves, answer me, buy them, her daughter’s job, our garden, show us, his car, my studies, help her, explain yourself, make themselves, our dean’s office, send them, sell it, listen to me, give us, take mine, asked himself, your driver’s license, my credit book, its walls. б) на английский язык: скажите ему, подождите меня, посмотри на себя, дом моих родителей, спросите их, наш университет, их родной город, делаю сам, дайте нам, продайте свою машину, купите его, возьмите их, помогите его секретарю, помогите ему, переведите сами, его крыша, ее работа, извините нас, расскажите им. Задание 7. Количественные определители many / much, (a) few / (a) little, all, most, both, neither, none, no, (an)other Переведите словосочетания а) на русский язык: Little experience, both of them, a few minutes, no scientist, another question, much information, a little time, none of them, many people, neither of them, few good teachers, other data, most people, all my colleagues, the other hand, much work, other information, neither of the dictionaries, both of the phenomena, a little tired, most of the time, another reason. б) на английский язык: Немного обеспокоенный, оба глаза, еще одно задание, мало опыта, несколько критериев, ни один из нас, все виды животных и растений, много новостей, другое (второе) ухо, мало советов, с другой стороны, большинство наших студентов, мало вакансий, ни один человек, много традиций, все задания, ни один из (2) друзей, большинство стран, еще один час. Задание 8. Переведите словосочетания с основными предлогами времени и места а) на русский язык: At night, to work, in the street, after breakfast, in July, on the floor, on Monday, at university, in the room, in 2022, at that moment, at the lecture, in the garden, on the 1st of May, to the station, at the bus stop, into the bag, out of the room, in the kitchen, before the class, at 6 p.m., in the photo, in the XXth century, in August, on Christmas, in the afternoon, on the way home, from work, at home, in a few days. б) на английский язык: В четверг, в июле, на работе, на лекцию, после обсуждения, на картине, в два часа, через два часа, в то время, на стене, перед ужином, в поле, в 1998 году, в канун Нового Года, в кошелек, из кармана, на собрании, в университете, утром, на закате, из России. Задание 9. Переведите формы английского глагола а) на русский язык: to come, shown, discussing, goes, laid, makes, spoke, talking, ate, to be, had, known, bought, understand, saw, includes, situated, bring, separates, washing, caught, consists, played, found, to teach, written, reads, forgotten, spend, built, fights, to put, eating, went, leading. б) на английский язык играет, обсудили, кладет, найти, потерянный, ходим, обучающий, видит, понял, принесенный, знал, был, помытый, отделять, прочитал, забыла, ловят, понимать, показывает, увиденный, ушедший, иметь, были, съеденный, сделанный, состоящий, тратить, ставит, лидировать, включал в себя, беседуют, покупающий, принес, строит. Задание 10. Модальные глаголы с простым инфинитивом (Can/could/may/might/must/should/have to/be to/need to/be able to) а) вставьте в пропуски подходящий по смыслу модальный глагол: 1. Look at those clouds in the sky! It … rain. 2. She … read when she was five. 3. Students … always be in time for classes. 4. Home plants … be watered regularly. 5. The people of the Earth… be more careful with nature. 6. We … write a grammar test on Friday. 7. I won’t … to come, I’m afraid. Too much work to do for tonight. 8. Mom! Why no? Yesterday you said I … go, and today you say I … not! 9. This car … not be fixed. We will … buy a new one. 10. Hurry up! It’s already 7 o’clock. Dad … be already at home. He always comes at half past six. б) переведите на английский язык: 1. Он, должно быть, занят. 2. В четыре часа мне придется уйти. 3. Можете идти. 4. Сосед моего друга не умеет плавать. 5. Вам следует идти по левой стороне шоссе. 6. Вы должны беречь клиентскую базу вашей компании. 7. Я не смогу вам помочь. 8. Возможно, я вернусь поздно. 9. Я должен встретиться с делегатами конференции 22 января в 9 утра. 10. Я ничего не мог сделать для нее. Задание 11. Времена зоны настоящего ( Present Simple/ Present Continuous). а) Дополните предложения глаголами в правильной видо-временной форме: 1. Don’t come in now. The boss … (talk) on the phone. 2. Our company … (not / produce) medical equipment. 3. Your English is better now. You … (make) progress.4. Ms. Johnson … (teach) Math. 5. The Earth … (go) around the moon. 6. Dunkin often … (take) his father’s car. 7. We … (finish) the project. 8. Look! A star …(fall)! 9. The director’s assistant … (speak) 3 foreign languages. 10. A leather bag … (cost) a lot. 11. I … (not/know) how to do it. 12. I … (understand) that you … (not/speak) the truth. б) Переведите на английский язык: 1. Вы не туда идете. Вам нужно идти в обратном (opposite) направлении. 2. Осторожно! Ваза падает! 3. Они мне не верят. 4. Босс хочет чашечку кофе. 5. Нет, я не сплю. А что? 6. Сын моего соседа часто попадает в истории (get in trouble).7. Смотри! Кот ловит мышку! 8. Он не часто видится с отцом. 9 . Я тебя не понимаю. 10. Я бегу в магазин. 11. Он переводит текст. 12. Профессор читает лекции по истории Англии. Семестр КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2 Лексико-грамматический материал: словообразование, артикль, предлоги места и времени расширенно, предлоги, передающие падежные отношения,числительные, порядок построения вопроса, времена зоны будущего, времена зоны прошлого. Задание 1. Руководствуясь правилами чтения, прочитайте следующие слова: Age, knew, talk, autumn, us, requirement, wash, wait, turn, cyclist, since, architecture, science, whole, guess, frown, success, cucumber, develop, lecture, use, accident, although, popularity, air, severe, saw, complaint, admire, engaged, offered, try, furious, equipment, lion, foreign, hour, renewable, company, nationality, taught, guide, discussion, dawn, tie, even, sea, economic, found, electricity, murder, allow, during, pause, agency, earn, tight, obscure, guilty, mechanic, loudly, gym, fought, announce, qualify, knee, language, author, university, watch, ocean, island, earth, analyze, economy, accept, situation, atmosphere, weather, pure, chemistry, washable, realize, understood, wrong, answer, spy, also, ever, scientific, experience. Задание 2. Письменно распределите слова в четыре колонки: noun/ verb/ adjective/ adverb. Выделите суффиксы . Переведите слова на русский язык . Entertainment, classify, nearly, friendly, protection, hardly, creative; curious, variety, sorrowful, stainless, satisfy, competent; lovely, statement, darken; cultural; generation, acceptable, agreement, realize, fully, fragrant; judgment; painless; advisable; political; protection; inventive; debate; discussion; comparatively; obvious; brightness; important; thicken; politely; childish; pollution; harmful; width; courageous; timely; announcement; frighten; economical; drizzly. Задание 3. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если он нужен. 1. Do you like _____ dogs? 2. We met _____ businessman yesterday. 3. Did you like _____ movie I gave you? 4. It's easy to get _____ taxis downtown. 5. I love _____ book I'm reading right now. 6. I like _____ books. 7. Can you take this to _____ boss? 8. She has _____ easy job. 9 He had _____ good meal at that restaurant last week. 10. Her boyfriend is _____ nice guy. 11. He passes every exam. He's ____ intelligent guy. 12. ____ phone is ringing! Can you answer it? 13. When I was travelling in Mexico, I met ____ woman from Brazil. 14. He spends a lot of time playing ____ video games. 15. What's ____ time? 16. Did you watch ____ news last night on TV? 17. ____ alcohol isn't good for your health if you drink too much. 18. I've got ____ old car. 19. ____ fast food restaurants are really common here. 19. He has ____ great job. 20. What time do you go to ____ school? 21. Both cities are on ____ Pacific Ocean. 22. I have _____ few friends in the States. 23. It costs ____ hundred dollars. 24. It's ____ biggest mall in the city. 25. She's ____ lawyer I told you about.
Задание 4. Предлоги пространства и времени а) переведите словосочетания на русский язык Across the street, _last Sunday, in front of the house, in the South, over the head, during the lecture, for a week, by seven p.m., from morning till night, since last Friday, behind the wardrobe, _this year, opposite the church, between us, among his friends, under the ground, above the river, below zero, to the North, along the street, up the road, down the stream, through the fog, off the bike, get on the bus, get off the train, get in the car, get out of the car, get on the horse, get off the cycle, _next week. б) переведите словосочетания на английский язык К следующей неделе, выше нуля, под горой, в течение года, передо мной, в следующем семестре, через реку, по мосту, с 10.00 до 12.00, сквозь дым, во время концерта, на прошлой неделе, напротив нас, вниз по лестнице, к востоку, садиться на велосипед, ниже стандартного уровня, выходить из трамвая, за забором, между ним и тобой, вдоль горизонта, с утра, садиться в машину, вверх по стене, выходить из машины, на западе, среди людей, (смотреть) в окно, в следующую субботу, сойти с лошади, садиться в поезд, (упасть) со стола Задание 5. Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения ( of, to, by, with) а) переведите словосочетания на русский язык: To work with a screwdriver, a book of poems, to explain to the students, the rule explained by the teacher, pay by credit card, saw with my own eyes, to go by bus, the ground covered with snow, to write a letter to a friend, to cut with a knife, the hit of the year, a monument to Pushkin. б) переведите словосочетания на английский язык: Сделал собственными руками, объяснить ее брату, отправить почтой, загрузить грузовик мебелью, ворот рубашки, жить охотой, подойти к мосту, берега Темзы, передвигаться скачками, памятник Салавату Юлаеву, есть вилкой. Задание 6. Напишите словами по-английски: 1. 245; 533; 816.
Задание 7. Порядок построения вопросительного предложения. а) Задайте общий вопрос и вопрос к почеркнутому слову: 1. Jane teaches Math. 2. I knew the truth. 3. Maria studied abroad. 4. The radio was invented in 1895. 5. Michael has passed all the exams well. 6. They write tests every two weeks. 7. The children are at home. 8. I am going to the bank. 9. There was a bill in the envelope. 10. The ostrich has got 2 legs. б) Допишите разделительный вопрос: 1. She is your friend,…? 2. You haven’t got a dog, …? 3. Everybody is looking for him, …? 5. Your sister reads a lot, …? 6. You studied in Moscow, …? 7. Ann can’t come,…? 8. Let’s call it a day, …? 9. You want to become a good specialist, …? 10. Old granny Hanna never went to university, …? Задание 8. Времена зоны будущего (Future Simple, Present Continuous, be going to do, Present simple) а) Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму: 1 A: Your house is very small. 2 A: I have got a new job! 3 A: How old is your daughter? 4. A: What time are you leaving? B: The train …(depart) at 6.30 a.m. 5. A: You …(go) to the fair? B: Yes, but I …(not/buy) anything. 6 A: You … (have) a party next weekend? 7 A: What are your plans for tonight? 8 A: I must buy some bread. 9 A: I've left my jacket at home. 10 A: Have you booked a taxi to take you to the airport?
б) Переведите на английский язык: 1. Я не собираюсь с вами спорить. 2. Если я не успею на автобус, я опоздаю на работу. 3. Я вечером провожаю Анну в аэропорт. 4. Ты не одолжишь мне ноутбук? 5. Когда шеф возвращается из Италии? – Точно не знаю. Думаю, он приедет в конце следующей недели. 6. Возможно, я буду свободен в пять. 7. Я буду в вашем распоряжении (at your disposal) через пять минут. 8. Я спрошу его об этом, если увижу сегодня. 9. Распечатать этот документ? 10. В четверг я еду на конференцию в Москву.
Задание 9.Времена зоны прошлого ( Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect)
а) Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму: 1. They (learn) all the new words. 2. When I arrived at the restaurant, Victoria (already/ order) a glass of water. 3. They needn't worry about the test. 4. I (think) of it just when you (open) your mouth. 5. Three people (visit) him in hospital last Friday. 6. Martin (cycle) for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago. 7. He noticed that Peter (not/ paint) the old chair. 8. We (never/ try) chicken Tandoori before. 9. (you/ find) a job yet? 10. She (take) out her pen and (start) writing. 11. Emily and Molly (know) each other for more than 10 years now. 12. First he (listen) to the announcement, then he (go) to a café for a drink. 13. Before Emma laid the table, she (have) a talk with her mother. 14. When she (have a bath), the child (begin) to cry. 15. She (be) late four times this week. 16. What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin (bake) a yummy cake. 16. The Titanic (hit) an iceberg in 1912 and (sink) within three hours. 17. She asked me if I (learn) the new words. б ) Переведите на английский язык : 1. Разве ты еще не видел этот фильм? 2. Мы не знали, что делать дальше, и поэтому решили подождать. 3. Когда преподаватель диктовал последнее предложение, дверь открылась, и вошел директор. 4. Я потеряла перчатки. Ты их видел где-нибудь? – Нет, а когда ты в последний раз их надевала? 5. Когда мы пришли, все еще смотрели телевизор. 6. Почему ты до сих пор не перевел статью? 7. Дождь начался два часа назад. 8. Когда мы приехали в аэропорт, самолет уже взлетел. 9. Разве вы не были в Италии? – К сожалению, нет. Но я был в Испании прошлой зимой. 10. Вчера мы встретили Дэна. Он нес большую коробку. Семестр КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3 Лексико-грамматический материал: словообразование, глаголы и прилагательные с фиксированными предлогами, страдательный залог, употребление модальных глаголов со сложными формами инфинитива Задание 1. Руководствуясь правилами чтения, прочитайте следующие слова: Successfully, foreign, unfortunately, sincerely, proficiency, constitution, spread, language, support, private, culture, survive, further, fought, Australia, arrive, almost, thousand, suffer, discover, knee, wound, threat, wheat, sugar, island, rare, giant, marine, turtle, resources, undeniable, outline, entertainment, cartoon, character, generate, producer, production, industry, called, huge, technology, intelligent, education, include, public, official, quality, associate, unattractive. Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пропуски подходящие по смыслу однокоренные слова, образованные из слов, данных в скобках. 1. He was sitting __ in his seat on the train. (comfort) 2. He was acting in a very __ way. (child) 3. This word is very difficult to spell, and even worse, it's __. (pronounce) 4. He's lost his book again. I don't know where he has __ it this time. (place) 5. You shouldn't have done that! It was very __ of you. (think) 6. He didn't pass his exam. He was __ for the second time. (succeed) 7. Some of the shanty towns are dreadfully __ . (crowd) 8. The team that he supported were able to win the__ . (champion) 9. There is a very high __ that they will be late. (likely) 10. I couldn't find any ___ in his theory. (weak) 11. He wants to be a ___ when he grows up. (mathematics) 12. You need to be a highly trained __ to understand this report. (economy) 13. She arrived late at work because she had___ . (sleep) 14. The road was too narrow, so they had to ___ it. (wide) 15. They had to __ the lion before they could catch it. (tranquil) 16. He needed to __ the temperature. (regular) 17. I think that you should ___. It may not be the best thing to do. (consider) 18. There was a three-hour __ because of the strike. (stop) 19. You need a ___of motivation, organization and revision to learn English. (combine) 20. I try not to go to the supermarket at 5pm because it's __. (practice) Задание 3. Прилагательные с фиксированными предлогами. Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски предлогами. Для выполнения упражнения вам потребуется словарь. 1. Venice is famous ......... its canals. 2. My son is afraid ......... the dark. 3. Maria is married ......... my cousin. 4. The second hotel was different ......... the first. 5. Lucas is very good ......... drawing. 6. I'm tired ......... waiting for the bus. Let's take a taxi. 7. George was worried ......... his father's health. 8. I didn't know you were interested ......... science. 9. Why are you angry ......... him? 10. We were very pleased ......... the service. 11. He is responsible … preparing handouts. 12. He said he was sorry … keeping me waiting. 13. If you are serious … going ahead with this, let's have a meeting. 14. The Mini-TV is very popular … our younger customers. 15. South Africa is rich … natural resources like diamonds and gold. 16. He has very little experience. I don't think he would be capable… running such a large project. 17. I am very proud …my younger sister. 18. I'm not sure if he is aware … all the facts. 19. The students are bored … these exercises. 20. Betty is very friendly … Bob. Задание 4. Глаголы с фиксированными предлогами. Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски предлогами (если это необходимо). Для выполнения упражнения вам потребуется словарь.
1. I can't find my wallet. Can you help me look … it? 2. Joanna prefers classical music… pop. 3. We're hoping to have a barbecue tomorrow. It depends … the weather. 4. If you're going to be late, phone … me. 5. Tim explained … the film crew what they had to do. 6. Annie applied … the BBC … a job as a radio presenter. 8. When I saw Derek, I congratulated … him … his promotion. 9. Helen is a lawyer. She specializes… environmental law. 10. Terence is going to ask … his boss … a pay rise. 11. You should apologize … your behaviour. 12. The journalist asked … the actor … his latest role. 13. What time do you normally leave … the office in the evening? 14. This song reminds me … last summer. 15. At the summit the politicians discussed … globalization. 16. Melanie just can't stop talking … her new car! 17. How much money do you spend … cigarettes every month? 18. The teacher split the class … four groups. 19. Could you look … our dogs while we're away? 20. Why aren’t you listening … me?
Задание 5. Страдательный залог. а) Образуйте формы страдательного залога от следующих видо-временных форм глаголов: to write, will help, should bring, is looking for, has bought, can wash, was reading, ate, were listening, have told, must wear, had got, could do, will have finished, to have made, may close.
б) Перепишите предложения в страдательном залоге. 1. They speak English and French at this hotel.
Задание 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в правильной видо-временной форме в действительном или страдательном залоге.
1. That door … (paint) yesterday. 2. Michelangelo … (paint) the Sistine Chapel. 3. Michael Schumacher … (drive) for Ferrari in 2003. 4. In the UK, everyone … (drive) on the left. 5. Inter-city trains … (usually/drive) by men. 6. The 'La Stampa' newspaper … (read) by two million people in Italy. 7. My car… (steal)! Call the police! 8. The thieves … (steal) the gold last week. 9. The Queen … (open) the bridge tomorrow. 10. The bridge … (destroy) by the storm last night. 11. I … (learn) Japanese when I was in Tokyo. 12. I … (teach) by an old Japanese man. 13. This letter should…(type), not handwritten! 14. The new secretary … (type) at 100 wpm.
Задание 7. Модальные глаголы со сложными формами инфинитива. а) Подчеркните модальный глагол с инфинитивом и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. They can’t have arrived so early. 2. She must have forgotten about it. 3. Ann may be sleeping. 4. This document shouldn’t have been wiped out. 5. Bears shouldn’t be fed or they will ask for food from other tourists. 6. We could have taken a taxi but finally decided on the tube. 7. You might have e-mailed me at least! 8. You needn’t have translated my words, he understands English. 9. The criminal may have been able to get in touch with his accomplices. 10. The guests must be already getting round. б) Образуйте нужную форму инфинитива глагола, указанного в скобках, и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. The computer isn’t working. It must…(damage) during production. 2. That man may …(notice) the bank robbers’ getaway car. 3. Someone must … (break) the window and climbed in. 4. I’m not really sure where Beverly is. She may … (sit) in the living room, or perhaps she’s in the backyard. 5. Claire was very upset you didn’t go to her birthday party. You might … (go). 6. I can hear Al’s voice from the next room. He must …(talk) on telephone. 7. You shouldn’t … (shout) at Samantha. She will never forgive you! 8. You needn’t … (do) the washing up. I was going to put everything in the dishwasher. 9. And as for her weight, it shouldn’t … (mention), of course. 10. English grammar can’t … (study) in a few days.
в) Переведите на английский язык.
1. Свет выключен. Должно быть, все легли спать. 2. Тебе необязательно было делать это сегодня. 3. Возможно, ему удалось исправить положение. 4. Все гостиницы переполнены. Нам следовало забронировать номер заранее. 5. Этот молоко, должно быть, хранили в холодильнике больше недели. 6. Возможно, Энн уже ждет нас на вокзале. 7. Не может быть, что картину украли. 8. Полицию следовало вызвать немедленно. Семестр КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4 Лексико-грамматический материал : словообразование, фразовые глаголы, сослагательное наклонение, неличные формы глагола Задание 1. Отработайте чтение следующих слов. Design, urgent, technology, applied, purpose, encourage, creativity, component, opportunity, various, particular, circumstance, authentic, include, almost, accuracy, fairly, guideline, discussed, advisable, vocabulary, contribute, course, wholesale, resource, invaluable, entirely, verify, human, anxious, luxury, luxurious, ultimate, artificial, determine, develop, spontaneous, posture, casual, stylish, instant, community, revenue, initiative, liability, retail, supplier, casual.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пропуски подходящие по смыслу однокоренные слова, образованные из слов, данных в скобках. Переведите предложения . 1. It isn't very …that Paula is at home, is it? She usually works at this time. (like) 2. Megan was told by her dietician that she was becoming …thin and should eat more. (danger) 3. … is the spice of life, says the proverb and everyone should try and do new things and meet new people to avoid becoming bored. (vary) 4. Harry had a difficult …and was brought up by an aunt and uncle living in the country. (child) 5. The whole dispute began after a small …over the money needed to finance the new company. (agree) 6. The introduction of insecticides in the 20th Century …agriculture across the world. (revolution) 7. All the coastal towns in this area are …by strong tradition of dance and there is a festival of dance that takes place every August. (character) 8. My company has spent a lot of money building a new, … factory which will nearly double production. (computer) 9. I was just trying to be …towards him and he accused me of wanting his money! (friend) 10. The south-west of England, for example Devon and Cornwall, is known as the …part of the United Kingdom. (sun) 11. What you may think is …is really just over-enthusiasm. He would never harm anyone. (hostile) 12. Anyone being rude and …to our staff will be asked to leave the premises immediately. (abuse) 13. Men have more of a …to put weight on around the waist and stomach areas and this is something they should be aware of. (tend) 14. Three weeks after winning the lottery, Daniel Perkins had the …to lose a court case in which he was being sued for nearly $2million. 15. The pharmaceutical company's …have discovered a better way of combining medicines to create a flu remedy. (search) 16. The stock market has risen …in the last six months and now is a good time to invest. (consider) 17. Herbert has been a(n) …member of this company's staff. I don't know what I would do without him!(dispense) 18. The food at the restaurant was simply delicious. I just didn't think there was enough … . (vary) 19. Even though the actors did quite a poor job of bringing the book to the stage, the …was of the highest quality. (produce) 20. Even though he is only 17, he is a very …tennis player who could have a big future in the game.(promise)
Задание 3. Фразовые глаголы. а) переведите следующие фразовые глаголы с помощью словаря: come on, speak up, give up, look after, fall behind, turn on, switch off, figure out, put up with, fall out, put on, take off, go on, make up, let down, work out, come in, go out, take on, catch up, look forward to, make up with, be in, take down, look for, come across, watch out. б) переведите предложения, содержащие фразовые глаголы, на русский язык 1. She never gave up hope that he would get well. 2. I could not do without my cell phone. 3. I had trouble getting through to you because my phone had bad reception. 4. What time did you get up this morning? 5. He gave up smoking. 6. He let us down when he didn't do as he said he would. 7. She has always looked up to her older sister. 8. It was hard to make out the words on the old memorial stone. 9. He tends to put off paying his taxes. 10. The firemen put out the fire. 11. His daughter takes after him in business sense. 12. The airplane took off on time. в) вставьте в пропуски необходимые предлоги и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. I don't know where my book is. I must look …it. 2. Fill … the form, please. 3. The music is too loud. Could you turn … the volume, please? 4. Quick, get … the bus or you'll have to walk home. 5. Turn … the lights when you go to bed. 6. Do you mind if I switch … the TV? I'd like to watch the news. 7. The dinner was ruined. I had to throw it …. 8. When you enter the house, take … your shoes and put …your slippers. 9. If you don't know this word, you can look it …in a dictionary. 10. They looked … him when his parents couldn't. 11. Watch … or you might get hurt. 12. We had been quarreling for two years, but we made …last night. Задание 4. Определите тип условного предложения и переведите предложения А ) на русский язык 1. If you go out with your friends tonight, I will watch the football match on TV. 2. If you had switched on the lights, you wouldn’t have fallen over the chair. 3. If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle. 4. If Nancy gets good marks,her dad will buy a new computer for her. 5. If my mother wasn’t tired,she would make a cake. 6. If she hadn't gone to England, she wouldn’t have met Orlando Bloom. 7. If I hadn’t arrived at the airport so late, I would not have missed my flight. 8. If you buy one t-shirt, you will get the second one free. 9. If I were you, I would apologize to her right away. 10. If you had saved some money earlier, you wouldn’t have been broke right now. б) на английский язык 1. На твоем месте я бы не стал ей помогать. 2. Я бы сейчас сходила с вами в кино, если бы так сильно не устала. 3. Если ты потеряешь работу, новую будет найти трудно. 4. Я бы ушел, если бы она не попросила меня остаться. 5. Если ты сегодня вечером придешь, я приготовлю что-нибудь вкусненькое. 6. На его месте я бы отказалась от этой работы. 7. Если он узнает правду, он никогда не простит меня. 8. Наш кот укусит тебя, если ты почешешь ему живот. 9. Я бы никогда не сказал тебе этого, если бы не думал, что это очень важно. 10. У меня нет ручки, но если бы была, я бы конечно, дала ее вам.
Задание 5. Переведите предложения с ‘ I wish ” а ) на русский язык : 1. I wish I were a child again. 2. I wish you would do something instead of just sitting and whining. 3. I wish they had come. 4. I wish I had chosen another profession when he was twenty. 5. I wish she would visit more often. 6. I wish I knew her telephone number. 8. I wish you didn’t have to go so soon. 9. I wish I hadn’t said it. 10. I wish I had studied harder at school.
б) на английский язык: 1. Жаль, что у меня нет машины. 2. Жаль, что ты отказался от этой работы. 3. Хотелось бы, чтобы ты приходил домой пораньше. 4. Жаль, что ты не сказал правду. 5. Жаль, что у нее так мало терпения. 6. Хотелось бы, чтобы люди ели более здоровую пищу. 7. Жаль, что я забыл ему позвонить. 8. Жаль, что у нас так мало времени. 9. Жаль, что ты провалил экзамен. 10. Жаль, что ты не спросил об этом.
Задание 6. Определите тип конструкции ( Complex Subject или Complex Object ) и переведите предложения а ) на русский язык : 1. She is known to live in France. 2. Miss Bright believed Brown to have stolen the money. 3. Do you often have your car repaired? 4. The tickets were supposed to be sold in the afternoon. 5. We noticed the woman enter the house through the back door. 6. She is likely to succeed. 7. I saw you dancing in the gym. 8. The bag is not likely to have been stolen. 9. The inspector would like you to explain everything to him. 10. Hot weather makes me feel bad. 11. He seems to be sleeping. 12. Parents usually expect their children to be obedient. 13. He has had a bad tooth pulled out. 14. They expected him to be caught by the police. 15.I saw her running along the road. 16. Father made me show my school report. 17. You are certain to win. 18. Let them go. 19. He is said to have been killed by robbers. 20. Don’t let the girl go to the wood alone. б) на английский язык: 1. Я хочу, чтобы моя бабушка сводила меня в цирк. 2. Говорят, что он знает 5 иностранных языков. 3. Не позволяйте детям поздно ложиться спать. 4. Похоже, она нас не понимает. 5. Я не слышал, как она это сказала, потому что она говорила тихо. 6. Я слышу, что кто-то плачет. 7. Маловероятно, что пойдет дождь. 8. Я хочу, чтобы вы написали тест. 9. Я не ожидал, что ты так быстро закончишь отчет. 10. Ожидается, что цены на нефть упадут. 11. Не заставляй ее лгать. 12. Говорят, что он не сдал экзамен.
Задание 7. Перепишите предложения, используя правильную форму глагола (инфинитив или герундий) и переведите их на русский язык: 1. Dan enjoys __ (read) science fiction. 2. Cheryl suggested __ (see) a movie after work. 3. I miss__(work) in the travel industry. Maybe I can get my old job back. 4. Where did you learn _ (speak) Spanish? Was it in Spain or in Latin America? 5. Do you mind __ (help) me translate this letter? 6. He asked __ (talk) to the store manager. 7. You've never mentioned ___ (live) in Japan before. How long did you live there? 8. If he keeps __ (come) to work late, he's going to get fired! 9. Debbie plans __ (study) abroad next year. 10. I agreed ___ (help) Jack wash his car. 11. I hope ___ (graduate) from college next June. 12. Models practiced __ (walk) with a book balanced on their heads. 13. Mandy has promised __ (take) care of our dog while we are on vacation. 14. Mr. Edwards chose ____ (accept) the management position in Chicago rather than the position in Miami. 15. I don't know what she wants __ (do) tonight. 16. Frank offered __ (help) us paint the house. 17. Sandra decided __ (study) economics in London. 18. Witnesses reported __ (see) the bank robber as he was climbing out of the second-story window. 19. Stephanie dislikes ___ (work) in front of a computer all day. 20. Mrs. Naidoo appears __ (be) the most qualified person for the job.
Задание 8. Переведите предложения на английский язык. При переводе используйте инфинитив или герундий. 1. Джон любит плавать. 2. Дождь прекратился пару часов назад. 3. Мы остановились, чтобы перекусить. 4. Я решил поступить в магистратуру. 5. Древние племена жили охотой. 6. Ребята предложили сходить в кино. 7. Хозяйка предложила сделать нам кофе. 8. Дэн отказался разговаривать со мной о его брате. 9. Он почему-то отрицает, что мы знакомы. 10. Я боюсь идти через мост. Кажется, он опасный. 11. Я устала мыть посуду каждый вечер. 12. Мы хотим немного поболтать.
РАЗДЕЛ 2. ЧТЕНИЕ СЕМЕСТР Text 1.GreatBritain The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated off the Northwest coast of Europe. The UK consists of four parts. They are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK lies on the British Isles. There are some 5.5000 islands. The two main islands are: Great Britain and Ireland. They are separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The west coast of the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea. The area of the UK is some 244,100 km2. Its population is over 57 million people. English is the official language, but it is not the only language which people speak in the country. Britain has been many centuries in the making. The Romans conquered most part of Britain, but were unable to subdue the independent tribes in the West and in the North. Other invaders were Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings and Normans. For many centuries this country was known simply as England. It had a strong army and navy. It waged numerous colonial wars. In the modern world England was the first country, where capitalism was established. Geographically Great Britain is divided into Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises Southern and Eastern England. Highland Britain includes Scotland, Wales, the Pennines and the Lake District. The highest mountain -- Ben Nevis -- is in Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe. The country is not very rich in natural resources. There are many rivers in Great Britain. The Severn is the longest river, the Thames is the most important one. London is the capital of the UK. It was founded by the Romans. The population of London is over 8 million people. The largest cities of Great Britain besides London are: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The powers of the British Queen are limited by Parliament. The British Parliament consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has always played an important role in world politics. Text 2. London London was founded in the first century AD by the Romans. They left London in the 5th century and the city was largely abandoned. By the 8th century London was again a busy trading centre, and in the 11th century it became the capital of England. Edward the Confessor built a palace and an abbey at Westminster. The Norman period saw the construction of the Tower, old St.Paul's Cathedral and many churches and monasteries. Medieval London grew in importance as a trading centre and in 1215 its citizens won the right to elect their own leader, or Lord of Mayor. London began to spread beyond the city walls during the Tudor and Stuart periods. The Great Fire of 1666 destroyed three-quarters of the city. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt St.Paul's Cathedral and designed 51 churches. The rebuilding of London followed the medieval street plan, but the old wooden houses were replaced by buildings of brick to reduce the future fire risk. During the 19th century London spread rapidly into the suburbs. As a result of it new forms of transport were developed, including the underground railway system. Britain was then at the height of her Imperial Powers and this is expressed in such buildings as the Houses of Parliament and St. Pancras Station. Large areas of London were destroyed by bombs during World War II and the rebuilding that followed was of mixed quality. Today in its full extent greater London covers 625 square miles and consists of 33 separate boroughs, including the City, the West End, the East End and houses 7 million people. The City extends over an area of about 2,6 square kilometers in the heart of London. About half a million people work there, but less than 6000 live there. It is the financial centre of the UK with many banks, offices and the Stock Exchange. All the historical places and famous parks are in the West End. The West End, spreading from the political centre at Westminster includes the shopping area of Knightsbridge, Oxford Street, Piccadilly Circus and the fashionable Covent Garden: it hosts museums and galleries, among them are the Tate Gallery, the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery and the British Museum. In the West End there are Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace. The best known streets are: Whitehall with important Government offices, Downing Street, the residence of the Prime Minister and Fleet Street which stands for the press. The name `West End' is associated with wealth, luxury and goods of high quality. The port of London is in the east End. It is an area of dock, unattractive in appearance, but very important in the country's commerce. СЕМЕСТР Education Text 1. Work and Play A day at school with Alice Alice goes to Kingsland Secondary School in Bristol, England. This is a typical Tuesday... 'Our class teacher, Mrs Ghani, does the register at 9 o'clock. She's also our Maths teacher. She's nice, but she often gets angry about stupid little things, like uniform. 'Assembly is in the school hall. The head teacher, Mr Barry Simmons, talks to the whole school. He is sometimes very funny. We call him 'Big Barry'. And 'Mr. Simmons' of course, when we speak to him! Tuesday is a good day. We have my two favourite subjects - Music and Art. The first period is music. Most of the class do singing in the hall, but I am in the band. So I play electric guitar in a special music studio. We play really loudly - it's great! 'Period 2 is Maths. I was good at Maths last year, but this year it's very difficult, and Mrs Ghani is impatient. 'After break we have two periods of English. The first half hour is boring - we always do spelling and punctuation (my spelling is terrible!). But then we do literature. At the moment we're doing Shakespeare's The Tempest - it's very interesting. 'From 2 o'clock to 3.30, we have Art. I love drawing and painting, and I'm the best in the class (I think!). The teacher, Miss Terry, is excellent. She wears beautiful colours - completely different from the other teachers!' Text 3. American Schooling The American system of education differs somewhat from the systems of other countries. It has certain peculiarities of its own which are closely connected with the specific conditions of life in the New World and the history of American society. There are free, state-supported, public schools Under the United States Constitution the federal government has no power to make laws in the field of education. Thus, education remains primarily a function of the states. Each state has a Board of Education Education is compulsory for every child from the age of 6 up to the age of 16 except in Maine, New Mexico, North Dakota and Pennsylvania where it is compulsory to the age of 17 and in Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma and Utah where children must go to school until the age of 18. Elementary (primary) and secondary (high) schools are organized on one of two bases: eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school, or six years of elementary, three years of junior high school Elementary school children in the US learn much the same things as do children of the same age in other countries. The program of studies includes English (reading, writing, spelling The junior high school is a sort of halfway between elementary and secondary school. It continues some elementary school subjects, but it also introduces courses in mathematics and science, and usually gives students their first chance to study a foreign language. It usually comprises grades seven, eight and nine, although sometimes it is only grades seven and eight. The high school prepares young people either for work immediately after graduation or for more advanced study in a college or university. Although there are some technical, vocational and specialized high schools in the United States the typical high school is comprehensive in nature. The subjects studied in elementary school are dealt with in greater detail and in more advanced form in high school. In addition one can specialize in home economics, chemistry and physics, music, humanities, automobile mechanics, etc. High school students study 4-5 major subjects a year and classes in each of them meet for an hour a day, five days a week. The United States have the shortest school year in the world, an average of 180 days. An important part of high school life is what is called extracurricular activities. The student is free to join a chorus, band or school orchestra; enter the debating team, or participate in sports of all kinds as well as a variety of social activities. The fundamental task the US faces today is the modernization of the entire school system. It is not only to provide more and better schools, but also to re-examine the contents of the education and to bring it into line with modern requirements.
grade -- класс (в школе) By Tamara Henry USA TODAY Talented and gifted students in the USA aren't challenged, are bored and are often ill-prepared for the workforce, says an Education Department report out today. Students lag behind those in other countries while the United States is ``squandering one of its most precious resources'', the report says. The department's Pat O'Connell Ross told the National Association for Gifted Children conference in Atlanta Thursday that educators tend to focus most of their attention on the needs of average students or slow learners. Little is done to accommodate the needs of gifted children, she said. Talented and gifted children typically excel in math, writing, dance, history, athletics or any other intellectual or artistic endeavors that are complex, difficult and novel. In 1990 38 states served more than 2 million gifted students at all levels. The USA has an ``ambivalence toward intellectual accomplishment'', Ross says. ``We have names for kids that we think are too smart'' -- nerd or dweeb. Fred Brown, principal of Boyer-town Elementary School in Pennsylvania, says gifted children often aren't seen as having special needs. Also Brown says, ``there is a problem with limited funds'', with gifted programs often getting ``leftovers''. Compared with top students in other countries, the report shows the USA's brightest students are undistinguished at best and poor at worst. -- U.S. seniors taking Advanced Placement courses in science were last in biology compared with top students in 13 other countries: 11th out of 13 in chemistry and ninth out of 13 in physics. -- In math, the top 1% of U.S. students ranked 13th out of 13 in algebra and 12th of 13 geometry and calculus. When comparing U.S. and Japanese high school seniors enrolled in college preparatory math classes, Japanese students at the 50th percentile scored slightly higher than the top fifth of U.S. students.
СЕМЕСТР People And Places BEFORE COLUMBUS When Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he thought he had landed in the East Indies in Asia, so he called the people there 'Indians'. In fact, they were Native Americans, who had arrived in the Americas over 40.000 years before him. At that time, Native Americans lived all over North America. Many of them lived in small groups of about 20-50 people. Most of them were very peaceful people, who lived by hunting and collecting food. Other Native Americans lived in small villages where they had farms. The Native Americans were the first people to cultivate many of the plants that we now eat: potatoes, beans, maize, tomatoes, pineapples, cacao and many more. There were thousands of different languages and tribes, each with its own culture. THE ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPEANS When the Europeans arrived, they tried to take land away from the Native Americans and there were many wars. Millions of Native Americans also died from the diseases that the Europeans brought with them. As the Europeans took control over the eastern part of North America, the Native Americans had to move to the west in order to survive. After the United States became independent, white Americans moved further west into the lands where Native Americans lived, and there were many battles - as we can see in the 'cowboys and Indians' films. Then, starting in 1830, the US Government forced the Native Americans to move even further west into 'reservations'. The Native Americans fought against this, and for many years there were wars against the white Americans, ending with the massacre of Sioux men, women and children at Wounded Knee in 1890. СЕМЕСТР
People And Science Text 1. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) Thomas Alva Edison first went to school at the age of eight and a half. But after only three months his teacher called him 'stupid', and he came home crying. From then on, his mother taught him at home, and he read science books by himself. At the age of twelve he had a job selling newspapers. He made money in a clever but simple way. He checked the news stories first. When the news was interesting, he took a lot of papers; when it was boring, he took only a few. He got a job sending telegraph messages. Then he started inventing things. He saw ways to make the telegraph system quicker. Later he made a better microphone for Bell's invention, the telephone. In 1877 he made a 'phonograph' - the first ever sound recorder. The following year he invented the light bulb. In 1889 he made a 'kinetoscope' - a moving picture machine. He also made films for his new machine. In 1903 he made The Great Train Robbery, at that time the world's longest film. (It was ten minutes long!) After more than one thousand inventions, Edison died at the age of eighty-four. In his honour, they switched off the lights all over America. Text 1. Economics Economics (from the Greek "household management") is a social science that studies the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. Economics, which focuses on measurable variables, is broadly divided into two main branches: microeconomics, which deals with individual agents, such as households and businesses, and macroeconomics, which considers the economy as a whole, in which case it considers aggregate supply and demand for money, capital and commodities. Aspects receiving particular attention in economics are resource allocation, production, distribution, trade, and competition. Economic logic is increasingly applied to any problem that involves choice under scarcity or determining economic value. Mainstream economics focuses on how prices reflect supply and demand, and uses equations to predict consequences of decisions. The fundamental assumption underlying traditional economic theory is the utility-maximizing rule.
Text 2. Tax A tax is a compulsory charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (e.g., tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements). Taxes could also be imposed by a subnational entity. Taxes may be paid in cash or in kind or as corvee labor. In modern capitalist taxation systems, taxes are designed to encourage the most efficient circulation of goods and services and are levied in cash. In kind and corvee taxation are characteristic of traditional or pre-capitalist states and their functional equivalents. The means of taxation, and the uses to which the funds raised through taxation should be put, are a matter of hot dispute in politics and economics, so discussions of taxation are frequently tendentious. Public finance is the field of political science and economics that deals with taxation. HISTORY OF TAXATION Political authority has been used to raise capital throughout history. In many pre-monetary societies, such as the Incan empire, taxes were owed in labor. Taxation in labor was the basis of the Feudal system in medieval Europe. In more sophisticated economies such as the Roman Empire, tax farming developed, as the central powers could not practically enforce their tax policy across a wide realm. The tax farmers were obligated to raise large sums for the government, but were allowed to keep whatever else they raised. Many Christians have understood the New Testament to support the payment of taxes, through Jesus's words "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's". There were certain times in the Middle Ages where the governments did not explicitly tax, since they were self-supporting, owning their own land and creating their own products. The appearance of doing without taxes was however illusory, since the government's (usually the Crown's) independent income sources depended on labor enforced under the feudal system, which is a tax exacted in kind. Many taxes were originally introduced to fund wars and are still in place today, such as those raised by the American government during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Income tax was first introduced into Britain in 1798 to pay for weapons and equipment in preparation for the Napoleonic wars and into Canada in 1917 as a "temporary" tax under the Income War Tax Act to cover government expenses resulting from World War I. The current income tax in America was set up by Theodore Roosevelt in 1913. It was called The Federal Income Tax and was deducted from incomes at rates varying from 1-7%. But, since then, the American Tax Code has been modified and new taxes have been added, especially over the World War I and II periods. Since World War II, the American Tax Code has increased in size four-fold.
Opponents of capitalism often protest that private owners of capital do not remunerate laborers the full value of their production but keep a portion as profit, claiming this to be exploitative. However, defenders of capitalism argue that when a worker is paid the wage for which he agreed to work, there is no exploitation, especially in a free market where no one else is making an offer more desirable to the worker; that "the full value of a worker's production" is based on his work, not on how much profit is created, something that depends almost entirely on factors that are independent of the worker's performance; that profit is a critical measure of how much value is created by the production process; that the private owners are the ones who should decide how much of the profit is to be used to increase the compensation of the workers (which they often do, as bonuses); and that profit provides the capital for further growth and innovation.
Text 4. Plastic Money Plastic money is the name given to all types of plastic money, which are used in place of cash. There are different names for these cards but in general they have two main purposes: to enable people to obtain cash; or to make payments without using cash or cheques. Banks now make available to their customers a single card which does three things: it guarantees cheques; it obtains cash from automatic machines, and it pays for goods. The fourth use of the plastic card is to give customers credit when they purchase goods or services. Credit cards are issued by credit card companies such as Access, MasterCard, Visa, American Express. Some others are owned by banks. There are debit cards and credit cards. The latest development of the plastic money is the Smart Card. Cash dispenser, automatic teller machine, are some of the names given to machines from which customers can withdraw money from their bank accounts, using their cash cards. They can do this at any branch of their bank and the branches of other banks that are linked to their bank. With the cash card, customers also receive a PIN or a personal identification number which they should memorize. When using the dispenser, customers insert their card and key the PIN number in it. By following a clear set of instructions which appear on video screen, they can withdraw cash up to a certain limit, check the balance of their account or deposit money. Text 1.Tourism Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes". Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2011, there were over 983 million international tourist arrivals worldwide, representing a growth of 4.6% when compared to 940 million in 2010. International tourism receipts (the travel item of the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (?740 billion) in 2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. In 2011, international travel demand continued to recover from the losses resulting from the late 2000s recession, where tourism suffered a strong slowdown from the second half of 2008 through the end of 2009. After a 5% increase in the first half of 2008, growth in international tourist arrivals moved into negative territory in the second half of 2008, and ended up only 2% for the year, compared to a 7% increase in 2007. The negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries due to the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide decline of 4.2% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and a 5.7% decline in international tourism receipts. Tourism is important, and in some cases, vital for many countries. It was recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 as "an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations." Tourism brings in large amounts of income in payment for goods and services available, accounting for 30% of the world's exports of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. It also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy, associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships, and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues, and theatres. Text 2. Recent developments There has been an up-trend in tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common. Tourists have a wide range of budgets and tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have developed to cater for them. For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations, while others want more specialized holidays, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels. The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. On 28 April 2009 The Guardian noted that "the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time." There have also been changes in lifestyle, for example some retirement-age people sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourist services. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse. There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the September 11 attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations, such as in Bali and several European cities. Also, on 26 December 2004, a tsunami, caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, hit the Asian countries on the Indian Ocean, including the Maldives. Thousands of lives were lost including many tourists. This, together with the vast clean-up operations, stopped or severely hampered tourism in the area for a time. The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists. Text 3.Sustainable tourism "Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems." (World Tourism Organization) Sustainable development implies "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) Sustainable tourism can be seen as having regard to ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacities and includes involving the community of the destination in tourism development planning. It also involves integrating tourism to match current economic and growth policies so as to mitigate some of the negative economic and social impacts of 'mass tourism'. Murphy (1985) advocates the use of an 'ecological approach', to consider both 'plants' and 'people' when implementing the sustainable tourism development process. This is in contrast to the ' boosterism' and ' economic' approaches to tourism planning, neither of which consider the detrimental ecological or sociological impacts of tourism development to a destination. However, Butler questions the exposition of the term 'sustainable' in the context of tourism, citing its ambiguity and stating that "the emerging sustainable development philosophy of the 1990s can be viewed as an extension of the broader realization that a preoccupation with economic growth without regard to its social and environmental consequences is self-defeating in the long term." Thus 'sustainable tourism development' is seldom considered as an autonomous function of economic regeneration as separate from general economic growth. СЕМЕСТР Saying hello Приветствие
Saying good-bye Прощание
Wishing luck Пожеланияудачи
Disagreeing Несогласие
Apologizing Извинения
Responses to apologies Ответы на извинения
СЕМЕСТР Asking for Directions Conversation 1
Conversation 2
Conversation 3
Conversation 4
Conversation 5
Conversation 6
Conversation 7
Conversation 8
Conversation 9
Time Время
СЕМЕСТР
Money Деньги
СЕМЕСТР Typical Questions at a New Place Типичные вопросы на новом Месте
СПИСОК РЕКОМЕНДУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 1. Багдасарова Н.А. Express English/ Н.Багдасарова. – Москва: Проспект, 2008. – 367 с. 2. Базанова Е.М. Английский язык. Intermediate/ Е.Базанова. – Дрофа, 2004. – 384 с. 3. Казанцева Е.А. Я влюблен в английский / Е.Казанцева. – Уфа, 2007. – 384 с. 4. Карпова Т.А. Английский язык для высших учебных заведений / Т.Карпова. – Москва: Дашков и К, 2006. – 250 с. 5. Макарова Е.В. Английский язык. Upgrade your English vocabulary. Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases / Е. Макарова. – Минск: Попурри, 2012. – 208 с. 6. Пархамович Т.В. Английский язык. Upgrade your English vocabulary. / Т. Пархамович. – Минск: Попурри, 2012. – 208 с. 7. Первухина С.В. Английский язык в таблицах и схемах: пособие / С.Первухина. – Феникс, 2013. – 189 с. 8. Jones Leo. New Cambridge Advanced English (Students Book) / Jones Leo. – Cambridge University Press. – 194 p.
КАЗАНЦЕВА Елена Анатольевна ВАЛИАХМЕТОВА Эльвира Камиловна
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ) Для студентов заочной формы обучения
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «УФИМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НЕФТЯНОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» (УГНТУ) МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ) Для студентов заочной формы обучения Уфа-2016 УДК ББК Рецензент: Петрова Е.А., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных и русского языков УЮИ МВД России; Хисамова Д.Д., канд филол. наук, доцент кафедры башкирского языка и методики его преподавания БГПУ им. М. Акмуллы
Казанцева Е.А., Валиахметова Э.К. Методические указания и контрольные задания по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) для студентов заочной формы обучения / Е.А. Казанцева, Э.К. Валиахметова– Уфа: Уфимск. гос. ун-т экономики и сервиса, 2015. - 157 с. ISBN Методические указания включают в себя тексты контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский), а также подробные рекомендации и разъяснения для освоения дисциплины студентами заочной формы обучения всех направлений.
ISBN © Валиахметова Э.К., Казанцева Е.А., 2015 © Уфимский государственный университет экономики и сервиса, 2015
Содержание 1. Методические рекомендации для студентов….. 2. Раздел 1. Грамматика и лексика……………… 2.1. Контрольная работа № 1…………… 2.2. Контрольная работа № 2…………… 2.3. Контрольная работа № 3……………. 2.4. Контрольная работа № 4……………….. 3. Раздел 2. Чтение…………………………………. 3.1. 1 семестр…………………………………….. 3.2. 2 семестр……………………………………. 3.3. 3 семестр……………………………………. 3.4. 4 семестр…………………………………… 4. Раздел 3. Развитие навыков устной речи 4.1. 1 семестр…………………………………… 4.2. 2 семестр…………………………………… 4.3. 3 семестр…………………………………… 4.4. 4 семестр…………………………………… 5. Список рекомендуемой литературы…………… Методические рекомендации для студентов Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов I-II курсов заочного отделения неязыковых факультетов вузов. Представленный материал подобран с учетом требований программы для студентов дистанционной формы обучения высших учебных заведений, которая, в основном, предусматривает самостоятельные занятия студентов. Цель пособия - контроль знания материала по предмету, пройденного за четыре семестра. Задачи, которые решают авторы пособия, заключаются в следующем: 1) контроль лексико-грамматических навыков; 2) контроль навыков чтения, понимания и перевода иноязычных текстов; 3) контроль навыков устной речи. Первый раздел учебно-методического пособия состоит из четырех контрольных работ, по одной для каждого семестра. Перед контрольной работой дается перечень грамматического материала, который должен быть усвоен студентом-заочником при выполнении контрольной работы. Контрольная работа включает лексико-грамматические упражнения. Второй раздел включает тексты, предназначенные для студентов различных направлений. Самостоятельная работа над чтением, переводом и анализом этих текстов позволяет студентам подготовиться к итоговому письменному экзамену (перевод на русский язык иноязычного текста). Тексты необходимо перевести устно с опорой на свой словарь. В текстах и упражнениях пособия использованы как адаптированные, так и неадаптированные материалы из периодической и учебной литературы, издающейся на английском языке в России, а также из учебников, пособий и энциклопедий на английском языке, изданных в Великобритании и США. Обратите внимание, что для выполнения контрольной работы № 4 необходимо выбрать блок текстов, соответствующий укрупненной группе направлений (экономические направления, туризм и гостеприимство, технические направления). Третий раздел предназначен для развития навыков устной речи. Весь материал, предлагаемый для изучения в семестре, должен быть выучен наизусть. Эти тематически подобранные клишированные фразы позволят объясниться в стандартных ситуациях общения. Перед выполнением контрольной работы студенту необходимо подробно изучить грамматический материал, для чего даётся список рекомендуемой литературы по грамматике английского языка. При переводе текстов следует использовать англо-русский словарь. Письменные работы студентов должны отвечать следующим требованиям: Первую страницу тетради оставляют чистой для рецензии преподавателя. В тетради должны быть поля для замечаний и рекомендаций рецензентов. Задания необходимо переписывать в тетрадь. При выполнении лексико-грамматических упражнений каждое предложение нужно переписать в тетрадь и письменно перевести на русский язык. Каждое предложение следует писать с новой строки: английское предложение - на левой, а его перевод - на правой стороне страницы тетради. Проверенная контрольная работа должна быть исправлена студентом согласно указаниям рецензента, а недостаточно усвоенные темы семестра дополнительно проработаны перед устным зачетом. Студенты, не получившие зачет по контроль ной работе, не допускаются к зачету (или к экзамену) за соответствующий учебный семестр. На зачете/экзамене студент устно защищает контрольную работу. Помимо выполнения контрольной работы, к зачету/экзамену необходимо подготовиться по разделам 2 (Чтение) и 3 (Развитие навыков устной речи) за соответствующий семестр. РАЗДЕЛ 1. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Семестр КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1 Лексико-грамматический материал: правила чтения, имя существительное, именные конструкции, сравнительные конструкции, конструкции предложения It is / There is ( are) / Have ( has) got, местоимения, количественные определители, основные предлоги места и времени, формы глагола, времена зоны настоящего ( Present Simple, Present Continuous). Задание 1. Руководствуясь правилами чтения, прочитайте следующие слова: Fish, chip, mure, square, pea, sea, beach, spring, sort, fair, star, lung, die, bye, jam, jar, byre, job, tea, tree, beech, jest, germ, thin, freeze, this, these, that, those, foe, nor, pie, first, fern, dire, ceaze, lymph, furnish, tyrant, sturdy, student, care, cab, cup, fair, fact, fatal, mare, mat, note, rare, vat, hare, vacant, near, back, lake, beer, tyre, shore, neck, hoarse, yes, yet, agent, pure, back, during, bacon, third, yell, birch, typist, err, tax, sex, famous, short, final, cell, Lord, hurt, cent, ceiling, purse, prince, silent, work, as, has, pilot, worker, mate, her, fetch, fate, verb, tyrant, serve, bird, crutch, gent, gin, total, burn, perfect, badge, open, bridge, moment, mob, sell, shell, guide, due, varnish. Задание 2. а) Перепишите предложения во множественном числе. 1. This phenomenon is worth studying. 2. This is a rare sea species. 3. Put this datum in that column. 4. There was a strawberry in the photo. 5. The woman was sorting the mail. 6. This small blue flower is called a forget-me not. 7. A child’s foot is small. 8. A passer-by is walking hastily down the street. 9. Oil price has dropped dramatically. 10. This person doesn’t know the truth. б) Поставьте в пропуски глагол to be в правильной форме. 1. The news … to good to be true. 2. The police … already here. 3. The government … re-elected every four years. 4. The jury … discussing case 365. 5. The goods … from Italy. 6. The stairs… made of wood. 7. The headquarters of UNO … in Brussels. 8. In Britain, wages … paid for unqualified work. 9. The vertebra … broken. 10. Her family … dog-lovers. 11. All his advice … useless. 12. Her hair … rather long and wavy. Задание 3. Определите тип каждого словосочетания и переведите словосочетания: А ) на русский язык The seven natural wonders of the world, a feeling of relaxation, International Federation of Women's Travel Organizations, a sense of humour, a problem-free holiday, return customers, travel plans, household chemistry, taxi service in your area, travel insurance, a sport event, a mixture of clay and chemicals, the capital of Switzerland, the city style, large amounts of income, client’s tastes and needs, customer satisfaction. б) на английский язык: Колеса машины, круизный лайнер, цепь ресторанов, развитие торговли, главная улица города, плата (charge) за излишний багаж, билет на самолет, распределение продукции, различные виды услуг, вторая половина двадцатого века, пятидневные каникулы, продукты высочайшего качества, современные западные методы приготовления пищи, творческий подход и талант шеф-повара, блюда из морепродуктов, ворота ресторана, центр Москвы, второй этаж торгового центра. Задание 4. Переведите предложения, содержащие сравнительные конструкции: а) на русский язык 1. It is not as far as you think. 2. We need better trained staff. 3. The situation was getting worse and worse. 4. Of the two evils choose the less. 5. What could be more pleasant than swimming in the sea? 6. The most important question today is our students’ academic performance. 7. The farther from home the more we miss it. 8. Coca Cola has twice as many people on staff as Pepsi Cola company. 9. Learning English turned out to be much more difficult than we had expected. 10. Although her qualification is lower than mine, she got the job. б) на английский язык 1. Чем раньше, тем лучше. 2. Самая высокая зарплата в Америке в индустрии нефтедобычи. 3. Ты знаешь это лучше меня. 4. Обучение на инженерных специальностях дороже, чем на гуманитарных направлениях. 5. Это лучший подарок. 6. Погода сегодня гораздо хуже, чем вчера. 7. Сегодня не так холодно, как вчера. 8. Это займет в два раза больше времени. 9. Этот вопрос немного сложнее. 10. Подруга моей старшей сестры – старший бухгалтер. Задание 5. Конструкции It is / There is (are) / Have (has) got. |
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which the majority of American children attend. There are also a number of private elementary and secondary schools where a fee is charged for admission and children are accepted or rejected on the basis of an examination. These include many church-supported schools, usually Catholic, which also charge a fee. Most public schools are coeducational, that is, girls and boys study together, but a lot of the church-supported schools are for boys or girls only.
(usually 3 to 9 members elected by the public or appointed by the governor), not subject to federal control. State laws determine the age of compulsory education, the length of the school year, the way in which teachers shall be certified and many of the courses that must be taught. With so much local control there is some degree of uniformity of education provided in different parts of the USA, because state and national accrediting agencies 
insist that certain standards be maintained and certain things be taught.
and three years of senior high school 
.
, grammar, composition), arithmetic (sometimes elementary algebra or plane geometry in upper grades 
, geography, history of the USA, and elementary natural science. Physical training, music, drawing are also taught. Some schools teach a modern language, such as French, Spanish, or German.