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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
ДЛЯ ЮРИСТІВ-МІЖНАРОДНИКІВСтр 1 из 31Следующая ⇒
Навчальний посібник
Київ-2012 Рецензенти: Грицаєнко Л.Л. – к.ю.н., доцент кафедри державно-правових дисциплін Національної академії прокуратури України Нипорко Ю.І. – к.ю.н., доцент кафедри міжнародного права та порівняльного правознавства Київського університету права Національної академії наук України Козяревич Л.В. – к.ф.н., доцент кафедри зіставного мовознавства та теорії і практики перекладу Київського національного лінгвістичного університету Колектив авторів: Батіна І.А. (тема 1), Мушак Н.Б. (теми 2,4), Понікаревич Н.М. (теми 5, 7), Тесленко Ю.В. (тема 3), Шпаченко В.П. (тема 6) Англійська мова для юристів-міжнародників. Навч. посібник / Батіна І.А, Мушак Н.Б., Понікаревич Н.М., Тесленко Ю.В., Шпаченко В.П. – К.: … 2012, 264 с. Посібник призначений насамперед для студентів та аспірантів, майбутніх фахівців з міжнародного права. Навчальний матеріал посібника спрямований на ознайомлення студентів зі специфікою їхньої майбутньої професії, він охоплює наступні теми: «Вступ до міжнародного публічного права», «Вступ до права Європейського Союзу», «Захист прав людини», «Дипломатичні представництва та дипломатичний протокол», «Офіційне листування», «Види дипломатичних документів». Поряд з тематикою загального характеру (університетська юридична освіта в Україні та світі, міжнародне право, правові акти Європейського Союзу), більш глибоко розглядаються теми, спрямовані на набуття практичних навичок здійснення офіційної кореспонденції і ознайомлення зі структурними та лексико-граматичними особливостями таких видів офіційних дипломатичних документів як вербальні ноти, міжнародні угоди, меморандуми, комюніке та спільні заяви. Для студентів та аспірантів факультетів міжнародного права та всіх, хто самостійно вивчає англійську мову і використовує її у своїй професійній діяльності та має рівень знань, не нижчий від В1. Схвалено кафедрою іноземних мов Київського університету права НАН України, протокол № 10 від 12 квітня 2012 р. Рекомендовано до друку Вченою радою Київського університету права НАН України, протокол № від … 2012 р.
ПЕРЕДМОВА
Навчальний посібник «Англійська мова для юристів-міжнародників» розроблено згідно з робочим навчальним планом Київського університету права Національної академії наук України для освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня «Бакалавр» за спеціальністю 0302 «Міжнародні відносини» та з орієнтацією на положення «Загальноєвропейських рекомендацій з мовної освіти» (Київ, Ленвіт, 2003). Посібник пропонується для використання для студентів третього курсу факультету міжнародного права, рівень володіння англійською мовою має бути не нижче В1, в кінці курсу – В2. Посібник для юристів-міжнародників має на меті вдосконалення навичок читання, письма, говоріння та медіації просунутого рівня, а також підготовку студентів до їхньої професійної діяльності за спеціалізацією «міжнародні відносини», що передбачає опрацювання наступних тем: «Вступ до міжнародного публічного права», «Вступ до права Європейського Союзу», «Захист прав людини», «Дипломатичні представництва та дипломатичний протокол», «Офіційне листування», «Види дипломатичних документів». Перший розділ посібника присвячений юридичній освіті в Україні та в Київському університету права НАНУ, а також відповідним перспективам українських студентів у світі. Розділи тематики загального характеру торкаються питань міжнародного права та права ЄС, правових актів Європейського Союзу. В окремих розділах більш глибоко розглядаються теми, спрямовані на набуття практичних навичок здійснення офіційної кореспонденції і ознайомлення зі структурними та лексико-граматичними особливостями таких видів офіційних дипломатичних документів як вербальні ноти, міжнародні угоди, меморандуми, комюніке та спільні заяви. Структурно посібник складається з 7 розділів, які містять інформативні тексти, вправи на розвиток навичок мовної та комунікативної компетенції, а у додатках представлені аутентичні матеріали - витяги з Віденської конвенції про дипломатичні зносини 1961 року, Статуту ООН, Статуту Міжнародного Суду, Лісабонського договору, Загальної декларації прав людини. Практичні завдання посібника спрямовані на опанування фахової лексики та розвиток навичок перекладу, таким чином реалізується інтегрований підхід до викладання англійської мови професійного спрямування та теорії та практики перекладу. Посібник підготовлено авторським колективом кафедри іноземних мов Київського університету права Національної академії наук України під керівництвом та загальною редакцією завідувача кафедри, кандидата філологічних наук, доцента В.І. Крепель, мовну редакцію всіх розділів здійснила доцент кафедри І.А. Батіна.
Unit 1. Alma Mater Lead-in: People attend university for various reasons. Some people consider university as a challenge and others take it as a new experience. Traditionally university is a perfect place to increase knowledge, meet new people and develop a career. Does university augment your knowledge, aid in developing a career and give a chance to meet new people of different backgrounds?
Reading 1. Read the text and get ready to answer the following questions: 1. Why is Kyiv University of Law a unique educational establishment? 2. What educational institution was the predecessor of KUL? 3. Which educational qualification levels can be obtained at KUL? 4. What do KUL undergraduates major in? 5. Who are master classes conducted by? 6. Why is the law clinic essential for training specialists in the sphere of law? Kyiv University of Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv University of Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the successor of the Higher School of Law was founded in 1995 at Koretsky Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Despite being rather young, the university has proved to be one of the leading and promising legal educational establishments of Ukraine, as its activity conception is based on integrating legal education and fundamental theoretical studies in the sphere of law. The university is the only educational-scientific complex in the system of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Here students can study legal sciences and international law, obtaining educational qualification levels of bachelor, specialist and master under the supervision of the nationally recognized experts in various spheres of law. As a result, undergraduates major in civil and labor law, court, public prosecution, the bar, business activity legal provision, international and European law. Kyiv University of Law of the NASU is unique due to educational process, methodical work, research and development based on educational, methodical and scientific innovations. Alongside with traditional educational forms the university applies new information and communication technologies, such as master classes, that being quite a common phenomenon for many European universities. At KUL of the NASU master classes are conducted by highly respected scholars, teachers, academicians, corresponding members, professors or recognized qualified practitioners - judges, lawyers and prosecutors. The acquired theoretical knowledge can be successfully tested and applied at the Feniks (Phoenix) Law Clinic created in 2007. It is considered to be essential for training specialists, as only working at the law clinic future lawyers are able to realize the value and significance of the academic knowledge and professional techniques, to feel as a real practicing lawyer, consulting clients and to be helpful to the society, in particular to its poor strata. It goes without saying that studying at the university is not pure entertainment but at KUL of the NASU you have a chance to enjoy the combination of studying, academic research, live communication with national and international outstanding scholars and practicing lawyers and acquire the first professional experience, to say nothing about lots of fun during ordinary or to be exact, extraordinary student life.
Task 1. Match the following words with their definitions:
1. a social class in a society; 2. someone who takes a job or a position previously held by someone else; 3. a member of an official organisation which encourages the development of sciences, arts, literature, etc.; 4. the first university degree in a science subject; 5. to study something as your main subject at college or university; 6. a university degree in a science subject that you can get after your first degree; 7. an intelligent and well-educated person; 8. a student at college or university working for his/her first degree; 9. the group of people who are barristers.
Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing words:
a) My as chairman takes over next week. b) British share the opinion of the American colleagues. c) He is in his late fifties, , he is 59. d) the high price, the cottage is worth paying it. e) the world financial crisis, the enterprise production can be considered successful. f) In most cases is the only way for an undergraduate necessary to get a decent job. g) John is a future diplomat, so he in international law and several foreign languages. h) The peculiarity of is that its staff consults representatives of the poor of the population, , it is done free of charge. i) In the former USSR countries universities there are three educational qualification levels: ________, _______ and _______ while in the rest of the world the educational qualification level of ________ is not available. j) The official position of is formulated according to the law. k) being extremely busy, has postponed his report at the university. l) Studying at university can benefit a person greatly since it augments a person’s knowledge, aids in developing a career, giving a chance of meeting new people of different backgrounds.
Task 3. Nowadays more and more foreign universities are willing to enroll foreign students. Read the following text and suggest its abstract translation: Breaking New Ground Scottish universities broke new ground this year, as the Edinburgh-based Heriot-Watt University completed a 35 million pound (42 million euro) extension to its Dubai campus. Meanwhile, Heriot-Watt’s west coast rival, the Glasgow Caledonian University, opened a campus in London as well as a nursing college in Bangladesh. And the Edinburgh Napier University, which already has an office in India, recently started a biofuel-research centre in Hong Kong. The universities are following international trends to attract foreign students and, in the face of major cuts to public funding, to find new sources of income. The Heriot-Watt Dubai campus is being extended to meet growing demand for British education in the region. It will include an auditorium for 800 people, engineering laboratories, ICT labs with videoconferencing facilities and state-of-the-art fashion and design studios. The head of international development, Ruth Moir, says that, while the move is part of a campaign to become more independent of public money, “providing high-quality education is our priority”. The Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) is the first Scottish university to open a campus in England. In September, the GCU London began delivering the university’s specialist postgraduate courses in finance, risk management and fashion – mainly to international students. The head of communications, Alison Arnot, says the university felt it would be better able to attract international students if it could offer an option to study in London. Academics from the Glasgow campus will travel to London to teach. And the university is also using its English campus to attract academics who want to live in London, but who will also teach in Glasgow. Arnot says the university, which already operates the Caledonian College of Engineering in Oman, hopes income from the London campus will help it with its social mission. “We use our skills not just to help individuals, but to help the wider society”, says Arnot. GCU, which has good connections to Muhammad Yunus, a Nobel peace-prize winner, is currently talking to the Scottish government about opening the first Grameen microfinance bank in the UK, in Sighthill, an Edinburgh suburb. The bank, based upon a model developed by Yunus in Bangladesh, provides mini-loans to the poorest in society, to help them start businesses. Also working closely with the Grameen organisation, the GCU recently opened the Grameen Caledonian Nursing College in Bangladesh for daughters of Grameen Bank clients. Bangladesh currently trains more doctors than nurses. Earlier this year, Edinburgh’s Napier University, which started Britain’s first biofuel-research centre to focus on developing sustainable biofuel, opened a similar centre in Hong Kong. Last year, the university opened an office in Hyderabad, India, to coordinate the recruiting of students for the Edinburgh campus. It is also exploring the possibility of setting up a campus in Hyderabad in partnership with local institutions.
Task 4. In the future you might want to continue your education abroad. In this case you will have to take a TOEFL test. Study the following TOEFL sample essay on the topic Why go to university? and write your own one: A university degree often helps a person achieve his goal with more ease. However, do we attend university just in pursuit of a degree? Does a university only provide us nothing beneficial besides a paper-made diploma? As far as I am concerned, we enjoy university education in the following aspects. Firstly, with the knowledge learned at the university, we will have a deep understanding of our society. It is true that genuine knowledge comes from practice, but it cannot be denied that genuine knowledge tells us how to practice. A systematic study at a college or a university, of course, enables us to realize how the society works and how to cope with certain problems arising from it in a more efficient, and skillful way. Second, a university education usually makes it possible that we get hold of a decent job. As a result of the accomplishment of a four-year study, it is not difficult for us to find a good job in most cases. How can we imagine that a graduate majoring in astronomy has to be a vendor in the street! No doubt, he/she should sit in his/her laboratory, doing research on aircraft science before a computer. Obviously, a university education assures him/her a decent job. Last, but not the least, we can help others much better if we put what we have learned at the university into practice. A university education fortifies our values, enhances our skills and broadens our horizons. With those, we are more capable of giving a hand to those who are in need of help than ever before. Knowledge is power. When achieving a degree at the university, we can get a better understanding of the society, find a decent job in an easy way and help others better. All of those are due to the knowledge obtained at the university.
Reading 2: Read the text and get ready to define whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Stanford, Berkley and Harvard are certain to be the top American legal education establishments. 2. The SLS administration tries to do the best to improve the university. 3. It is impossible to consider a university a dream, even such a top notch educational establishment as Stanford. 4. If you are a representative of any minority, you have more chances to be admitted to Stanford. 5. Admission to SLS is highly competitive. 6. Being a SLS student, you will have an opportunity to communicate with the university professors without any obstacles. 7. Student collaboration is out of the question at SLS due to extremely high competition. 8. During each examination session 10 percent of SLS students are given out the lowest grades and are expelled. 9. Due to the world economic recession a considerable percent of Stanford alumni are unemployed. Stanford Law School
Joining Yale and Harvard at the top of American legal education, Stanford Law School (SLS) wins the affections of many students admitted to all three. Although no law school is perfect, SLS comes close, and the administration is continually striving to make it even better. The diverse and uniformly excellent offerings of Stanford coupled with its low student-faculty ratio of 8, 6 to 1 make attending this top law school in paradise a dream come true for many students. Admission to Stanford is not easy. SLS seeks a diverse student body and encourages underrepresented minorities or those with unique life experiences to apply. The law school receives nearly 4000 applications to fill its class of 170 students. In 2009 Stanford’s professors rated as among the top in the nation based on the quality of their teaching. They were ranked third most interesting and fifth most accessible from the results of student surveys. Six Stanford faculty members were included on the National Law Journal’s of the nation’s 100 most influential lawyers. Competition at the law school is muted for a number of reasons. Stanford’s small size is one reason. Those pursuing extremely selective positions like Supreme Court clerkships might still feel pressure to compete, but the vast majority of students do not. The most important reason for the collaborative atmosphere may be the new grading system. Instructors assign one of four grades – honours, pass, restricted credit, or no credit. In reality, the lowest two grades are almost never given out. The Stanford JD has national reach, and fewer than half of graduates stay in California for their first job. New York City and Washington DC take a fifth of the class each, and the rest spread out around the country and internationally. Graduates have success at finding whichever type of job they want, whether at a firm, clerking, or eventually in academia. SLS’ faculty ranks among the top three for corporate law, and is also considered among the top ten law schools for tax law. SLS’s proximity to Silicon Valley helps explain its expertise in intellectual property law, with Stanford considered the number one law school in this field. Environmental conservation being a top priority in beautiful Northern California, Stanford has built a solid reputation and course offerings in environmental law. Stanford is almost indisputably the most balanced top law school. Every important aspect of it is top notch. The professors are highly accomplished but also accessible and interesting. The students are intelligent but are genuinely warm and fun-loving. Very few will find fault with the Bay Area’s sun or fair weather, and the mountains and ocean are both close at hand. It is a great place to spend three years. Need-based financial aid and generous loan assistance should allow anyone to attend without breaking the bank. Wrapping it all up are best job prospects on the West Coast and easily some of the best in the nation. Alumni often claim that their time at SLS was the best of their lives, and it is not difficult to see why.
Task 1. Match the following words with their definitions:
1. the former students of a school, college; 2. the process of allowing people to enter a university, institution; 3. a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour; 4. to make a great effort to achieve something; 5. very different from each other; 6. a proportion; 7. holding a position of an official in charge of the records of a court, town council; 8. the highest level; 9. a job or piece of work involving two or more people working together to achieve something; 10. very skillful; 11. definitely true; 12. somebody or something easy to reach.
Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing words:
1. The teaching staff of the university guaranties the students knowledge and excellent job prospects. 2. Harvard can be met at the top companies and state administration agencies. 3. without such a generous loan assistance I would not be able to pay the tuition. 4. The atmosphere at the law clinic can be characterized as rather than competitive. 5. We must continue for greater efficiency. 6. of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1. 7. is not the position he dreams of having graduated from Yale. 8. We conducted of parents in the village. 9. sources of information are easily nowadays. 10. The college has a very selective policy.
Task 3. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English: 1) Поза будь-якими сумнівами Національний університет імені Т.Г.Шевченка, Києво-Могилянська Академія та Острозька Академія є найкращими вищими навчальними закладами України, що завоювали прихильність не тільки вітчизняних, але й іноземних абітурієнтів. 2) Прийом до вищих навчальних закладів України тепер залежить не тільки від результатів зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання, але й від середнього балу шкільного атестата. 3) Головним пріоритетом цього навчального закладу є підготовка високо кваліфікованих юристів, які демонстрували б не тільки ґрунтовні фахові знання, а ще й практичні навички, саме тому студентів заохочують до роботи в юридичній клініці. 4) Найвищий рівень знань випускників цього університету є безперечним, тому найпрестижніші фірми прагнуть найняти їх на роботу. 5) Сучасна українська освіта має певні очевидні недоліки: до вищої освіти не мають доступу найбідніші верстви населення, а нещодавно впроваджена система оцінювання сприяє нездоровій конкуренції між студентами, а не атмосфері співробітництва. 6) Ви повинні усвідомлювати, що тільки людина зі знаннями найвищого рівня може прагнути отримання такої посади з дуже суворим відбором. 7) Зрозуміло без зайвих пояснень, що чим менше студентів припадає на одного викладача університету, тим вище якість освіти. 8)За результатами опитування вітчизняних студентів майже всі вони намагаються знайти роботу ще під час навчання попри всі складності, оскільки п’ятирічний досвід роботи є обов’язковою умовою при працевлаштуванні. 9) Головним пріоритетом в роботі викладача є не виставлення оцінок, а об’єктивне визначення рівня знань і потенціалу студентів.
Task 4. Translate the following from Ukrainian into English: Вища освіта за кордоном Вища освіта в закордонному вищому закладі відкриває масу перспектив для студентів: отримання диплома міжнародного рівня, що високо цінується роботодавцями різних країн, вивчення декількох мов, новий виток кар’єри, опанування сучасних навичок і методик. Наразі чимало українських студентів розглядають можливість поглиблення фахових знань, отриманих на батьківщині, після отримання освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня “бакалавр”. Провідні університети світу відкриті для молодих амбітних українців, які прагнуть отримати освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень “магістр”під керівництвом всесвітньо визнаних науковців . Необхідно надати диплом бакалавра українського вищого навчального закладу; результати міжнародного іспиту, що підтверджують рівень володіння відповідною іноземною мовою (IELTS, TOEFL, TestDaf, etc. ); мотиваційний лист іноземною мовою про абітурієнта, його плани на майбутнє та причини, що спонукали його обрати певну спеціальність, університет; листи-рекомендації від викладачів та роботодавців; документ, що засвідчує досвід роботи.
Task 5. Study the following motivation letter and get ready to write your own one to apply for a master’s degree to a foreign university: As far as I can remember I have always wanted to master the profession of a lawyer. Especially, as it has become my family tradition. But the closer was the end of school and university choices, respectively, the more I thought about the issue if I like the law so much. The answer was obvious - yes, but I knew that it would be too tight in the framework of the national legislation. That's why my choice was the faculty of international law. After 4 years of study I realized that it was not a mistake. None of the countries of the world exist in a confined space, including Ukraine. Nowadays a huge number of contacts between different countries happens within a day. Not always, these contacts are friendly. Sometimes, small misunderstandings between representatives of different countries may escalate in time into a political conflict or, to make things still worse, to military actions. For the society, international law has become the same necessity as air. Precisely international law has tools that allow to reach agreement on controversial issues, to find mutual understanding, to prevent the looming conflict or to solve the arising conflict situation. The more important it becomes for professionals wishing not only to rely on the experience of their countries, but also learn from the experience of foreign countries. That is why at the end of my study I decided to deepen my knowledge in another country. I hope that studying at Queen Mary, University of London, will give me not only the opportunity to find myself among students from different countries, to learn about the traditions and customs of the peoples of these countries first hand, understand the specifics of their national legislations, but also allow me to grow up professionally. I am often asked why I have chosen this field of study. A clear laconic answer does not exist. For me, this is an interesting profession, which I have dreamed of since childhood. For me, it's a dream that I want to achieve. But first of all, this is an opportunity, though indirectly, to help my country to create a positive image among countries of the world. Ukraine is quite a young country, and is still in the process of forming not just any democratic and legal institutions, but also in cultivating its professionals in such important sectors as international law. Looking around at my choice of specialization, I often caught myself thinking that the most interesting for me is Public International Law and Human Rights. Nowadays, as more and more cases against Ukraine are considered by the European Court of Human Rights, it becomes clear that in this area a great job must be done by Ukraine not only to improve the image of the country, but also to improve the human rights protection mechanisms and refusing violation. But for such global changes Ukraine needs professionals who understand not only national legislation but also matters relating to international law and human rights, professionals who are also well aware of the specifics of international law application, as well as national legislation, people who know and understand the basics of the theory of conflict resolution and negotiations, who know how to use the tools and new technologies to resolve conflicts. During the four years of study at the university I had a number of subjects which gave the key concepts in the field of public international law, humanitarian law, human rights protection. However, the knowledge and skills I have obtained strengthened my desire to progress in this direction. I have always felt some lack in textbooks that we examined. I tried to find books and materials not covered by our university program. More and more often I viewed the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights against Ukraine, trying to trace the trends of human rights violations, followed the news of the world hotspots and the international organisations. But it was not enough for systematic knowledge in this field. I've always been confident that the difficulties only harden our character, making us better. I hope I will have the opportunity to become better exactly at Queen Mary, University of London.
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