Understanding main issues and details.  1. Analyze main issues

 1. Analyze main issues:

Compare the three types of a computer and fill in the table:

Types of computers	Size	Power	Usage

b. Find correct answers to the questions:

1.Who was the first to built mechanical computer?

2. What did Babbage demonstrate in 1822?

3. What language has become the dominant personal computer language?

4. When were the computers of the first, second, fourth

  generation produced?

5. What is the difference between the computers of four

  generations?

6. What type of computers is the most suitable for home use?

7. What computer has the biggest memory?

8. What is the smallest class of the computer?

9. What is the fastest class of computers?

c. Give the definition of the following parts of the computer system:

· main memory · output device · input device · storage device

·  processor · software · hardware · keyboard

d. Say whether the sentences given below are:

· True:

· False:

· Not given:

1. One of the most important development of this century is the

computer.

2. The basic job of computers is the processing of information.

3. Computers are not used nowadays for many different kinds

of work.

4. A computer can be used to process many different types

 of data.

5. More than 140 computer languages are in existence now.

6. A programming language is used to write or formulate

computer programs.

7. FORTRAN was not an instant success; IBM had to promote

 its use aggressively.

8. The word computer comes from a Greece word which means to

 “count”.

9. In 1986 transistors were invented. They are made from

 materials called semiconductors.

10. All programming languages have certain formal structural

features.

2. Analyze the details:

a. Complete the following sentences:

1. He constructed … 2. These computers … 3. It is an interactive language … 4. In 1956 transistors … 5. The second generation computers … 6. A computer can do

a. very little until it is given some information b. were smaller and used less electrical power c. a small working model d. were called the first computers generation e. … were invented f. with easy input/output commands

b. Summarize the information of computers and fill in the table:

The main parts of computers	Peripheral parts of computers

c. Find in the Texts and read information about:

The device that can receive a set of information

The basic idea of a computer

The application of a computer

The dates of invention of different computer generations

A programming language

The first higher-level computer language

The advantages of each generation of computers

 

d. Match each component with its functions:

Component	Function
1. Storage device 2. Input device 3. Output device 4. Main memory 5. Processor 6. Computer language	a. It displays the processed data b. It holds the programs and data c. It does the processing and controls the peripherals d. It allows data to be entered e. It provides permanent storage f. It expresses and solves computer-based problems

e. Summarize the information about the use of computers nowadays.

Text C.

Text for individual work: read, translate and be ready to do the

 tasks after the text.

Three Types of Computers

There are three types of computers: digital, analog and hybrid. They differ from one another in terms of operating principles, equipment design and application.

The analog computer operates on data represented by continuously varying qualities. The following principal units make up an analog computer: a calculating device, a controlling device, a generator, a plug board, an output device. Capable of solving ordinary differential equations, the analog computer is well suited for use in systems engineering. Another common application is the analysis of networks, such as those for electric-power distribution. This type of computers is widely used in automation. Although common in engineering since the 1920s analog computers are not general-purpose computers

The whole class of analog computers may be simply divided into differential analyzers and simulators. A differential analyzer is a device for solving differential equations. A simulator is an electrical or electro-mechanical model of a dynamic system so designed that measurement on the model gives useful information about the system. The analog computer is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary continuously. Because of this feature analog computers were especially useful in the simulation and evaluation of dynamic situations such as the flight of a space capsule or the changing weather patterns over a certain area.

Unlike the analog computer the digital computer works with data as the digits of the binary code. It counts, lists, compares, and rearranges these binary digits or bits of data in accordance with very detailed program instructions stored within its memory.

Modern digital computers are made up of the following components: a central processing unit (CPU), input devices, memory storage device, output devices, a communication network, called a “bus” that links all the elements of the system and connects the system to the external word.

Digital computers can be programmed to perform electronic data processing. They are widely used in the solution of the problems of science, engineering, business. This use is based on their ability to operate at a great speed, to produce accurate results, to store large quantities of information and to carry out a long sequence of operations without human intervention.

 The hybrid computer combines the characteristics and advantages of analog and digital systems; it offers greater precision than the former and more control capability than the latter. Equipped with special conversion devices it utilizes both analog and discrete representation of data.

 

Words to be remembered:

application – застосування

analog computer – аналоговий комп’ютер

differential equation – диференціальне рівняння

network – мережа

distribution – розподіл

digital computer – цифровий комп ` ютер

to rearrange – переставляти

external world – зовнішній світ

1. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following English phrases:

Mainframe computer, memory capacity, to perform calculations, to process information, input-output devices, software and hardware, to solve equations, analog computer, digital computer, external world, character of a text.

 

2. Read and translate into English the following Ukrainian phrases:

Як наслідок, універсальна обчислювальна машина, цифровий комп’ютер, розв’язувати рівняння, аналоговий комп’ютер, програмне та апаратне забезпечення, символ тексту, обсяг пам’яті, пристрої вводу-виводу, зовнішній світ.

3. Make up sentences using the given words:

1. Through, analog, performs, the, varying, interaction, an, computer, 

physical, of, continuously, quantities, calculations.

2. In, similar, calculus, analog, and, computers, specialize, problems,

mathematical, differential.

3. Be, main, special-purpose, and, all, classified, computers, may,

two, general-purpose, into, types, analog.

4. Computers, is, digital, of, the, one, computer, the, electronic, types, of.

5. To, analog, designed, in, variable, continuously, which, computer,

the, vary, data, the, quantities, is, process.

 

W R I T I N G

 3.1. Translate two abstracts in a written form.

 3.2. Write 10 questions to Text A.

 3.3. Make up thesis for rendering Text B.

 3.4. Write a short summary of Text C.

 3.5. Look through Texts A, B, C and make a report about the computer system.

T A L K I N G

 

Talking Points

1. Find in the text and present the information about:

a. The analogue computers

b. The digital computers

c. The first generation computers

d. The second generation computers

e. The third generation computers

f. The fourth generation computers

g. The first higher-level computer languages

 

2. Comment in English on the following issues:

· Kомп'ютери відрізняються один від одного

· Kомп'ютери загального призначення

· Mінікомп’ютери це швидкі комп'ютери

· Aналоговий комп’ютер працює з інформацією, що

  представлена величинами, які безперервно регулюються

· Цифрові комп’ютери можуть бути запрограмовані для

  виконання різних завдань

· Перші дві комп’ютерні мови були розроблені комісіями

· Напрямок розвитку комп”ютерів п”ятого покоління є ще

  незрозумілим

 

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