THE DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS

The term “design” in connection with residential areas means the arrangement of the various parts (the houses, roads, and so on) in such a way that they function properly, can be built economically and give pleasure to look at. The appearance of the area develops from its function and the way it is built, and is not something which is applied after the scientific, constructional and economic problems have been solved. These problems which are at the root of design, have received a fair share of attention in technical publications, and judging by results, are better understood than those that are concerned with appearance.

The term “residential area” is commonly taken to mean an area of urban development in which the majority of buildings are dwellings and from which conflicting buildings are excluded. It is, therefore, desirable to arrive at some idea of those characteristics which are, or are likely in the future to be essential to a residential area.

It may be said at the outset that the area must have its own identity and give the residents the feeling that it belongs to them. This simple and obvious idea, which is difficult to realize and is seldom realized today, requires two essential conditions to its fulfillment: every part of area must be within reasonable walking distance of every other part, for a journey by car or bus gives the feeling of going to another place; secondly, it must be a unity, a complete and harmonious whole.

It has now become generally accepted that an area of dwellings, however well designed, is not by itself sufficient to meet the needs of the inhabitants. Schools, shops, playing fields, a meeting hall and other communal facilities are necessary to meet these needs, and an area which contains them is general called a neighborhood. So much has been written about this idea of a residential area as a neighborhood that it is only necessary to mention, in passing one problem about which there appears to be some confusion, namely the size and shape of the neighborhood. Many authorities have recommended some particular size, usually between ten and twelve thousand people, but there are existing housing areas of two or three thousand people which are very definitely neighborhoods, and there are others which are much larger and just as satisfactory. So much depends on the structure of the town as a whole and on the topography, that there may be very wide variations in size and shape between one neighborhoods and another.

VOCABULARY NOTES

 

1) arrangement – розташування  

2) outset – початок

3) essential  condition - необхідна умова

4) fulfillment – виконання

5) to meet the needs – задовольнити потреби

6) authority – повноваження, авторитет

7) particular size – особливий розмір

8) satisfactory - задовільно

9) to realize - уявляти

 

EXERCISES

 

1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations:

У зв’язку з; різні частини; на початку дизайну; судячи з результату; проста та явна ідея; існуючі житлові території; залежати від; широке різноманіття;

2)Answer the questions:

1) What does the appearance of the area develop from?

2) What does the term “residential area” mean?

3) What two essential conditions does the simple and obvious idea require?

4) What’s a neighborhood?

5) What have many authorities recommended?

6) What does much depend on?

3) Complete the sentences in your own words:

1) The appearance of the area develops …..

2) These latter problems which are at the root of design ….

3) The term “residential area” is commonly taken ……

4) It may be said at the outset that the area …….

5) …………. are necessary to meet the needs of the Inhabitants.

6) There may be very wide variations …………

4)Translate into English:

1) Термін «дизайн» у зв’язку з територіями розташування різних частин (домів, доріг та ін.) можуть бути побудовані економічно та приносити задоволення.

2) Вид території розвивається з її призначення та засобу будування ї не є тем, що прийнято після вирішення наукових, конструкційних ті економічних проблем.

3) Можна сказати з початку, що територія повинна бути ідентичною та дати резидентам можливість відчути, що вона належить їм.

4) Зараз встановлено, що територія житлових приміщень, хоча і добре спроектованої недостатньо для задоволення потреб мешканців.

5) Багато залежить від структури всього міста та топографії, що можуть бути різних розмірів та форми.

 

 

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