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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
ОД. Б.03 «Иностранный язык (английский)»Стр 1 из 6Следующая ⇒
МИИТ Ярославский железнодорожный техникум – филиал государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Московский государственный университет путей сообщения»
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА МИИТ Ярославский железнодорожный техникум – филиал государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Московский государственный университет путей сообщения»
Рабочая тетрадь для практических занятий по дисциплине
ОД. Б.03 «Иностранный язык (английский)»
1курс (2 семестр) Для всех специальностей технического и социально- экономического профиля
Группа: ___________________
Студент: __________________
Методическая разработка обсуждена на заседании цикловой комиссии и рекомендована к использованию в учебно-воспитательном процессе
Для использования, размножения, переработки необходимо подавать заявки в Ярославский ж.д. техникум-филиал МИИТ 150048, г. Ярославль, Московский проспект, 151, телефон 44-99-36
Содержание
4.Социально – культурная сфера 4.1.Жизнь в городе и сельской местности 5 4.2.Место, в котором хочется жить 7 4.3.Жизнь в семье. Забота о домашних животных 11 5.Природа и экология 5.1.Мы и мир вокруг нас 14 5.2.Экология больших городов 16 5.3.Пути решения экологических проблем 17 Модальные глаголы 18 5.4.Экстремальные природные явления 20 6.Молодежь в современном обществе. Досуг молодежи 6.1.Что ты знаешь о кино? 22 6.2.Какой фильм тебе нравится? 24 Наречия меры и степени с прилагательными 25 6.3.Любишь ли ты театр? 26 Эмфатические предложения 28 7.Страны изучаемого языка 7.1.Достопримечательности Лондона 29 7.2.Эти странные англичане 32 7.3.Достопримечательности Вашингтона 34 7.4.Эти странные американцы 36 8.Путешествие по своей стране и за рубежом 8.1.Почему люди путешествуют? 37 8.2.Куда люди любят ездить отдыхать за рубежом? 39 Путешествие по «Золотому кольцу России» Приложение 47 Используемая литература 50
Unit 4. Социально-культурная сфера (44часа)
4. Life in the City and in the Countryside. (Жизнь в городе и сельской местности) (8 часов) В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. (East or West – Home is best) Lead-in Task 1. Answer the questions: 1.Our home is a place at which we feel comfortable and at ease. Do you agree? How can you explain why we have this feeling about our home? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.What things do you most appreciate about your home? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.List ways of making your home attractive and pleasant to live in. Compare your list with those of other students. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.How would you interpret this proverb? Men make houses, women make homes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2. How much do you know? 1.What do you know about the Russian traditional love of gardens and gardening, dogs and dogs shows? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.What do you know about the British Traditions? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.What are the peculiarities of Russian food? Can you name any typically Russian dishes? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do you know about British food? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 3. Read this information and indentify different types of houses that can be found in Britain. Are they accessible ( доступный ) to every family?
Home, sweet home It is common knowledge that there is no place like home. To the British their homes are important. They are dedicated to them, they give them a lot of time and effort, looking after their homes with much love, care and enthusiasm. More than half of British families own their homes (houses or flats). Others live in council accommodation and some people rent from private owners.
Types of Houses There are three main types of houses that people live in: a. detached – отдельный b. semi-detached – с общей стеной c. terraced – ряд домов
A semi-detached house is joined to the house next door by a shared wall. A house of this kind is less expensive that a detached house, but still offers a good standart of privacy and comfort. It usually has a small garden at the front and a larger garden at the back.
A detached house is the most expensive type of home. It stands on its own land and is not attached to another building. Such houses have privacy from neighbours, and they are ideal for keen gardeners who can devote plenty of time to work in their garden.
A terraced house is usually two- or three-storeys high. It is one of a continuous row of similar houses joined together by their side walls. Many rows of terraced houses were originally built for workers in nearby factories or coalmines. A terraced house usually costs less than a semi-detached or detached house of similar size. There are miles of terraced houses in most towns. Over a quarter of British families live in them.
There are also other types of buildings in which people live: d. apartment blocks – многоэтажные многоквартирные дома e. bungalows – одноэтажный дом с верандой f. country cottages – загородный дом Bungalows are one-storey houses which are particularly popular with older people.
Apartment blocks are high-rise blocks of flats which provide accommodation for a lot of city dwellers (житель). But these buildings are not very popular. About 20% of the population live in flats. There are more flats in cities than in rural (сельский) areas. Most people in Britain traditionally like to live in houses.
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Task 4. Can these types of houses be found in Russia? Are they accessible ( доступный ) to every family in our country? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 3. a). Read the comments of several Britons on the well-known proverb:
Task 6. You are staying in England in August (or any other month). You want to sent a postcard home saying what you are doing, what the weather is like, and what you like (or dislike) about the place where you are. What do you write? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 1.The problems of ecology are very important now. Which problem is the most urgent, in your opinion? What can you and the people around you do to protect the planet? Read the following text to understand it. Environmental problems have become exceptionally acute in the modern world, and environmental protection has become a vital necessity (жизненная необходимость) for all people. Our planet is in serious danger. One of the most important environmental problems in the world today is the shortage (нехватка) of clean water. Industrial pollution has made many sources of water undrinkable. Rivers, lakes and even seas have become poisonous (ядовитый). Thousands of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste (нелегальный сброс отходов) in rivers by factories all over the world. Lake Baikal is one of the world’s largest and most beautiful lakes. It contains a rich variety of fish and plants, including 1.300 rare species (редкие виды) that do not exist anywhere else in the world. However, they are being killed by massive industrial waste, which some factories still pour (сливать) into the lake every day. A few years ago people thought that the supply (запас) of clean water was unlimited. Now clean water is scarce (ограниченный), and we are beginning to respect this precious resource (бесценный источник, ресурс). We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren. Air pollution (загрязнение воздуха) is another important problem. In hundreds of cities and towns the concentration of harmful substances (вредные вещества) in the air is over ten times the admissible level (допустимый уровень). Every day a huge number of plants and factories emit lots of harmful substances into the atmosphere of big cities. The great increase in the use of motor cars in the last quarter of the twentieth century has caused (стало причиной) an increase in a new kind of air pollution. Pollution from factories and cars poison the air we breathe, and is the main reason for the greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект) and acid rain (кислотный дождь). Acid rain can damage life in lakes and rivers and destroy forests. The greenhouse effect may also have disastrous consequences (разрушительные последствия) for our planet. It is already affecting areas of the world with unusual weather causing droughts (наводнения) or heavy storms (штормы). The world’s temperature is going up and the climate is changing. Cutting down on emissions from large combustion plants and exhaust fumes from vehicles would help solve the problem. I think we should try and use alternative energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, and design plants and cars that run on electricity, a much cleaner fuel than petrol. One of the most alarming environmental problems is depletion of the ozone layer (образование, наличие озонового слоя), which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. Because of the ozone holes, the dangerous rays get through the atmosphere, causing skin cancer and other serious diseases. Many scientists think that these ozone holes are the result of air pollution. In my opinion, the most urgent ecological problem today is the environmental safety of nuclear power stations. Nuclear pollution can’t be seen, but its effect can be terrible. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. Nuclear waste also endangers people’s lives. People all over the world protest against nuclear tests and nuclear weapons. If we do not take any action, the possibility of a global nuclear disaster is very real. If we take action now, there might be some hope for the future. If we do nothing, we are heading for disaster!
Task 2. Answer the questions:
1. What ecological problems are urgent now? 2. What is the influence of pollution on people’s health? 3. What is happening to our forests? 4. What are the consequences of nuclear disasters? 5. Was life better a hundred years ago? Why do you think so? 6. What ecological problems exist in your home town? 7. How can people protect our planet? 8. What is the aim of ecological organizations? What ecological organizations do you know? 9. What can you personally do to keep the world healthy? 10. Should we reject technological progress? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 3. Learn the topical words:
a vital necessity (жизненная необходимость) the shortage (нехватка) poisonous (ядовитый) the illegal dumping of waste (нелегальный сброс отходов) rare species (редкие виды) pour (сливать) the supply (запас) scarce (ограниченный) precious resource (бесценный источник, ресурс) Air pollution (загрязнение воздуха) harmful substances (вредные вещества) admissible level (допустимый уровень has caused (стало причиной) the greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект) and acid rain (кислотный дождь) disastrous consequences (разрушительные последствия already affecting areas of droughts (наводнения) or heavy storms (штормы depletion of the ozone layer (образование, наличие озонового слоя) 5.2. Eco of many Cities. ( Экология больших городов ) Task 1. Read the text to understand its main idea using new words: Grammar Modal Verbs ( Модальные глаголы ) Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение к нему, а именно: обозначают возможность, способность, вероятность, необходимость совершения действия, выраженного смысловым глаголом. Инфинитив, следующий за модальными глаголами can , could , may , might , shall , should , had better , must употребляется без частицы to . Инфинитив, следующий за модальными глаголами have , have got , ought, употребляется с частицей to.
Task 3. Вставьте модальные глаголы may ( might ) или can ( could ). 1. …you help me? 2. I … not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it. 4. A fool … ask more questions than a wise man … answer. 5. She asked me if she … use my telephone. 6. … I use your pen? 7. … I find a pen on that table? 8. You … read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You … take this book: I don’t need it. 10. … I help you?
Task 4. Вставьте модальные глаголы can , may , must или need . 1. Peter … return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 2. Why … not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. … we do the exercise at once? – Yes, you … do it at once. 4. … you pronounce this sound? 5. You … not have bought this meat: we have everything for dinner. 6. I … not go out today: it is too cold. 7. … I take your pen? – Yes, please. 8. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it.
What is it about? If you want to know what the weather’s going to be like this weekend, ask a weather-man. If you want to know what it’ll be like in 100 years, ask a scientist. The most important influence on the weather of the future is likely to be global warming. Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the next century. Here’s what we know about global warming. Since the Industrial Age (say, 1800), the concentration of the so-called ‘greenhouse gases’ – carbon dioxide, methane and others – in the atmosphere has risen about 30 per cent. In the past century, temperatures have increased 1 degree Fahrenheit. One opinion is that these tendencies are connected. Industrial and transportation emissions (выделение) increased carbon dioxide, trapping (задерживать) more heat in the atmosphere and raising temperatures. Another opinion is that the small temperature rise is a natural climatic variation. The next hundred years, most scientists agree, will see the earth heat up further. How much further is open to debate: in 1995 hundreds of scientists from around the world predicted a rise of anywhere between 1.8 and 6.3 degrees by 2100. Bur some regions will warm much less and others, especially of northern continents, will warm much more. The United States is facing a temperature rise of 5 to 10 degrees. But, really, it’s anybody’s guess and the answer may be everybody’s problem. We don’t know what the effects of warming might be. Warmer weather might make some areas more attractive and others less. Because what will happen to the world is still uncertain, what will happen to a particular region is even more uncertain. We don’t know how to prevent (предотвращать) warming. Stabilizing emissions isn’t enough. No one knows how to lower emissions without crushing the world economy. Based on present knowledge, the best way of coping (справляться) with warming – if it happens – would be to adapt to it.
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Grammar Grammar
GROUP WORD Страны изучаемого языка ( English - speaking Countries)
Being Different The British have a strong sense of being different from others. They don’t agree to change from driving on the left-hand side of the road to driving on the right They continue to use double-deckers. They stick to their own measurement system and continue system and continue to measure distances in miles (not kilometers), and yards (not in metres). They buy cheese in pounds and ounces, milk in pints, petrol in gallons. The Rule of the Road The rule of the road is a paradox quite, In riding or driving along; If you go to the left you are sure to go right, If you go to the right you go wrong. This is still the rule of Britain and Ireland. In most other European countries and in the USA, traffic keeps to the right. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 5. The British still stick to some rules which are not observed in Europe. What are they? Why do you think the British do not want to change them? Are there serious reasons for that, or is it just their obstinacy, individualism, conservatism, or what? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.3. Sights of Washington (Достопримечательности Вашингтона) What attracts tourists to Russia and abroad? What would you show your foreign guests in your home region?( Куда люди любят ездить за рубежом ? Что бы вы посоветовали посетить зарубежным гостям в нашей области?) МИИТ Ярославский железнодорожный техникум – филиал государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Московский государственный университет путей сообщения»
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА МИИТ Ярославский железнодорожный техникум – филиал государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Московский государственный университет путей сообщения»
Рабочая тетрадь для практических занятий по дисциплине
ОД. Б.03 «Иностранный язык (английский)»
1курс (2 семестр) Для всех специальностей технического и социально- экономического профиля
Группа: ___________________
Студент: __________________
Методическая разработка обсуждена на заседании цикловой комиссии и рекомендована к использованию в учебно-воспитательном процессе
Для использования, размножения, переработки необходимо подавать заявки в Ярославский ж.д. техникум-филиал МИИТ 150048, г. Ярославль, Московский проспект, 151, телефон 44-99-36
Содержание
4.Социально – культурная сфера 4.1.Жизнь в городе и сельской местности 5 4.2.Место, в котором хочется жить 7 4.3.Жизнь в семье. Забота о домашних животных 11 5.Природа и экология 5.1.Мы и мир вокруг нас 14 5.2.Экология больших городов 16 5.3.Пути решения экологических проблем 17 Модальные глаголы 18 5.4.Экстремальные природные явления 20 6.Молодежь в современном обществе. Досуг молодежи 6.1.Что ты знаешь о кино? 22 6.2.Какой фильм тебе нравится? 24 Наречия меры и степени с прилагательными 25 6.3.Любишь ли ты театр? 26 Эмфатические предложения 28 7.Страны изучаемого языка 7.1.Достопримечательности Лондона 29 7.2.Эти странные англичане 32 7.3.Достопримечательности Вашингтона 34 7.4.Эти странные американцы 36 8.Путешествие по своей стране и за рубежом 8.1.Почему люди путешествуют? 37 8.2.Куда люди любят ездить отдыхать за рубежом? 39 Путешествие по «Золотому кольцу России» Приложение 47 Используемая литература 50
Unit 4. Социально-культурная сфера (44часа)
4. Life in the City and in the Countryside. (Жизнь в городе и сельской местности) (8 часов) |
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