We must protect our environment

Our country. Our environment. There are many big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia.

Our Earth is our home. I think people must take care of our Motherland.

There are several laws and decisions on this important subject. We have state organizations which pay attention to this problem.

International conventions pay a lot of attention to controlling pollution too.

There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country that’s why we can’t ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. Our main aim is protection. Our environment must be clean. What must we do? We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study man’s influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences the lives of animals, plants and humans. If we don’t use chemicals properly we’ll pollute our environment.

Our plants and factories put their waste materials into the water and atmosphere and pollute the environment.

There are many kinds of transport in our big cities that is why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of people.

Radiation has become one of the main problems. It is not good for people’s health. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy. Another problem is earthquakes. We have had some terrible earthquakes in Armenia. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes so that we can protect ourselves from them.

All over the world people do a lot to protect nature, to make their countries richer, to make their lives happier.

 

Words :

pollution – загрязнение

environment – окружение, окружающая среда

ignore – игнорировать

defence – оборона, защита

protect – охранять

atmospheric – атмосферный

influence – влияние

plant – растение

law – закон

decision – решение

earthquake – землетрясение

forecast – предсказывать, прогнозировать

waste – отбросы производства

enterprise – предприятие

aim – цель

 

Task 5. Answer the questions:

1. The protection of our environment is important, isn’t it?

2. Are there any laws on this question?

3. Do our state organizations pay attention to the protection of the environment?

4. We are against the pollution of the environment, aren’t we?

5. Why is the problem of protecting our nature so important now?

6. Do you know anything about terrible earthquakes in our country?

7. Is it possible to forecast earthquakes?

8. Radiation is a very big problem, isn’t it?

9. What has happened in Chernobyl?

10.  Do you love your homeland?

11. What can you do to protect our water and air?

                        

             5.3. How to solve Ecological Problems? ( Пути решения экологических проблем )

Task1 .Do you agree with the following opinions?

-I’m in favour of protecting wild animals.

-I’m against food imports.

-I’m against big cars in the city.

-I believe in responsible tourism.

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Task 2.Work in small groups. Discuss which of these activities are good/bad for the environment.

a) Cycling to work / school.

b) Buying a hamburger in a plastic container.

c) Buying imported fruit and vegetables.

d) Using plastic bags for your shopping.

e) Using public transport.

f) Travelling alone in your car.

g) Picking up litter.

h) Drinking bottled water.

i) Travelling by air.

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Grammar

Modal Verbs

( Модальные глаголы )

Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение к нему, а именно: обозначают возможность, способность, вероятность, необходимость совершения действия, выраженного смысловым глаголом.

Инфинитив, следующий за модальными глаголами can , could , may , might , shall , should , had better , must употребляется без частицы to . Инфинитив, следующий за модальными глаголами have , have got , ought, употребляется с частицей to.

 

Модальные глаголы	Функции	Примеры
Can, could	Выражают возможность или способность совершить действие	I can swim. (Я могу (умею) плавать.) My grandfather couldn’ t swim. (Мой дедушка не мог (не умел) плавать.)
May, might	Выражают возможность совершить действие	He may (might) come to my place. (Он может прийти ко мне.)
May, can	Выражают разрешение совершить действие	You can (may) use my telephone if you want. (Вы можете воспользоваться моим телефоном, если хотите.)
Must	Выражает осознанную говорящим необходимость совершить действие	I must visit my grandmother. I haven’t seen her for ages. (Я должен побывать у бабушки. Я сто лет ее не видел.)
Must not	Выражает запрещение совершать действие	You must not (mustn’t) tell anybody about it. (Ты не должен никому об этом рассказывать.)
Have to	Выражает необходимость совершить действие в силу определенных обстоятельств	I have so much to do. I have to work late every day. (У меня так много работы. Мне приходится (я должен) работать допоздна каждый день.)
Should	Выражает совет совершить действие	You should not (shouldn’t) work so hard. (Тебе не следует так усиленно работать.)
Needn’t	Выражает отсутствие необходимости совершать действие	You needn’ t apologize. (Вам не надо извиняться.)
Shall	Выражает обязанность или обязательство совершать действие в силу установленных законов или договоренностей	Every citizen shall have the right to use his or her native language. (an article from a constitution) Каждый гражданин должен иметь право использовать свой родной язык.) (статья из конституции)

Task 3. Вставьте модальные глаголы may ( might ) или can ( could ).

1. …you help me?

2. I … not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy.

3. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it.

4. A fool … ask more questions than a wise man … answer.

5. She asked me if she … use my telephone.

6. … I use your pen?

7. … I find a pen on that table?

8. You … read this book: you know the language well enough.

9. You … take this book: I don’t need it.

10.  … I help you?

 

 

Task 4. Вставьте модальные глаголы can , may , must или need .

1. Peter … return the book to the library. We all want to read it.

2. Why … not you understand it? It is so easy.

3. … we do the exercise at once? – Yes, you … do it at once.

4. … you pronounce this sound?

5. You … not have bought this meat: we have everything for dinner.

6. I … not go out today: it is too cold.

7. … I take your pen? – Yes, please.

8. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy.

9. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it.

   

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