Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Модальный глагол	Эквивалент
1) can – мочь, уметь (физическая или умственная способность) I can speak English (Present). I could speak English (Past).	a) to be able to – мочь, быть в состоянии (употребляется во всех временах) I am able to speak English. I was able to speak English. I’ll be able to speak English.
2) may – мочь (разрешение, вероятность) May I take your book ? He may come at 6. Might – прошедшая форма.   3) must – должен (употребляется только в настоящем времени) I must finish this work today.	a) to be allowed to – мочь, иметь разрешение (употребляется во всех временах) I was not allowed to go there – мне не разрешили пойти туда.     a) hаve to – должен, быть вынужденным, приходиться (в силу обстоятельств), (употребляется во всех временах) They had to leave. – Им пришлось уйти. б) to be to – должен (в силу договоренности или плана), (употребляется в настоящем и прошедшем времени) I am to finish this work today – Я должен закончить эту работу сегодня. в) should, ought to – должен, следует, не мешало бы (в виде совета), (употребляется только в прошедшем времени) You should stay in bed if you are ill. – Тебе следует оставаться в постели, если ты болен.

 

Контрольное задание 2

Для правильного выполнения задания № 2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола: активный и пассивный залог времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle) и Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.

Образец выполнения № 1

1) Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy. – Сегодня ученые все ещё ищут вещество в качестве                                       источника энергии.

Are looking – Present Continuous Active.

2) The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors. – На интенсивность этого процесса влияют много факторов.

Is influenced – Present Indefinite Passive.

Образец выполнения № 2

Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing. – Нейлон был первым синтетическим волокном, используемым в одежде.

Used – Participle II, определение.

Образец выполнения № 3

These metal parts had to be subjected to X-ray examination. – Эти металлические детали пришлось подвергнуть рентгеновскому исследованию.

Had to – эквивалент модального глагола must.

Вариант I

Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог.

1. Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations.

2. Every day students usually have seven periods which last 50-55, sometimes 45 minutes.

3. The students have spent a lot to time participating in various activities.

4. The text was being translated all the evening yesterday.

Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них Participle I и Participle II и установите их функции в предложении – определение, обстоятельство или часть глагола – сказуемого.

1. Students can be educated not only for academic professions, but also for technical professions.

2. When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.

3. The Blue Room in the white house is an oval-shaped room connecting the Green and the Red Rooms.

Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

1. Making friends can be difficult in American schools, as the same group of students does not attend all the classes together.

2. Parents have to pay the sum equivalent to the school tax directly to the school the child goes to.

3. Soon we shall be able to understand many phenomena which occur on the solar surface.

4. This mixture is to be heated before the experiment.

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometers. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-boarder with Russia.

The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia, a special federal Area where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is more than 270 million.

If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska.

America’s largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.

The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part is continental. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It’s the world’s leading producer of copper and oil and the world’s second producer of iron ore and coal. Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, armaments, furniture and paper.

Though mainly European and African in origin, Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including Chinese and native Americans.

The largest cities are: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Washington and others.

The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own government.

The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, DC. According to the US Constitution the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the judicial. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic, though there’s hardly any difference between their political lines.

Вариант II

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