EX.1. LEARN THE WORDS «FIRST AID»
1. first aid первая помощь
2. to save спасать
3. injured пострадавший
4. method метод
5. accident несчастный случай
6. calm спокойный
7. to act действовать , поступок
8. panic паника
9. to mean значить , подразумевать
10. soul душа
EX.2 READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT «FIRST AID»
TEXT: FIRST AID
First Aid
Everybody must know how to give the first aid. The first aid saves many lives. The first aid is the help which you give to an injured person. You must know different methods of helping in accidents. When you give the first aid you must be calm and act without panic. Remember: «SOS» means «Save our souls».
Bruise
| When you fall on your knee you get a bruise on it. The bruised place looks red and swellen at first. If there is a scratch on your knee put iodine on it. If your knee hurts you very much, take some cloth, wet it in cold water and put it on the bruise. It will relieve the pain. If the bruise was very bad you must consult a doctor.
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Bleeding
| When the blood flows from an artery it is scarlet. When the blood flows from a vein it is dark red. Stop the bleeding as soon as possible. The simple method is to put clean cloth over the wound and bandage it tightly. If the bleeding is from an arm or leg raise the limb. If a person has nosebleed after a bad bruise you must put a cold compress on the nose. The person must breath through his mouth. In severe cases doctors make blood transfusions.
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Fractures
| The word fracture means a break in a bone. There are two kinds of fractures: closed and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. Open fraсtures are more serious than closed ones. If a person breaks his arm or the leg he complains of pain in the place of the break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move. Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the brocken limb. Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of fracture. Doctors use X –rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.
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Fainting
| The cause of fainting may be different^ strong emotion, want of food, fatigue or pain/ In fainting a person loses consciousness. Blood does not get to the brain. The face of a person before fainting gets very pale and sweat appears on his forehead. He feels dizzy and weak. His breathing is shallow. His pulse is weak and slow. If you help a person who lost his consciousness: 1. Lay the person flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet a little.
3.Loose his dress.
4. Cover him warmly and open the window.
5. Sprinkle cold water on his face.
6. Give the person to breath in ammonia water.
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Shock
| Shock is dangerous. Loss of blood can cause shock. Severe pain or strong emotion can cause shock too. The face of a person in shock is usually pale and the skin is cold. Breathing is rapid and shallow. The pulse is rapid. If you help a person who is in shock: 1. Lay him flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet little.
3.Cover him with blankets to keep him warm.
4.Give him a warm drink.
5. Keep him quiet.
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Poisoning
| The first aid for poisoning is to empty the stomach. Do it as soon as possible. Give much water to drink – 4-8 glasses. Some poisons cause shock, others – asphyxia. In every case the patient needs prompt medical care.
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Sunstroke
| It is very dangerous to fall asleep in the open air when the sun is hot or to be in the hot sun for a long time without a hat. You may get a sunstroke. When a person has a sunstroke, he has a high temperature. His skin is very hot, dry and red. He has a bad headache and can even lose consciousness. If you help a person who has a sunstroke: 1. Take the patient into a cool and shady place.
2. Put him on his back.
3. Raise his head and shoulders a little.
4. Put cold cloth on his head.
5. Cool his body with cold water.
6. Rub his skin with a sponge to keep up blood circulation.
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UNIT 21
ТЕМА 21: РАБОТА МЕДСЕСТРЫ В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ОТДЕЛЕНИИ
