Leeds (The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

This is a Green Building Rating System that accelerates and encourages worldwide adoption of green buildings in addition to development practices via the implementation and creation of universally accepted and understood performance criteria and tools.

LEED is third-party program of certification and a globally acknowledged benchmark for operation, construction and design of high performance green structures. It gives building operators and owners the tools they require to achieve a measurable and immediate impact on the performance of their buildings. LEED upholds a complete-building approach towards sustainability through performance recognition in five core areas of environmental and human health; indoor environmental quality, materials selection, energy efficiency, water efficiency and suitable site development. Prerequisites and credits are structured in the five categories. Another category, that focuses on design (or operational), exemplary performance, concentrates on sustainable building expertise and innovation measures that are not covered within the five environmental classifications. Some systems of rating are inclusive of more relevant categories. For instance, LEED Canada for Homes has included Awareness and Education category and a Location and Linkages category.

Certification is founded on the overall points scored, subsequent to an independent review. Through four possible certification levels, (platinum, gold, silver and certified), LEED has the flexibility and capacity to contain a vast range of green building approaches that best suit the goals and constraints of specific projects.

This system is customized particularly for climates in Canada, regulations and construction practices. The systems of rating are tailored to the market in Canada via an all-encompassing process that employs experts and stakeholders representing the diverse sectors of industries in Canada.

 

Reducing environmental Impact

The first rule of thumb during construction is to avoid sprawl building that is, distribution in anarchic fashion). It does not matter if an individual uses grass for roof or how many windows that are energy efficient he or she uses, but if he/she builds in sprawl, it will not serve the purpose. Buildings occupy the largest amount of land especially in the United States. The buildings in the globe are currently responsible for consuming over 40% of the globe’s overall primary energy in addition to being responsible for 24% of worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide.

                                                                                                                       

Goals of green building

Sustainable development concepts can be said to have first surfaced in the 1970s, owing to pollution of the environment concerns and energy (more so fossil oil) crisis. The movement of green building therefore began from the desire and need for extra environmentally friendly and energy efficient construction practices. There are several intentions of going green, including social, economic and environmental benefits. Nonetheless, contemporary sustainability programmes advocate for a synergistic and integrated design to both novel construction in addition to retrofitting of structures that exist. This technique incorporates the life-cycle of the building with every green practice used alongside a design-purpose to form a synergy among the practices used.

Green building is a collection of a wide scope of skill, techniques and practices to decrease and eventually eradicate the impacts of structures on human health and the environment. It frequently highlights maximising on renewable resources, for example, using sunlight via photovoltaic techniques, active solar and passive solar and using trees and plants via rain gardens, green roofs and for cutting back run-off from rain water. Many other approaches, such as use of wood as a construction material, permeable concrete or packed gravel in place of asphalt or convectional concrete to catalyze ground water replenishment, are employed as well.

While the technologies, or practices, used in green building are continuously developing and might vary from area to area, there are essential persisting principles from which the method is derived: Waste and Toxics Reduction, Operations and Maintenance Optimization, Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement, Materials Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, and Siting and Structure Design Efficiency. The essence of green structures is optimizing one or several of these principles. Moreover, with the appropriate synergistic design, individual technologies of green buildings might work collectively to generate a larger cumulative effect.                                                                

On the artistic side of sustainable design or green architecture is the belief of coming up with a design that is in concord with the resources and natural resources and features enveloping the site. There are a number of essential steps in the design of sustainable buildings: identify green building materials locally, decrease loads, optimize systems, and produce renewable energy on site.

                                                                            

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

This assists in evading a tapered outlook on economic, social and environmental concerns through appraising a full scope of impacts connected with every phase of a process from the beginning to the end (i.e., from extracting raw materials via manufacture, materials processing, recycling or disposal, maintenance and repair, use and distribution). Impacts that are considered include waste, water pollution, air pollution, resource use, global warming potential and embodied energy.  

In regard to green building, the recent years have witnessed a shift from an approach that is prescriptive, which presumes that particular practices that are prescribed are healthier for the environment, toward the systematic appraisal of actual performance via LCA.  

While LCA is extensively acknowledged as the best approach to appraise building environmental buildings (a recognized LCA methodology is provided by ISO 14040), it is yet to be a constant requirement of green structures rating codes and systems, in spite of the reality that other life cycle impacts and embodied energy are crucial to the design of environmentally conscious buildings.  

In Canada, LCA is a pilot credit within the LEED system; although a verdict has not been made concerning if it will be integrated wholly into the subsequent major revision. Design professions are of the opinion that LCA is time consuming and overly complex but research organizations are working on making it more accessible.

                                                  

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