THE LANGUAGES AND PEOPLES OF THE THIRD AGE

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The language represented in this history by English was the Westron or ‘Common Speech’ of the West-lands of Middle-earth in the Third Age. In the course of that age it had become the native language of nearly all the speaking-peoples (save the Elves) who dwelt within the bounds of the old kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor; that is along all the coasts from Umbar northwards to the Bay of Forochel, and inland as far as the Misty Mountains and the Ephel Duath. It had also spread north up the Anduin, occupying the lands west of the River and east of the mountains as far as the Gladden Fields.

At the time of the War of the Ring at the end of the age these were still its bounds as a native tongue, though large parts of Eriador were now deserted, and few Men dwelt on the shore of the Anduin between the Gladden and Rauros. A few of the ancient Wild Men still lurked in the Druadan Forest in Andrien; and in the hills of Dunland a remnant lingered of an old people, the former inhabitants of much of Gondor. These clung to their own languages; while in the plains of Rohan there dwelt now a Northern people, the Rohirrim, who had come into that land some five hundred years earlier. But the Westron was used as a second language of intercourse by all those who still retained a speech of their own, even by the Elves, not only in Arnor and Gondor but throughout the vales of Anduin, and eastward to the further eaves of Mirkwood. Even among the Wild Men and the Dunlandings, who shunned other folk, there were some that could speak it, though brokenly.

OF THE ELVES

The Elves far back in the Elder Days became divided into two main branches: the West-elves (the Eldar) and the East-elves. Of the latter kind were most of the elven-folk of Mirkwood and Lorien; but their languages do not appear in this history, in which all the Elvish names and words are of Eldarin form.In Lorien at this period Sindarin was spoken, though with an ‘accent’, since most of its folk were of Silvan origin. This ‘accent’ and his own limited acquaintance with Sindarin misled Frodo. But Lorien, Caras Galadhon, Amroth, Nimrodel are probably of Silvan origin, adapted to Sindarin.

Of the Eldarin tongues two are found in this book: the High-elven or Quenya, the Grey-elven or Sindarin. The High-elven was an ancient tongue of Eldamar beyond the Sea, the first to be recorded in writing. It was no longer a birth-tongue but had become, as it were, an ‘Elven-latin’, still used for ceremony, and for high matters of lore and song, by the High Elves, who had returned in exile to Middle-earth at the end of the First Age.

The Grey-elven was in origin akin to Quenya; for it was the language of those Eldar who, coming to the shores of Middle-earth, had not passed over the Sea but had lingered on the coasts in the country of Beleriand. There Thingol Greycloak of Doriath was their king, and in the long twilight their tongue had changed with the change-fulness of mortal lands and had become far estranged from the speech of the Eldar from beyond the Sea. The Exiles, dwelling among the more numerous Grey-elves, had adopted the Sindarin for daily use: and hence it was the tongue of all those Elves and Elf-lords that appear in The Lord of the Rings. For these were all of Eldarin race, even where the folk that they ruled were of the lesser kindreds. Noblest of all was the Lady Galadriel of the royal house of Finarfin and sister of Finrod Felagund, King of Nargothrond. In the hearts of the Exiles the yearning for the Sea was an unquiet never to be stilled; in the hearts of the Grey-elves it slumbered, but once awakened it could not be appeased.

OF MEN

The Westron was a Mannish speech, though enriched and softened under Elvish influence. It was in origin the language of those whom the Eldar called the Atani or Edain, ‘Fathers of Men’, being especially the people of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends who came west into Beleriand in the First Age, and aided the Eldar in the War of the Great Jewels against the Dark Power of the North.

After the overthrow of the Dark Power, in which Beleriand was for the most part drowned or broken, it was granted as a reward to the Elf-friends that they also, as the Eldar, might pass west over Sea. But since the Undying Realm was forbidden to them, a great isle was set apart for them, most westerly of all mortal lands. The name of that isle was Numenor (Westernesse). Most of the Elf-friends, therefore, departed and dwelt in Numenor, and there they became great and powerful, mariners of renown and lords of many ships. They were fair of face and tall, and the span of their lives was thrice that of the Men of Middle-earth. These were the Numenoreans, the Kings of Men, whom the Elves called the Dunedain.

The Dtinedain alone of all races of Men knew and spoke an Elvish tongue; for their forefathers had learned the Sindarin tongue, and this they handed on to their children as a matter of lore, changing little with the passing of the years. And their men of wisdom learned also the High-elven Quenya and esteemed it above all other tongues, and, in it they made names for many places of fame and reverence, and for many men of royalty and great renown. Quenya, for example, are the names Numenor (or in full Numendre), and Elendil, Isildur, and Andrion, and all the royal names of Gondor, including Elessar, ‘Elfstone’. Most of the names of the other men and women of the Dunedain, such as Aragorn, Denethor, Gilraen are of Sindarin form, being often the names of Elves or Men remembered in the songs and histories of the First Age (as Beren, Hurin). Some few are of mixed forms, as Boromir.

But the native speech of the Numenoreans remained for the most part their ancestral Mannish tongue, the Adunaic, and to this in the latter days of their pride their kings and lords returned, abandoning the Elven-speech, save only those few that held still to their ancient friendship with the Eldar. In the years of their power the Numenoreans had maintained many forts and havens upon the western coasts of Middle-earth for the help of their ships; and one of the chief of these was at Pelargir near the Mouths of Anduin. There Adunaic was spoken, and mingled with many words of the languages of lesser men it became a Common Speech that spread thence along the coasts among all that had dealings with Westernesse.

After the Downfall of Numenor, Elendil led the survivors of the Elf-friends back to the North-western shores of Middle-earth. There many already dwelt who were in whole or part of Numenorean blood; but few of them remembered the Elvish speech. All told the Dunedain were thus from the beginning far fewer in number than the lesser men among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled, being lords of long life and great power and wisdom. They used therefore the Common Speech in their dealing with other folk and in the government of their wide realms; but they enlarged the language and enriched it with many words drawn from the Elven-tongues. In the days of the Numenorean kings this ennobled Westron speech spread far and wide, even among their enemies; and it became used more and more by the Dunedain themselves, so that at the time of the War of the Ring the Elven-tongue was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor, and spoken daily by fewer. These dwelt mostly in Minas Tirith and the townlands adjacent, and in the land of the tributary princes of Dol Amroth. Yet the names of nearly all places and persons in the realm of Gondor were of Elvish form and meaning. A few were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from days before the ships of the Numenoreans sailed the Sea; among these were Umbar, Arnach and Erech: and the mountain-names Eilenach and Rimmon.

Most of the Men of the northern regions of the West-lands were descended from the Edain of the First Age, or from their close kin. Their languages were, therefore, related to the Adunaic, and some still preserved a likeness to the Common Speech. Of this kind were the peoples of the upper vales of Anduin: the Beornings, and the Woodmen of Western Mirkwood; and further north and east the Men of the Long Lake and of Dale. From the lands between the Gladden and the Carrock came the folk that were known in Gondor as the Rohirrim, Masters of Horses. They still spoke their ancestral tongue, and gave new names in it to nearly all the places in their new country: and they called themselves the Eorlings, or the Men of the Riddermark. But the lords of that people used the Common Speech freely, and spoke it nobly after the manner of their allies in Gondor; for in Gondor whence it came the Westron kept still a more gracious and antique style.

Wholly alien was the speech of the Wild Men of Druadan Forest. Alien too, or only remotely akin, was the language of the Dunlandings. These were a remnant of the peoples that had dwelt in the vales of the White Mountains in ages past. The Dead Men of Dunharrow were of their kin. But in the Dark Years others had removed to the southern dales of the Misty Mountains; and thence some had passed into the empty lands as far north as the Barrow-downs. From them came the Men of Bree; but long before these had become subjects of the North Kingdom of Arnor and had taken up the Westron tongue. Only in Dunland did Men of this race hold to their old speech and manners: a secret folk, unfriendly to the Dunedain, hating the Rohirrim. Dunland and Dunlending are the names that the Rohirrim gave to them, because they were swarthy and dark-haired; there is thus no connexion between the word dunn in these names and the Grey-elven word Dun, ‘west’.

OF HOBBITS

The Hobbits of the Shire and of Bree had at this time, for probably a thousand years, adopted the Common Speech. They used it in their own manner freely and carelessly; though the more learned among them had still at their command a more formal language when occasion required. There is no record of any language peculiar to Hobbits. In ancient days they seem always to have used the languages of Men near whom, or among whom, they lived. Thus they quickly adopted the Common Speech after they entered Eriador, and by the time of their settlement at Bree they had already begun to forget their former tongue. This was evidently a Mannish language of the upper Anduin, akin to that of the Rohirrim; though the southern Stoors appear to have adopted a language related to Dunlendish before they came north to the Shire.

Of these things in the time of Frodo there were still some traces left in local words and names, many of which closely resembled those found in Dale or in Rohan. Most notable were the names of days, months, and seasons; several other words of the same sort (such as mathom and smial) were also still in common use, while more were preserved in the place-names of Bree and the Shire. The personal names of the Hobbits were also peculiar and many had come down from ancient days.

Hobbit was the name usually applied by the Shire-folk to all their kind. Men called them Halflings and the Elves Periannath. The origin of the word hobbit was by most forgotten. It seems, however, to have been at first a name given to the Harfoots by the Fallohides and Stoors, and to be a worn-down form of a word preserved more fully in Rohan: holbytla, ‘hole-builder’.

OF OTHER RACES

Ents. The most ancient people surviving in the Third Age were the Onodrim or Enyd. Ent was the form of their name in the language of Rohan. They were known to the Eldar in ancient days, and to the Eldar indeed the Ents ascribed not their own language but the desire for speech. The language that they had made was unlike all others: slow, sonorous, agglomerated, repetitive, indeed long-winded; formed of a multiplicity of vowel-shades and distinctions of tone and quantity which even the lore-masters of the Eldar had not attempted to represent in writing. They used it only among themselves; but they had no need to keep it secret, for no others could learn it. Ents were, however, themselves skilled in tongues, learning them swiftly and never forgetting them. But they preferred the languages of the Eldar, and loved best the ancient High-elven tongue. The strange words and names that the Hobbits record as used by Treebeard and other Ents are thus Elvish, or fragments of Elf-speech strung together in Ent-fashion. Some are Quenya: as Taureli-lomea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea Lomeanor, which may be rendered – ‘Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland’, and by which Treebeard meant, more or less: ‘there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest’. Some are Sindarin: as Fangorn, ‘beard-(of)-tree’, or Fimbrethil, ‘slender-beech’.

Orcs and the Black Speech. Orc is the form of the name that other races had for this foul people as it was in the language of Rohan. In Sindarin it was orch. Related, no doubt, was the word uruk of the Black Speech, though this was applied as a rule only to the great soldier-orcs that at this time issued from Mordor and Isengard. The lesser kinds were called, especially by the Uruk-hai, snaga, ‘slave’. The Orcs were first bred by the Dark Power of the North in the Elder Days. It is said that they had no language of their own, but took what they could of other tongues and perverted it to their own liking; yet they made only brutal jargons, scarcely sufficient even for their own needs, unless it were for curses and abuse. And these creatures, being filled with malice, hating even their own kind, quickly developed as many barbarous dialects as there were groups or settlements of their race, so that their Orkish speech was of little use to them in intercourse between different tribes.

So it was that in the Third Age Orcs used for communication between breed and breed the Westron tongue; and many indeed of the older tribes, such as those that still lingered in the North and in the Misty Mountains, had long used the Westron as their native language, though in such a fashion as to make it hardly less unlovely than Orkish. In this jargon tark, ‘man of Gondor’, was a debased form of tarkil, a Quenya word used in Westron for one of Numenorean descent.

It is said that the Black Speech was devised by Sauron in the Dark Years, and that he had desired to make it the language of all those that served him, but he failed in that purpose. From the Black Speech, however, were derived many of the words that were in the Third Age widespread among the Orcs, such as ghash, ‘fire’, but after the first overthrow of Sauron this language in its ancient form was forgotten by all but the Nazgul. When Sauron arose again, it became once more the language of Barad-dur and of the captains of Mordor. The inscription on the Ring was in the ancient Black Speech.

Trolls. Troll has been used to translate the Sindarin Torog. In their beginning far back in the twilight of the Elder Days, these were creatures of dull and lumpish nature and had no more language than beasts. But Sauron had made use of them, teaching them what little they could learn, and increasing their wits with wickedness. Trolls therefore took such language as they could master from the Orcs; and in the Westlands the Stone-trolls spoke a debased form of the Common Speech. But at the end of the Third Age a troll-race not before seen appeared in southern Mirkwood and in the mountain borders of Mordor. Olog-hai they were called in the Black Speech. That Sauron bred them none doubted, though from what stock was not known. Some held that they were not Trolls but giant Orcs; but the Olog-hai were in fashion of body and mind quite unlike even the largest of Orc-kind, whom they far surpassed in size and power. Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race, strong, agile, fierce and cunning, but harder than stone. Unlike the older race of the Twilight they could endure the Sun, so long as the will of Sauron held sway over them. They spoke little, and the only tongue that they knew was the Black Speech of Barad-dur.

Dwarves. The Dwarves are a race apart. Of their strange beginning, and why they are both like and unlike Elves and Men, the Silmarillion tells; but of this tale the lesser Elves of Middle-earth had no knowledge, while the tales of later Men are confused with memories of other races.

They are a tough, thrawn race for the most part, secretive, laborious, retentive of the memory of injuries (and of benefits), lovers of stone, of gems, of things that take shape under the hands of the craftsmen rather than things that live by their own life. But they are not evil by nature, and few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged. For Men of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between the races. But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should use the languages of men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which unlike the Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue, changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young: ‘Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimenu!’ ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’ Gimli’s own name, however, and the names of all his kin, are of Northern (Mannish) origin. Their own secret and ‘inner’ names, their true names, the Dwarves have never revealed to any one of alien race. Not even on their tombs do they inscribe them.

APPENDIX E

LIST OF NAMES

Since the number of names in the book is very large, this list provides a short statement concerning each person and place. These statements are not epitomes of all that is said in the text, and for most of the central figures in the narrative are kept extremely brief. The English renderings are given separate headings, but only with a simple direction to the main entry, and only if they occur independently. Words in inverted commas are translations; many of these occur in the text (as Tol Eressea, ‘the Lonely Isle’), but I have added a great many others. Information about some names that are not translated in the text is contained in this Appendix.

Adanedhel	‘Elf-Man’, name given to Túrin in Nargothrond.
Adunakhôr	‘Lord of the West’, name taken by the nineteenth King of Númenor, the first to do so in the Adûnaic (Númenórean) tongue; his name in Quenya was Herunúmen.
Adurant	The sixth and most southerly of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. The name means ‘double stream’, referring to its divided course about the island of Tol Galen.
Aeglos	‘Snow-point’, the spear of Gil-galad.
Aegnor	The fourth son of Finarfin, who with his brother Angrod held the northern slopes of Dorthonion; slain in the Dagor Bragollach. The name means ‘Fell Fire’.
Aelin-uial	‘Meres of Twilight’, where Aros flowed into Sirion.
Aerandir	‘Sea-wanderer’, one of the three mariners who accompanied Eärendil on his voyages.
Aerin	A kinswoman of Húrin in Dor-lómin; taken as wife by Brodda the Easterling; aided Morwen after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Aftercomers	The Younger Children of Ilúvatar, Men; translation of Hildor.
Agarwaen	‘Blood-stained’, name given to himself by Túrin when he came to Nargothrond.
Aglarond	‘The Glittering Cavern’ of Helm’s Deep in Ered Nimrais.
Aglon	‘The Narrow Pass’, between Dorthonion and the heights to the west of Himring.
Ainulindalë	‘The Music of the Ainur’, also called The (Great) Music, The (Great) Song. Also the name of the account of Creation said to have been composed by Rúmil of Tirion in the Elder Days.
Ainur	‘The Holy Ones’ (singular Ainu), the first beings created by Ilúvatar, the ‘order’ of the Valar and Maiar, made before Eä.
Akallabêth	‘The Downfallen’, Adûnaic (Númenórean) word equivalent in meaning to Quenya Atalantë. Also the title of the account of the Downfall of Númenor.
Alcarinquë	‘The Glorious’, name of a star.
Alcarondas	The great ship of Ar-Pharazôn in which he sailed to Aman.
Aldaron	‘Lord of Trees’, a Quenya name of the Vala Oromë; cf. Tauron.
Aldudénië	‘Lament for the Two Trees’, made by a Vanyarin Elf named Elemmírë.
Almaren	The first abode of the Valar in Arda, before the second onslaught of Melkor: an isle in a great lake in the midst of Middle-earth.
Alqualondë	‘Haven of the Swans’, the chief city and haven of the Teleri on the shores of Aman.
Aman	‘Blessed, free from evil’, the name of the land in the West, beyond the Great Sea, in which the Valar dwelt after they had left the Isle of Almaren. Often referred to as the Blessed Realm.
Amandil	‘Lover of Aman’; the last lord of Andúnië in Númenor, descendant of Elros and father of Elendil; set out on a voyage to Valinor and did not return.
Amarië	Vanyarin Elf, beloved of Finrod Felagund, who remained in Valinor.
Amlach	Son of Imlach son of Marach; a leader of dissension among the Men of Estolad who, repenting, took service with Maedhros.
Amon Amarth	‘Mount Doom’, the name given to Orodruin when its fires awoke again after Sauron’s return from Númenor.
Amon Ereb	‘The Lonely Hill’ (also simply Ereb), between Ramdal and the river Gelion in East Beleriand.
Amon Ethir	‘The Hill of Spies’, raised by Finrod Felagund to the east of the doors of Nargothrond.
Amon Gwareth	The hill upon which Gondolin was built, in the midst of the plain of Tumladen.
Amon Obel	A hill in the midst of the Forest of Brethil, on which was built Ephel Brandir.
Amon Rûdh	‘The Bald Hill’, a lonely height in the lands south of Brethil; abode of Mîm, and lair of Túrin’s outlaw band.
Amon Sûl	‘Hill of the Wind’, in the Kingdom of Arnor (‘Weathertop’ in The Lord of the Rings).
Amon Uilos	Sindarin name of Oiolossë.
Amras	Twin-brother of Amrod, youngest of the sons of Fëanor; slain with Amrod in the attack on Eärendil’s people at the Mouths of Sirion.
Anach	Pass leading down from Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion) at the western end of Ered Gorgoroth.
Anadûnë	‘Westernesse’: name of Númenor in the Adûnaic (Númenórean) tongue.
Anar	Quenya name of the Sun.
Anárion	Younger son of Elendil, who with his father and his brother Isildur escaped from the Drowning of Númenor and founded in Middle-earth the Númenórean realms in exile; lord of Minas Anor; slain in the siege of Barad-dûr.
Anarríma	Name of a constellation.
Ancalagon	Greatest of the winged dragons of Morgoth, destroyed by Eärendil.
Andor	‘The Land of Gift’: Númenor.
Andram	‘The Long Wall’, name of the dividing fall running across Beleriand.
Androth	Caves in the bills of Mithrim where Tuor was fostered by the Grey-elves.
Anduin	‘The Long River’, east of the Misty Mountains; referred to also as the Great River and the River.
Andúnië	City and haven on the west coast of Númenor.
Anfauglir	A name of the wolf Carcharoth, translated in the text as ‘Jaws of Thirst’.
Anfauglith	Name of the plain of Ard-galen after its desolation by Morgoth in the Battle of Sudden Flame; translated in the text as ‘the Gasping Dust’.
Angainor	The chain wrought by Aulë with which Melkor was twice bound.
Angband	‘Iron Prison, Hall of Iron’, the great dungeon-fortress of Morgoth in the Northwest of Middle-earth.
Anghabar	‘Iron-delvings’, a mine in the Encircling Mountains about the plain of Gondolin.
Anglachel	The sword made from meteoric iron that Thingol received from Eöl and which he gave to Beleg; after its reforging for Túrin named Gurthang.
Angrenost	‘Iron Fortress’, Númenórean fortress on the west borders of Gondor, afterwards inhabited by the wizard Curunír (Saruman); see Isengard.
Angrim	Father of Gorlim the Unhappy.
Angrist	Iron-cleaver’, the knife made by Telchar of Nogrod, taken from Curufin by Beren and used by him to cut the Silmaril from Morgoth’s crown.
Angrod	The third son of Finarfin, who with his brother Aegnor held the northern slopes of Dorthonion; slain in the Dagor Bragollach.
Anguirel	Eöl’s sword, made of the same metal as Anglachel.
Annael	Grey-elf of Mithrim, fosterfather of Tuor.
Annatar	‘Lord of Gifts’, name given to himself by Sauron in the Second Age, in that time when he appeared in a fair form among the Eldar who remained in Middle-earth.
Annon-in-Gelydh	‘Gate of the Noldor’, entrance to a subterranean watercourse in the western hills of Dor-lómin, leading to Cirith Ninniach.
Annúminas	‘Tower of the West’ (i.e. of Westernesse, Númenor); city of the Kings of Arnor beside Lake Nenuial.
Apanónar	‘The Afterborn’, an Elvish name for Men.
Aradan	Sindarin name of Malach, son of Marach.
Aragorn	The thirty-ninth Heir of Isildur in the direct line; King of the reunited realms of Arnor and Gondor after the War of the Ring; wedded Arwen, daughter of Elrond. Called the Heir of Isildur.
Araman	Barren wasteland on the coast of Aman, between the Pelóri and the Sea, extending northward to the Helcaraxë.
Aranel	Name of Dior, Thingol’s Heir.
Aranrúth	‘King’s Ire’, the name of Thingol’s sword. Aranrúth survived the ruin of Doriath and was possessed by the Kings of Númenor.
Aratan	Second son of Isildur, slain with him at the Gladden Fields.
Aratar	‘The Exalted’, the eight Valar of greatest power.
Arda	‘The Realm’, name of the Earth as the Kingdom of Manwë.
Ard-galen	The great grassy plain north of Dorthonion, called after its desolation Anfauglith and Dor-nu-Fauglith. The name means ‘the Green Region’.
Aredhel	‘Noble Elf’, the sister of Turgon of Gondolin, who was ensnared by Eöl in Nan Elmoth and bore to him Maeglin; called also Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady of the Noldor, the White Lady of Gondolin.
Ar-Gimilzôr	Twenty-second King of Númenor, persecutor of the Elendili.
Argonath	‘King-stones’, the Pillars of the Kings, great carvings of Isildur and Anárion on the Anduin at the entrance to the northern bounds of Gondor.
Arien	A Maia, chosen by the Valar to guide the vessel of the Sun.
Armenelos	City of the Kings in Númenor.
Arnor	‘Land of the King’, the northern realm of the Númenóreans in Middle-earth, established by Elendil after his escape from the Drowning of Númenor.
Aros	The southern river of Doriath.
Arossiach	The Fords of Aros, near the north-eastern edge of Doriath.
Ar-Pharazôn	‘The Golden’, twenty-fourth and last King of Númenor; named in Quenya Tar- Calion; captor of Sauron, by whom he was seduced; commander of the great fleet that went against Aman.
Arthad	One of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion.
Arvernien	The coastlands of Middle-earth west of Sirion’s mouths. Cf. Bilbo’s song at Rivendell: “Eärendil was a mariner that tarried in Arvernien…”
Ascar	The most northerly of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand (afterwards called Rathlóriel). The name means ‘rushing, impetuous’.
Astaldo	‘The Valiant’, name of the Vala Tulkas.
Atalantë	‘The Downfallen’. Quenya word equivalent in meaning to Akallabêth.
Atanatári	‘Fathers of Men’; see Atani.
Atani	‘The Second People’, Men (singular Atan). Since in Beleriand for a long time the only Men known to the Noldor and Sindar were those of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends, this name (in the Sindarin form Adan, plural Edain) became specially associated with them, so that it was seldom applied to other Men who came later to Beleriand, or who were reported to be dwelling beyond the Mountains. But in the speech of Ilúvatar the meaning is ‘Men (in general)’.
Aulë	A Vala, one of the Aratar, the smith and master of crafts, spouse of Yavanna.
Avallónë	Haven and city of the Eldar on Tol Eressëa, so named, according to the Akallabêth, ‘for it is of all cities the nearest to Valinor’.
Avari	‘The Unwilling, the Refusers’, the name given to all those Elves who refused to join the westward march from Cuiviénen. See Eldar and Dark Elves.
Avathar	‘The Shadows’, the forsaken land on the coast of Aman south of the Bay of Eldamar, between the Pelóri and the Sea, where Melkor met Ungoliant.
Azaghâl	Lord of the Dwarves of Belegost; wounded Glaurung in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and was killed by him.

Balan	The name of Bëor the Old before he took service with Finrod.
Balar	The great bay to the south of Beleriand into which the river Sirion flowed. Also the isle in the bay, said to have been the eastern horn of Tol Eressëa that broke away, where Círdan and Gil-galad dwelt after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Balrog	‘Demon of Might’, Sindarin form (Quenya Valarauko) of the name of the demons of fire that served Morgoth.
Barad-dûr	‘The Dark Tower’ of Sauron in Mordor.
Barad Eithel	‘Tower of the Well’, the fortress of the Noldor at Eithel Sirion.
Barad Nimras	‘White Horn Tower’, raised by Finrod Felagund on the cape west of Eglarest.
Baragund	Father of Morwen the wife of Húrin; nephew of Barahir and one of his twelve companions on Dorthonion.
Barahir	Father of Beren; rescued Finrod Felagund in the Dagor Bragollach, and received from him his ring; slain on Dorthonion. For the later history of the ring of Barahir, which became an heirloom of the House of Isildur, see The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A.
Baranduin	‘The Brown River’ in Eriador, flowing into the Sea south of the Blue Mountains; the Brandywine of the Shire in The Lord of the Rings.
Bar-en-Danwedh	‘House of Ransom’, the name that Mîm the Dwarf gave to his dwelling on Amon Rûdh when he yielded it to Túrin.
Battles of Beleriand	The first battle. The second battle (the Battle-under-Stars): see Dagor-nuin- Giliath. The third battle (the Glorious Battle): see Dagor Aglareb. The fourth battle (the Battle of Sudden Flame): see Dagor Bragollach. The fifth battle (Unnumbered Tears): see Nirnaeth Arnoediad. The Great Battle.
Bauglir	A name of Morgoth: ‘the Constrainer’.
Beleg	A great archer and chief of the marchwardens of Doriath; called Cúthalion, ‘Strongbow’; friend and companion of Túrin, by whom he was slain.
Belegaer	‘The Great Sea’ of the West, between Middle-earth and Aman. Named Belegaer, but very frequently called the (Great) Sea, also the Western Sea and the Great Water.
Belegost	‘Great Fortress’, one of the two cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains; translation into Sindarin of Dwarvish Gabilgathol. See Mickleburg.
Belegund	Father of Rían the wife of Huor; nephew of Barahir and one of his twelve companions on Dorthonion.
Beleriand	The name was said to have signified ‘the country of Balar’, and to have been given at first to the lands about the mouths of Sirion that faced the Isle of Balar. Later the name spread to include all the ancient coast of the Northwest of Middle-earth south of the Firth of Drengist, and all the inner lands south of Hithlum and eastwards to the feet of the Blue Mountains, divided by the river Sirion into East and West Beleriand. Beleriand was broken in the turmoils at the end of the First Age, and invaded by the sea, so that only Ossiriand (Lindon) remained.
Belfalas	Region on the southern coast of Gondor looking on to the great bay of the same name: Bay of Belfalas.
Belthil	‘Divine radiance’, the image of Telperion made by Turgon in Gondolin.
Belthronding	The bow of Beleg Cúthalion, which was buried with him.
Bëor	Called the Old; leader of the first Men to enter Beleriand; vassal of Finrod Felagund; progenitor of the House of Bëor (called also the Eldest House of Men and the First House of the Edain); see Balan.
Bereg	Grandson of Baran, son of Bëor the Old (this is not stated in the text); a leader of dissension among the Men of Estolad; went back over the mountains into Eriador.
Beren	Son of Barahir; cut a Silmaril from Morgoth’s crown to be the bride-price of Lúthien Thingol’s daughter, and was slain by Carcharoth the wolf of Angband; but returning from the dead, alone of mortal Men, lived afterwards with Lúthien on Tol Galen in Ossiriand, and fought with the Dwarves at Sarn Athrad. Great-grandfather of Elrond and Elros and ancestor of the Númenórean Kings. Called also Camlost, Erchamion, and One-hand.
Black Land	See Mordor.
Blessed Realm	See Aman.
Blue Mountains	See Ered Luin and Ered Lindon.
Boromir	Great-grandson of Bëor the Old, grandfather of Barahir father of Beren; first lord of Ladros.
Brandir	Called the Lame; ruler of the People of Haleth after the death of Handir his father; enamoured of Nienor; slain by Túrin.
Bregolas	Father of Baragund and Belegund; slain in the Dagor Bragollach.
Brethil	The forest between the rivers Teiglin and Sirion, dwelling-place of the Haladin (the People of Haleth).
Brilthor	‘Glittering Torrent’, the fourth of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand.
Brithiach	The ford over Sirion north of the Forest of Brethil.
Brithombar	The northern of the Havens of the Falas on the coast of Beleriand.
Brithon	The river that flowed into the Great Sea at Brithombar.
Brodda	An Easterling in Hithlum after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad who took as wife Aerin, kinswoman of Húrin; slain by Túrin.

Cabed-en-Aras	Deep gorge in the river Teiglin, where Turin slew Glaurung, and where Nienor leapt to her death; see Cabed Naeramarth.
Cabed Naeramarth	‘Leap of Dreadful Doom’, name given to Cabed-en-Aras after Nienor leapt from its cliffs.
Calacirya	‘Cleft of Light’, the pass made in the mountains of the Pelóri, in which was raised the green hill of Túna.
Calaquendi	‘Elves of the Light’, those Elves who lived or had lived in Aman (the High Elves). See Moriquendi and Dark Elves.
Calenardhon	The Green Province’, name of Rohan when it was the northern part of Gondor.
Camlost	‘Empty-handed’, name taken by Beren after his return to King Thingol without the Silmaril.
Caragdûr	The precipice on the north side of Amon Gwareth (the hill of Gondolin) from which Eöl was cast to his death.
Caranthir	The fourth son of Fëanor, called the Dark; ‘the harshest of the brothers and the most quick to anger’; ruled in Thargelion; slain in the assault on Doriath.
Carcharoth	The great wolf of Angband that bit off the hand of Beren bearing the Silmaril; slain by Huan in Doriath. The name is translated in the text as ‘the Red Maw’. Called also Anfauglir.
Cardolan	Region in the south of Eriador, a part of the Kingdom of Arnor.
Celeborn (1)	‘Tree of Silver’, name of the Tree of Tol Eressëa, a scion of Galathilion.
Celeborn (2)	Elf of Doriath, kinsman of Thingol; wedded Galadriel and with her remained in Middle-earth after the end of the First Age.
Celebrant	‘Silver Lode’, river running from Mirrormere through Lothlórien to join the Anduin.
Celebrimbor	‘Hand of Silver’, son of Curufin, who remained in Nargothrond when his father was expelled. In the Second Age greatest of the smiths of Eregion; maker of the Three Rings of the Elves; slain by Sauron.
Celebrindal	‘Silverfoot’; see Idril.
Celebros	‘Silver Foam’ or ‘Silver Rain’, a stream in Brethil falling down to Teiglin near the Crossings.
Celegorm	The third son of Fëanor, called the Fair; until the Dagor Bragollach lord of the region of Himlad with Curufin his brother; dwelt in Nargothrond and imprisoned Lúthien; master of Huan the wolfhound; slain by Dior in Menegroth.
Celon	River flowing southwest from the Hill of Himring, a tributary of Aros. The name means ‘stream flowing down from heights’.
Children of Ilúvatar	Also Children of Eru: translations of Hini Ilúvataro, Eruhini; the Firstborn and the Followers, Elves and Men. Also The Children, Children of the Earth, Children of the World.
Círdan	‘The Shipwright’; Telerin Elf, lord of the Falas (coasts of West Beleriand); at the destruction of the Havens after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad escaped with Gil-galad to the Isle of Balar; during the Second and Third Ages keeper of the Grey Havens in the Gulf of Lhûn; at the coming of Mithrandir entrusted to him Narya, the Ring of Fire.
Cirith Ninniach	‘Rainbow Cleft’, by which Tuor came to the Western Sea; see Annon-in-Gelydh.
Cirith Thoronath	‘Eagles’ Cleft’, a high pass in the mountains north of Gondolin, where Glorfindel fought with a Balrog and fell into the abyss.
Cirth	The Runes, first devised by Daeron of Doriath.
Ciryon	Third son of Isildur, slain with him at the Gladden Fields.
Corollaírë	‘The Green Mound’ of the Two Trees in Valinor; also called Ezellohar.
Crissaegrim	The mountain-peaks south of Gondolin, where were the eyries of Thorondor.
Crossings of Teiglin	In the southwest of the Forest of Brethil, where the old road southward from the Pass of Sirion crossed the Teiglin.
Cuiviénen	‘Water of Awakening’, the lake in Middle-earth where the first Elves awoke, and where they were found by Oromë.
Culúrien	A name of Laurelin.
Curufin	The fifth son of Fëanor, called the Crafty; father of Celebrimbor. For the origin of his name see Fëanor; and for his history see Celegorm.
Curunír	‘The one of cunning devices’. Elvish name of Saruman, one of the Istari (Wizards).
Cúthalion	‘Strongbow’; see Beleg.

Daeron	Minstrel and chief loremaster of King Thingol; deviser of the Cirth (Runes); enamoured of Luthien and twice betrayed her.
Dagnir Glaurunga	‘Glaurung’s Bane’, Túrin.
Dagor Aglareb	‘The Glorious Battle’, third of the great battles in the Wars of Beleriand.
Dagor Bragollach	‘The Battle of Sudden Flame’ (also simply the Bragollach), fourth of the great battles in the Wars of Beleriand.
Dagorlad	‘Battle Plain’, the place of the great battle north of Mordor between Sauron and the Last Alliance of Elves and Men at the end of the Second Age.
Dagor-nuin-Giliath	‘The Battle-under-Stars’, the second battle in the Wars of Beleriand, fought in Mithrim after the coming of Fëanor to Middle-earth.
Dark Elves	In the language of Aman all Elves that did not cross the Great Sea were Dark Elves (Moriquendi), and the term is sometimes used thus; when Caranthir called Thingol a Dark Elf it was intended opprobriously, and was especially so, since Thingol had been to Aman ‘and was not accounted among the Moriquendi’. But in the period of the Exile of the Noldor it was often used of the Elves of Middle-earth other than the Noldor and the Sindar, and is then virtually equivalent to Avari. Different again is the title Dark Elf of the Sindarin Elf Eöl.
Dark Lord, The	The term is used of Morgoth, and of Sauron.
Deldúwath	One of the later names of Dorthonion (Taur-nu-Fuin), meaning ‘Horror of Night-shadow’.
Denethor	Son of Lenwë; leader of the Nandorin Elves that came at last over the Blue Mountains and dwelt in Ossiriand; slain on Amon Ereb in the First Battle of Beleriand.
Dimbar	The land between the rivers Sirion and Mindeb.
Dimrost	The falls of Celebros in the Forest of Brethil; translated in the text as ‘the Rainy Stair’. Afterwards called Nen Girith.
Dior	Called Aranel, and also Eluchíl ‘Thingol’s Heir’; son of Beren and Lúthien and father of Elwing, Elrond’s mother; came to Doriath from Ossiriand after the death of Thingol, and received the Silmaril after the death of Beren and Lúthien; slain in Menegroth by the sons of Fëanor.
Dispossessed, The	The House of Fëanor.
D o l Guldur	‘Hill of Sorcery’, fastness of the Necromancer (Sauron) in southern Mirkwood in the Third Age.
Dolmed	‘Wet Head’ a great mountain in the Ered Luin, near the Dwarf-cities of Nogrod and Belegost.
Dor Caranthir	‘Land of Caranthir’; see Thargelion.
Dor-Cúarthol	‘Land of Bow and Helm’, name of the country defended by Beleg and Túrin from their lair on Amon Rûdh.
Dor Daedeloth	‘Land of the Shadow of Horror’, the land of Morgoth in the north.
Dor Dínen	‘The Silent Land’, where nothing dwelt, between the upper waters of Esgalduin and Aros.
Dor Firn-i-Guinar	‘Land of the Dead that Live’, name of that region in Ossiriand where Beren and Lúthien dwelt after their return.
Doriath	‘Land of the Pence’ (Dor Iath), referring to the Girdle of Melian, earlier called Eglador; the kingdom of Thingol and Melian in the forests of Neldoreth and Region, ruled from Menegroth on the river Esgalduin. Also called the Hidden Kingdom.
Dorlas	A Man of the Haladin in Brethil; went with Túrin and Hunthor to the attack on Glaurung, but withdrew in fear; slain by Brandir the Lame.
Dor-lómin	Region in the south of Hithlum, the territory of Fingon, given as a fief to the House of Hador; the home of Húrin and Morwen. The Lady of Dor-lómin: Morwen
Dor-nu-Fauglith	‘Land under Choking Ash’; see Anfauglith.
Dorthonion	‘Land of Pines’, the great forested highlands on the northern borders of Beleriand, afterwards called Taur-nu-Fuin. Cf. Tree-beard’s song in The Two Towers: “To the pine-trees upon the highland of Dorthonion I climbed in the Winter…”
Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin	Heirloom of the House of Hador, worn by Túrin; also called the Helm of Hador.
Draugluin	The great werewolf slain by Huan at Tol-in-Gaurhoth, and in whose form Beren entered Angband.
Drengist	The long firth that pierced Ered Lómin, the west-fence of Hithlum.
Dry River	The river that once flowed out under the Encircling Mountains from the primeval lake where was afterwards Tumladen, the plain of Gondolin.
Duilwen	The fifth of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand.
Dúnedain	‘The Edain of the West’; see Númenóreans.
Durin	Lord of the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm (Moria).
Dwarf-road	Road leading down into Beleriand from the cities of Nogrod and Belegost, and crossing Gelion at the ford of Sarn Athrad.
Dwarrowdelf	‘Delving of the Dwarves’: translation of Khazad-dûm (Hadhodrond).

Eä	The World, the material Universe; Ea, meaning in Elvish ‘It is’ or ‘Let it be’, was the word of Iluvatar when the World began its existence.
Eärendil	Called ‘Halfelven’, ‘the Blessed’, ‘the Bright’, and ‘the Mariner’; son of Tuor and Idril, Turgon’s daughter; escaped from the sack of Gondolin and wedded Elwing daughter of Dior at the Mouths of Sirion; sailed with her to Aman and pleaded for help against Morgoth; set to sail the skies in his ship Vingilot bearing the Silmaril that Beren and Lúthien brought out of Angband. The name means ‘Lover of the Sea’.
Eärendur (1)	A lord of Andúnië in Númenor.
Eärendur (2)	Tenth King of Arnor.
Eärnur	Son of Eärnil; last King of Gondor, in whom the line of Anárion came to its end.
Eärrámë	‘Sea-wing’, the name of Tuor’s ship.
Eärwen	Daughter of Olwë of Alqualondë, Thingol’s brother; wedded Finarfin of the Noldor. From Eärwen Finrod, Orodreth, Angrod, Aegnor and Galadriel had Telerin blood and were therefore allowed entry into Doriath.
Easterlings	Also called Swarthy Men; entered Beleriand from the East in the time after the Dagor Bragollach, and fought on both sides in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; given Hithlum as a dwelling-place by Morgoth, where they oppressed the remnant of the People of Hador.
Echoriath	‘The Encircling Mountains’ about the plain of Gondolin.
Echtelion	Elf-lord of Gondolin, who in the sack of the city slew and was slain by Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs.
Edrahil	Chief of the Elves of Nargothrond who accompanied Finrod and Beren on their quest, and died in the dungeons of Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Eglador	The former name of Doriath, before it was encompassed by the Girdle of Melian; probably connected with the name Eglath.
Eglarest	The southern of the Havens of the Falas on the coast of Beleriand.
Eglath	‘The Forsaken People’, name given to themselves by the Telerin Elves who remained in Beleriand seeking for Elwë (Thingol) when the main host of the Teleri departed to Aman.
Eithel Ivrin	‘Ivrin’s Well’, the source of the river Narog beneath Ered Wethrin.
Eithel Sirion	‘Sirion’s Well’, in the eastern face of Ered Wethrin, where was the great fortress of Fingolfin and Fingon (see Barad Eithel).
Ekkaia	Elvish name of the Outer Sea, encircling Arda; referred to also as the Outer Ocean and the Encircling Sea.
Elbereth	The usual name of Varda in Sindarin, ‘Star-Queen’; cf. Elentári.
Eldalië	‘The Elven-folk’, used as equivalent to Eldar.
Eldamar	‘Elvenhome’, the region of Aman in which the Elves dwelt; also the great Bay of the same name.
Eldar	According to Elvish legend the name Eldar, ‘People of the Stars’ was given to all the Elves by the Vala Oromë. It came however to be used to refer only to the Elves of the Three Kindreds (Vanyar, Noldor, and Teleri) who set out on the great westward march from Cuiviénen (whether or not they remained in Middle-earth), and to exclude the Avari. The Elves of Aman, and all Elves who ever dwelt in Aman, were called the High Elves (Tareldar) and Elves of the Light (Calaquendi); see Dark Elves, Úmanyar.
Eldarin	Of the Eldar; used in reference to the language(s) of the Eldar. The occurrences of the term in fact refer to Quenya, also called High Eldarin and High-elven; see Quenya.
Elder Days	The First Age; also called the Eldest Days.
Elder King	Manwë.
Elemmírë (1)	Name of a star.
Elemmírë (2)	Vanyarin Elf, maker of the Aldudénië, the Lament for the Two Trees.
Elendë	A name of Eldamar.
Elendil	Called the Tall; son of Amandil, last lord of Andúnië in Númenor, descended from Eärendil and Elwing but not of the direct line of the Kings; escaped with his sons Isildur and Anárion from the Drowning of Númenor and founded the Númenórean realms in Middle-earth; slain with Gil-galad in the overthrow of Sauron at the end of the Second Age. The name may be interpreted either as ‘Elf-friend’ (cf. Elendili) or as ‘Star-lover’.
Elendili	‘Elf-friends’, name given to those Númenóreans who were not estranged from the Eldar in the days of Tar-Ancalimon and later kings; also called the Faithful.
Elendur	Eldest son of Isildur, slain with him at the Gladden Fields.
Elenna	A (Quenya) name of Númenor, ‘Starwards’, from the guidance of the Edain by Eärendil on their voyage to Númenor at the beginning of the Second Age.
Elentári	‘Star-Queen’, a name of Varda as maker of the Stars. She is called thus in Galadriel’s lament in Lórien in the The Fellowship of the Ring. Cf. Elbereth, Tintallë.
Elenwë	Wife of Turgon; perished in the crossing of the Helcaraxë.
Elerrína	‘Crowned with Stars’, a name of Taniquetil.
Elf-friends	The Men of the Three Houses of Bëor, Haleth, and Hador, the Edain. In the Akallabêth and in Of the Rings of Power used of those Númenóreans who were not estranged from the Eldar; see Elendili.
Elostirion	Tallest of the towers upon Emyn Beraid, in which the palantir was placed.
Elrond	Son of Eärendil and Elwing, who at the end of the First Age chose to belong to the Firstborn, and remained in Middle-earth until the end of the Third Age; master of Imladris (Rivendell) and keeper of Vilya, the Ring of Air, which he had received from Gil-galad. Called Master Elrond and Elrond Half-elven. The name means ‘Star-dome’.
Elros	Son of Eärendil and Elwing, who at the end of the First Age chose to be numbered among Men, and became the first King of Númenor (called Tar-Minyatur), living to a very great age. The name means ‘Star-foam’.
Elu	Sindarin form of Elwë.
Eluchíl	‘Heir of Elu (Thingol)’, name of Dior, son of Beren and Lúthien. See Dior.
Eluréd	Elder son of Dior; perished in the attack on Doriath by the sons of Fëanor. The name means the same as Eluchíl.
Elurín	Younger son of Dior; perished with his brother Eluréd. The name means ‘Remembrance of Elu (Thingol)’.
Elwë	Surnamed Singollo, ‘Greymantle’; leader with his brother Olwë of the hosts of the Teleri on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, until he was lost in Nan Elmoth; afterwards Lord of the Sindar, ruling in Doriath with Melian; received the Silmaril from Beren; slain in Menegroth by the Dwarves. Called (Elu) Thingol in Sindarin. See Dark Elves, Thingol.
Elwing	Daughter of Dior, who escaping from Doriath with the Silmaril wedded Eärendil at the Mouths of Sirion and went with him to Valinor; mother of Elrond and Elros. The name means ‘Star-spray’; see Lanlhir Lamath.
Emeldir	Called the Man-hearted; wife of Barahir and mother of Beren; led the women and children of the House of Bëor from Dorthonion after the Dagor Bragollach. (She was herself also a descendant of Bëor the Old, and her father’s name was Beren; this is not stated in the text.)
Emyn Beraid	‘The Tower Hills’ in the west of Eriador; see Elostirion.
Enchanted Isles	The islands set by the Valar in the Great Sea eastwards of Tol Eressëa at the time of the Hiding of Valinor.
Endor	‘Middle Land’, Middle-earth.
Eöl	Called the Dark Elf; the great smith who dwelt in Nan Elmoth, and took Aredhel, Turgon’s sister to wife; friend of the Dwarves; maker of the sword Anglachel (Gurthang); father of Maeglin; put to death in Gondolin.
Eönwë	One of the mightiest of the Maiar; called the Herald of Manwë; leader of the host of the Valar in the attack on Morgoth at the end of the First Age.
Ephel Brandir	‘The encircling fence of Brandir’, dwellings of the Men of Brethil upon Amon Obel; also called the Ephel.
Ephel Dúath	‘Fence of Shadow’, the mountain-range between Gondor and Mordor; also called the Mountains of Shadow.
Erchamion	‘One-handed’, the name of Beren after his escape from Angband.
Erech	A hill in the west of Gondor, where was the Stone of Isildur (see The Return of the King).
Ered Engrin	‘The Iron Mountains’ in the far north.
Ered Gorgoroth	‘The Mountains of Terror’, northward of Nan Dungortheb; also called the Gorgoroth.
Ered Lindon	‘The Mountains of Lindon’, another name for Ered Luin, the Blue Mountains.
Ered Lómin	‘The Echoing Mountains’, forming the west-fence of Hithlum.
Ered Luin	‘The Blue Mountains’, also called Ered Lindon. After the destruction at the end of the First Age Ered Luin formed the north-western coastal range of Middle-earth.
Ered Nimrais	The White Mountains (nimrais, ‘white horns’), the great range from east to west south of the Misty Mountains.
Ered Wethrin	‘The Mountains of Shadow’, ‘The Shadowy Mountains’, the great curving range bordering Dor-nu-Fauglith (Ard-galen) on the west and forming the barrier between Hithlum and West Beleriand.
Eregion	‘Land of Holly’ (called by Men Hollin); Noldorin realm in the Second Age at the western feet of the Misty Mountains, where the Elven Rings were made.
Ereinion	‘Scion of Kings’, the son of Fingon, known always by his surname Gil-galad.
Eriador	The land between the Misty Mountains and the Blue, in which lay the Kingdom of Arnor (and also the Shire of the Hobbits).
Eru	‘The One’, ‘He that is Alone’: Ilúvatar.
Esgalduin	The river of Doriath, dividing the forests of Neldoreth and Region, and flowing into Sirion. The name means ‘River under Veil’.
Estë	One of the Valier, the spouse of Irmo (Lórien); her name means ‘Rest’.
Estolad	The land south of Nan Elmoth where the Men of the followings of Bëor and Marach dwelt after they crossed the Blue Mountains into Beleriand; translated in the text as ‘the Encampment’.
Ezellohar	The Green Mound of the Two Trees of Valinor; also called Corollairë.

Faithful, The	See Elendili.
Falas	The western coasts of Beleriand, south of Nevrast.
Falathrim	The Telerin Elves of the Falas, whose lord was Círdan.
Falmari	The Sea-elves; name of the Teleri who departed from Middle-earth and went into the West.
Fëanor	Eldest son of Finwë (the only child of Finwë and Míriel), half-brother of Fingolfin and Finarfin; greatest of the Noldor, and leader in their rebellion; deviser of the Fëanorian script; maker of the Silmarils; slain in Mithrim in the Dagor-nuin-Giliath. His name was Curufinwë (curu , ‘skill’), and he gave this name to his fifth son, Curufin; but he was himself known always by his mother’s name for him, Fëanáro, ‘Spirit of Fire’, which was given the Sindarin form Fëanor.
Fëanturi	‘Masters of Spirits’, the Valar Námo (Mandos) and Irmo (Lórien).
Felagund	The name by which King Finrod was known after the establishment of Nargothrond; it was Dwarvish in origin (felak-gundu, ‘cave-hewer’, but translated in the text as ‘Lord of Caves’.
Finarfin	The third son of Finwë, the younger of Fëanor’s half-brothers; remained in Aman after the Exile of the Noldor and ruled the remnant of his people in Tirion. Alone among the Noldorin princes he and his descendants had golden hair, derived from his mother Indis, who was a Vanyarin Elf (see Vanyar).
Finduilas	Daughter of Orodreth, loved by Gwindor; captured in the sack of Nargothrond, and killed by Orcs at the Crossings of Teiglin.
Fingolfin	The second son of Finwë, the elder of Fëanor’s half-brothers; High King of the Noldor in Beleriand, dwelling in Hithlum; slain by Morgoth in single combat.
Fingon	The eldest son of Fingolfin, called ‘the Valiant’; rescued Maedhros from Thangorodrim; High King of the Noldor after the death of his father; slain by Gothmog in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Finrod	The eldest son of Finarfin, called ‘the Faithful’ and ‘the Friend of Men’. Founder and King of Nargothrond, whence his name Felagund; encountered in Ossiriand the first Men to cross the Blue Mountains; rescued by Barahir in the Dagor Bragollach; redeemed his oath to Barahir by accompanying Beren on his quest; slain in defence of Beren in the dungeons of Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Finwë	Leader of the Noldor on the westward journey from Cuiviénen; King of the Noldor in Aman; father of Fëanor, Fingolfin, and Finarfin, slain by Morgoth at Formenos.
Fírimar	‘Mortals’, one of the Elvish names for Men.
Firstborn, The	The Elder Children of Ilúvatar, the Elves.
Followers, The	The Younger Children of Ilúvatar, Men; translation of Hildor.
Formenos	‘Northern Fortress’, the stronghold of Fëanor and his sons in the north of Valinor, built after the banishment of Fëanor from Tirion.
Fornost	‘Northern Fortress’. Númenórean city on the North Downs in Eriador.
Forsaken Elves	See Eglath.
Fuinur	A renegade Númenórean who became mighty among the Haradrim at the end of the Second Age.

Galadriel	Daughter of Finarfin and sister of Finrod Felagund; one of the leaders of the Noldorin rebellion against the Valar; wedded Celeborn of Doriath and with him remained in Middle-earth after the end of the First Age; keeper of Nenya, the Ring of Water, in Lothlórien.
Galathilion	“The White Tree of Tirion, the image of Telperion made by Yavanna for the Vanyar and the Noldor.”
Galdor	Called the Tall; son of Hador Lórindol and lord of Dor-lómin after him; father of Húrin and Huor; slain at Eithel Sirion.
galvorn	The metal devised by Eöl.
Gandalf	The name among Men of Mithrandir, one of the Istari (Wizards); see Olórin.
Gates of Summer	A great festival of Gondolin, on the eve of which the city was assaulted by the forces of Morgoth.
Gelion	The great river of East Beleriand, rising in Himring and Mount Rerir and fed by the rivers of Ossiriand flowing down from the Blue Mountains.
Gelmir (1)	Elf of Nargothrond, brother of Gwindor, captured in the Dagor Bragollach and afterwards put to death in front of Eithel Sirion, as a provocation to its defenders, before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Gelmir (2)	Elf of the people of Angrod, who with Arminas came to Nargothrond to warn Orodreth of its peril.
Gil-Estel	‘Star of Hope’, Sindarin name for Eärendil bearing the Silmaril in his ship Vingilot.
Gil-galad	‘Star of Radiance’, the name by which Ereinion son of Fingon was afterwards known. After the death of Turgon he became the last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth, and remained in Lindon after the end of the First Age; leader with Elendil of the Last Alliance of Men and Elves and slain with him in combat with Sauron.
Gimilkhâd	Younger son of Ar-Gimilzôr and Inzilbêth and father of Ar-Pharazôn, the last King of Númenor.
Ginglith	River in West Beleriand flowing into the Narog above Nargothrond.
Gladden Fields	Partial translation of Loeg Ningloron; the great stretches of reeds and iris (gladden) in and about the Anduin, where Isildur was slain and the One Ring lost.
Glaurung	The first of the Dragons of Morgoth, called the Father of Dragons; in the Dagor Bragollach, the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and the Sack of Nargothrond; cast his spell upon Túrin and upon Nienor; slain by Túrin at Cabed-en-Aras. Called also the Great Worm and the Worm of Morgoth.
Glingal	‘Hanging Flame’, the image of Laurelin made by Turgon in Gondolin.
Glóredhel	Daughter of Hador Lórindol of Dor-lómin and sister of Galdor; wedded Haldir of Brethil.
Glorfindel	Elf of Gondolin, who fell to his death in Cirith Thoronath in combat with a Balrog after the escape from the sack of the city. The name means ‘Golden-haired’.
Golodhrim	The Noldor. Golodh was the Sindarin form of Quenya Noldo, and -rim a collective plural ending; cf. Annon-in-Gelydh, the Gate of the Noldor.
Gondolin	‘The Hidden Rock’ (see Ondolindë), secret city of King Turgon surrounded by the Encircling Mountains (Echoriath).
Gondolindrim	The people of Gondolin.
Gondor	‘Land of Stone’, name of the southern Númenórean kingdom in Middle-earth, established by Isildur and Anárion. City of Gondor: Minas Tirith.
Gonnhirrim	‘Masters of Stone’, a Sindarin name for the Dwarves.
Gorgoroth (1)	See Ered Gorgoroth.
Gorgoroth (2)	A plateau in Mordor, between the converging Mountains of Shadow and Mountains of Ash.
Gorlim	Called the Unhappy; one of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion, who was ensnared by a phantom of his wife Eilinel and revealed to Sauron the hiding-place of Barahir.
Gorthaur	The name of Sauron in Sindarin.
Gorthol	‘Dread Helm’, the name that Túrin took as one of the Two Captains in the land of Dor-Cúarthol.
Gothmog	Lord of Balrogs, high-captain of Angband, slayer of Fëanor, Fingon, and Ecthelion. (The same name was borne in the Third Age by the Lieutenant of Minas Morgul, The Return of the King).
Greater Gelion	One of the two tributary branches of the river Gelion in the north, rising in Mount Rerir.
Great Lands	Middle-earth.
Green-elves	Translation of Laiquendi; the Nandorin Elves of Ossiriand.
Greenwood the Great	The great forest east of the Misty Mountains, afterwards named Mirkwood.
Grey-elven tongue	See Sindarin.
Grey Havens	See (The) Havens, Mithlond.
Grinding Ice	See Helcaraxë.
Grond	The great mace of Morgoth, with which he fought Fingolfin; called the Hammer of the Underworld. The battering-ram used against the Gate of Minas Tirith was named after it (The Return of the King).
Gundor	Younger son of Hador Lórindol, lord of Dor-lómin; slain with his father at Eithel Sirion in the Dagor Bragollach.
Gurthang	‘Iron of Death’, name of Beleg’s sword Anglachel after it was reforged for Túrin in Nargothrond, and from which he was named Mormegil.
Gwaith-i-Mírdain	‘People of the Jewel-smiths’, name of the fellowship of craftsmen in Eregion, greatest of whom was Celebrimbor son of Curufin.
Gwindor	Elf of Nargothrond, brother of Gelmir; enslaved in Angband, but escaped and aided Beleg in the rescue of Túrin; brought Túrin to Nargothrond; loved Finduilas Orodreth’s daughter; slain in the Battle of Tumhalad.

H adhodrond	The Sindarin name of Khazad-dum (Moria).
Hador	Called Lórindol, ‘Goldenhead’, also Hador the Golden-haired; lord of Dor-lómin, vassal of Fingolfin; father of Galdor father of Húrin; slain at Eithel Sirion in the Dagor Bragollach. The House of Hador was called the Third House of the Edain.
Haladin	The second people of Men to enter Beleriand; afterwards called the People of Haleth, dwelling in the Forest of Brethil, also the Men of Brethil.
Haldad	Leader of the Haladin in their defence against the attack on them by Orcs in Thargelion, and slain there; father of the Lady Haleth.
Haldan	Son of Haldar; leader of the Haladin after the death of the Lady Haleth.
Haldir	Son of Halmir of Brethil; wedded Gidredhel, daughter of Hador of Dor-lómin; slain in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Haleth	Called the Lady Haleth; leader of the Haladin (who were named from her the People of Haleth) from Thargelion to the lands west of Sirion.
Half-elven	Translation of Sindarin Peredhel, plural Peredhil, applied to Elrond and Elros, and to Eärendil.
Halflings	Translation of Periannath (Hobbits).
Halls of Awaiting	The Halls of Mandos.
Halmir	Lord of the Haladin, son of Haldan; with Beleg of Doriath defeated the Orcs that came south from the Pass of Sirion after the Dagor Bragollach.
Handir	Son of Haldir and Glóredhel, father of Brandir the Lame; lord of the Haladin after Haldir’s death; slain in Brethil in battle with Orcs.
Haradrim	The Men of Harad (‘the South’), the lands south of Mordor.
Hareth	Daughter of Helmir of Brethil; wedded Galdor of Dor-lómin; mother of Húrin and Huor.
Haudh-en-Arwen	‘The Ladybarrow’, the burial-mound of Haleth in the Forest of Brethil.
Haudh-en-Elleth	The mound in which Finduilas was buried, near the Crossings of Teiglin.
Haudh-en-Ndengin	‘The Mound of Slain’ in the desert of Anfauglith, where were piled the bodies of the Elves and Men that died in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Havens, The	Brithombar and Eglarest on the coast of Beleriand. The Havens of Sirion at the end of the First Age. The Grey Havens (Mithlond) in the Gulf of Lhûn. Alqualondë, the Haven of the Swans or Swanhaven, is also called simply The Haven.
Helcar	The Inland Sea in the northeast of Middle-earth, where once stood the mountain of the lamp of Illuin; the mere of Cuiviénen where the first Elves awoke is described as a bay in this sea.
Helcaraxë	The strait between Araman and Middle-earth; also referred to as the Grinding Ice.
Helevorn	‘Black Glass’, a lake in the north of Thargelion, below Mount Rerir, where Caranthir dwelt.
Helluin	The star Sirius.
Herunúmen	‘Lord of the West’, Quenya name of Ar-Adunakhôr.
Hidden Kingdom	Name given both to Doriath and to Gondolin.
High-elven	See Quenya.
High Elves	See Eldar.
Hildor	‘The Followers’, ‘The Aftercomers’, Elvish name for Men, as the Younger Children of Ilúvatar.
Hildórien	The land in the east of Middle-earth where the first Men (Hildor) awoke.
Himlad	‘Cool Plain’, the region where Celegorm and Curufin dwelt south of the Pass of Aglon.
Himring	The great hill west of Maglor’s Gap on which was the stronghold of Maedhros; translated in the text as ‘Ever-cold’.
Hírilorn	The great beech-tree in Doriath with three trunks, in which Lúthien was imprisoned. The name means ‘Tree of the Lady’.
Hísilómë	‘Land of Mist’, Quenya name of Hithlum.
Hithaeglir	‘Line of Misty Peaks’: the Misty Mountains, or Mountains of Mist.
Hither Lands	Middle-earth (also called the Outer Lands).
Hithlum	‘Land of Mist’, the region bounded on the east and south by Ered Wethrin and on the west by Ered Lómin; see Hísilómë.
Hollowbold	Translation of Nogrod: ‘hollow dwelling’ (early English bold, noun related to the verb build).
Huan	The great wolfhound of Valinor that Oromë gave to Celegorm; friend and helper of Beren and Lúthien; slew and slain by Carcharoth. The name means ‘great dog, hound’.
Hunthor	A Man of the Haladin in Brethil who accompanied Túrin in his attack on Glaurung at Cabed-en-Aras and was killed there by a falling stone.
Huor	Son of Galdor of Dor-lómin, husband of Rían and father of Tuor; went to Gondolin with Húrin his brother; slain in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Húrin	Called Thalion, ‘the Steadfast’, ‘the Strong’; son of Galdor of Dor-lómin, husband of Morwen and father of Túrin and Nienor; lord of Dor-lómin, vassal of Fingon. Went with Huor his brother to Gondolin; captured by Morgoth in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad and set upon Thangorodrim for many years; after his release slew Mîm in Nargothrond and brought the Nauglamír to King Thingol.
Hyarmentir	The highest mountain in the regions south of Valinor.

Iant Iaur	‘The Old Bridge’ over the Esgalduin on the northern borders of Doriath; also called the Bridge of Esgalduin.
Idril	Called Celebrindal, ‘Silverfoot’; the daughter (and only child) of Turgon and Elenwë; wife of Tuor, mother of Eärendil, with whom she escaped from Gondolin to the Mouths of Sirion; departed thence with Tuor into the West.
Illuin	One of the Lamps of the Valar made by Aulë. Illuin stood in the northern part of Middle-earth, and after the overthrow of the mountain by Melkor the Inland Sea of Helcar was formed there.
Ilmarë	A Maia, the handmaid of Varda.
Ilmen	The region above the air where the stars are.
Ilúvatar	‘Father of All’, Eru.
Imladris	‘Rivendell’ (literally, ‘Deep Dale of the Cleft’), Elrond’s dwelling in a valley of the Misty Mountains.
Indis	Vanyarin Elf, close kin of Ingwë; second wife of Finwë, mother of Fingolfin and Finarfin.
Ingwë	Leader of the Vanyar, the first of the three hosts of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen. In Aman he dwelt upon Taniquetil, and was held High King of all the Elves.
Irmo	The Vala usually named Lórien, the place of his dwelling. Irmo means ‘Desirer’ or ‘Master of Desire’.
Iron Mountains	See Ered Engrin.
Isengard	Translation (to represent the language of Rohan) of the Elvish name Angrenost.
Isil	Quenya name of the Moon.
Isildur	Elder son of Elendil, who with his father and his brother Anárion escaped from the Drowning of Númenor and founded in Middle-earth the Númenórean realms in exile; lord of Minas Ithil; cut the Ruling Ring from Sauron’s hand; slain by Orcs in the Anduin when the Ring slipped from his finger.
Istari	The Wizards. See Curunír, Saruman; Mithrandir, Gandalf, Olórin, Radagast.
Ivrin	The lake and falls beneath Ered Wethrin where the river Narog rose. Pools of Ivrin, Falls of Ivrin. See Eithel Ivrin.

kelvar	An Elvish word retained in the speeches of Yavanna and Manwe in Chapter II: ‘animals, living things that move’.
Kementári	‘Queen of the Earth’, a title of Yavanna.
Khazâd	The name of the Dwarves in their own language (Khuzdul).
Khazad-dûm	The great mansions of the Dwarves of Durin’s race in the Misty Mountains (Hadhodrond, Moria). See Khazâd; dûm is probably a plural or collective, meaning ‘excavations, halls, mansions’.
Khîm	Son of Mîm the Petty-dwarf, slain by one of Túrin’s outlaw band.
King’s Men	Númenóreans hostile to the Eldar and the Elendili.
Kinslaying, The	The slaying of the Teleri by the Noldor at Alqualondë.

L adros	The lands to the northeast of Dorthonion that were granted by the Noldorin Kings to the Men of the House of Bëor.
Laer Cú Beleg	‘The Song of the Great Bow’, made by Túrin at Eithel Ivrin in memory of Beleg Cúthalion.
Laiquendi	‘The Green-elves’ of Ossiriand.
Lammoth	‘The Great Echo’, region north of the Firth of Drengist, named from the echoes of Morgoth’s cry in his struggle with Ungoliant.
Land of Shadow	See Mordor.
Land of the Star	Númenor.
Lanthir Lamath	‘Waterfall of Echoing Voices’, where Dior had his house in Ossiriand, and after which his daughter Elwing (‘Star-spray’) was named.
Last Alliance	The league made at the end of the Second Age between Elendil and Gil-galad to defeat Sauron.
Laurelin	‘Song of Gold’, the younger of the Two Trees of Valinor.
Lay of Leithian	The long poem concerning the lives of Beren and Lúthien from which the prose account in The Silmarillion was derived. Leithian is translated ‘Release from Bondage’.
Legolin	The third of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand.
lembas	Sindarin name of the waybread of the Eldar (from earlier lennmbass, ‘journey-bread’; in Quenya coimas, ‘life-bread’).
Lenwë	The leader of the Elves from the host of the Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Mountains on the west-ward journey from Cuiviénen (the Nandor); father of Denethor.
Lhûn	River in Eriador flowing into the sea in the Gulf of Lhûn.
Linaewen	‘Lake of birds’, the great mere in Nevrast.
Lindon	A name of Ossiriand in the First Age. After the tumults at the end of the First Age the name Lindon was retained for the lands west of the Blue Mountains that still remained above the Sea.
Loeg Ningloron	‘Pools of the golden water-flowers’; see Gladden Fields.
lómelindi	Quenya word meaning ‘dusk-singers’, nightingales.
Lómion	‘Son of Twilight’, the Quenya name that Aredhel gave to Maeglin.
Lord of Waters	See Ulmo.
Lords of the West	See Valar.
Lorellin	The lake in Lórien in Valinor where the Vala Estë sleeps by day.
Lorgan	Chief of the Easterling Men in Hithlum after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, by whom Tuor was enslaved.
Lórien (1)	The name of the gardens and dwelling-place of the Vala Irmo, who was himself usually called Lórien.
Lórien (2)	The land ruled by Celeborn and Galadriel between the rivers Celebrant and Anduin. Probably the original name of this land was altered to the form of the Quenya name Lórien of the gardens of the Vala Irmo in Valinor. In Lothlórien the Sindarin word loth, ‘flower’, is prefixed.
Lórindol	‘Goldenhead’; see Hador.
Losgar	The place of the burning of the ships of the Teleri by Fëanor, at the mouth of the Firth of Drengist.
Lothlann	‘The wide and empty’, the great plain north of the March of Maedhros.
Lothlórien	‘Lórien of the Blossom’; see Lórien (2).
Lúthien	The daughter of King Thingol and Melian the Maia, who after the fulfilment of the Quest of the Silmaril and the death of Beren chose to become mortal and to share his fate. See Tinúviel.

Mablung	Elf of Doriath, chief captain of Thingol, friend of Turin; called ‘of the Heavy Hand’ (which is the meaning of the name Mablung); slain in Menegroth by the Dwarves.
Maedhros	The eldest son of Fëanor, called the Tall; rescued by Fingon from Thangorodrim; held the Hill of Himring and the lands about; formed the Union of Maedhros that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; bore one of the Silmarils with him to his death at the end of the First Age.
Maeglin	‘Sharp Glance’, son of Eöl and Aredhel Turgon’s sister, born in Nan Elmoth; became mighty in Gondolin, and betrayed it to Morgoth; slain in the sack of the city by Tuor. See Lómion.
Maglor	The second son of Fëanor, a great singer and minstrel; held the lands called Maglor’s Gap; at the end of the First Age seized with Maedhros the two Silmarils that remained in Middle-earth, and cast the one that he took into the Sea.
Maglor’s Gap	The region between the northern arms of Gelion where there were no hills of defence against the North.
Magor	Son of Malach Aradan; leader of the Men of the following of Marach who entered West Beleriand.
Mahal	The name given to Aulë by the Dwarves.
Máhanaxar	The Ring of Doom outside the gates of Valmar, in which were set the thrones of the Valar where they sat in council.
Mahtan	A great smith of the Noldor, father of Nerdanel the wife of Fëanor.
Maiar	Ainur of lesser degree than the Valar (singular Maia).
Malduin	A tributary of the Teiglin; the name probably means ‘Yellow River’.
Malinalda	‘Tree of Gold’, a name of Laurelin.
Mandos	The place of the dwelling in Aman of the Vala properly called Námo, the Judge, though this name was seldom used, and he himself was usually referred to as Mandos. Named as Vala and as the place of his dwelling (including Halls of Mandos; also Halls of Awaiting, Houses of the Dead).
Manwë	The chief of the Valar, called also Súlimo, the Elder King, the Ruler of Arda.
Marach	Leader of the third host of Men to enter Beleriand, ancestor of Hador Lórindol.
March of Maedhros	The open lands to the north of the headwaters of the river Gelion, held by Maedhros and his brothers against attack on East Beleriand; also called the eastern March.
Mardil	Called the Faithful; the first Ruling Steward of Gondor.
Mar-nu-Falmar	‘The Land under the Waves’, name of Númenor after the Downfall.
Melian	A Maia, who left Valinor and came to Middle-earth; afterwards the Queen of King Thingol in Doriath, about which she set a girdle of enchantment, the Girdle of Melian; mother of Lúthien, and foremother of Elrond and Elros.
Melkor	The Quenya name for the great rebellious Vala, the beginning of evil, in his origin the mightiest of the Ainur; afterwards named Morgoth, Bauglir, the Dark Lord, the Enemy, etc. The meaning of Melkor was ‘He who arises in Might’; the Sindarin form was Belegur, but it was never used, save in a deliberately altered form Belegurth, ‘Great Death’. After the rape of the Silmarils usually called Morgoth.
Men	See also Atani, Children of Ilúvatar, Easterlings.
Menegroth	‘The Thousand Caves’, the hidden halls of Thingol and Melian on the river Esgalduin in Doriath.
Meneldil	Son of Anárion, King of Gondor.
Menelmacar	‘Swordsman of the Sky’, the constellation Orion.
Meneltarma	‘Pillar of Heaven’, the mountain in the midst of Númenor, upon whose summit was the Hallow of Eru Ilúvatar.
Mereth Aderthad	The ‘Feast of Reuniting’ held by Fingolfin near the Pools of Ivrin.
Mickleburg	Translation of Belegost: ‘great fortress’.
Middle-earth	The lands to the east of the Great Sea; also called the Hither Lands, the Outer Lands, the Great Lands, and Endor.
Mîm	The Petty-dwarf, in whose house (Bar-en-Danwedh) on Amon Rûdh Túrin dwelt with the outlaw band, and by whom their lair was betrayed to the Orcs; slain by Húrin in Nargothrond.
Minas Anor	‘Tower of the Sun’ (also simply Anor), afterwards called Minas Tirith; the city of Anárion, at the feet of Mount Mindolluin.
Minas Ithil	‘Tower of the Moon’ afterwards called Minas Morgul; the city of Isildur, built on a shoulder of the Ephel Dúath.
Minas Morgul	‘Tower of Sorcery’ (also simply Morgul), name of Minas Ithil after its capture by the Ringwraiths.
Minas Tirith (1)	‘Tower of Watch’, built by Finrod Felagund on Tol Sirion; see Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Minas Tirith (2)	Later name of Minas Anor. Called the City of Gondor.
Mindeb	A tributary of Sirion, between Dimbar and the Forest of Neldoreth.
Mindolluin	‘Towering Blue-head’, the great mountain behind Minas Anor.
Mindon Eldalieva	‘Lofty Tower of the Eldalië’, the tower of Ingwë in the city of Tirion; also simply the Mindon.
Míriel (1)	The first wife of Finwë, mother of Fëanor; died after Fëanor’s birth. Called Serindë, ‘the Broideress’.
Míriel (2)	Daughter of Tar-Palantir, forced into marriage by Ar-Pharazôn, and as his queen named Ar-Zimraphel; also called Tar-Míriel.
Mirkwood	See Greenwood the Great.
Mithlond	‘The Grey Havens’, harbours of the Elves on the Gulf of Lhûn; also referred to as the Havens.
Mithrandir	‘The Grey Pilgrim’, Elvish name of Gandalf (Olórin), one of the Istari (Wizards).
Mithrim	The name of the great lake in the east of Hithlum, and also of the region about it and of the mountains to the west, separating Mithrim from Dor-lómin. The name was originally that of the Sindarin Elves who dwelt there.
Mordor	‘The Black Land’, also called the Land of Shadow; Sauron’s realm east of the mountains of the Ephel Dúath.
Morgoth	‘The Black Enemy’, name of Melkor, first given to him by Fëanor after the rape of the Silmarils and thereafter. See Melkor.
Moria	‘The Black Chasm’, later name for Khazad-dûm (Hadhodrond).
Moriquendi	‘Elves of the Darkness’; see Dark Elves.
Mormegil	‘The Black Sword’, name given to Túrin as captain of the host of Nargothrond; see Gurthang.
Morwen	Daughter of Baragund (nephew of Barahir, the father of Beren); wife of Húrin and mother of Túrin and Nienor; called Eledhwen (translated in the text as ‘Elfsheen’) and the Lady of Dor-lómin.
Music of the Ainur	See Ainulindalë.

Nahar	The horse of the Vala Orome, said by the Eldar to be so named on account of his voice.
Námo	A Vala, one of the Aratar; usually named Mandos, the place of his dwelling. Námo means ‘Ordainer, Judge’.
Nandor	Said to mean ‘Those who turn back’: the Nandor were those Elves from the host of the Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Mountains on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, but of whom a part, led by Denethor, came long afterwards over the Blue Mountains and dwelt in Ossiriand (the Green-elves).
Nan Dungortheb	Also Dungortheb; translated in the text as ‘Valley of Dreadful Death’. The valley between the precipices of Ered Gorgoroth and the Girdle of Melian.
Nan Elmoth	The forest east of the river Celon where Elwë (Thingol) was enchanted by Melian and lost; afterwards the dwelling-place of Eöl.
Nan-tathren	‘Willow-vale’, translated as ‘the Land of Willows’, where the river Narog flowed into Sirion. In Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers Quenya forms of the name are used: in the willow-meads of Tasarinan; Nan-tasarion.
Nargothrond	‘The great underground fortress on the river Narog’, founded by Finrod Felagund and destroyed by Glaurung; also the realm of Nargothrond extending east and west of the Narog.
Narn-i-Hîn Húrin	‘The Tale of the Children of Húrin’, the long lay from which Chapter XXI was derived; ascribed to the poet Dirhavel, a Man who lived at the Havens of Sirion in the days of Eärendil and perished in the attack of the sons of Fëanor. Narn signifies a tale made in verse, but to be spoken and not sung.
Narog	The chief river of West Beleriand, rising at Ivrin under Ered Wethrin and flowing into Sirion in Nan-tathren.
Narsil	The sword of Elendil, made by Telchar of Nogrod, that was broken when Elendil died in combat with Sauron; from the shards it was reforged for Aragorn and named Anduril.
Narsilion	The Song of the Sun and Moon.
Narya	One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Fire or the Red Ring; borne by Círdan and afterwards by Mithrandir.
Nauglamír	‘The Necklace of the Dwarves’, made for Finrod Felagund by the Dwarves, brought by Húrin out of Nargothrond to Thingol, and the cause of his death.
Naugrim	‘The Stunted People’, Sindarin name for the Dwarves.
Nazgûl	See Ring-wraiths.
Neldoreth	The great beech-forest forming the northern part of Doriath; called Taur-na-Neldor in Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers.
Nen Girith	‘Shuddering Water’, name given to Dimrost, the falls of Celebros in the Forest of Brethil.
Nenning	River in West Beleriand, reaching the sea at the Haven of Eglarest.
Nenuial	‘Lake of Twilight’, in Eriador, where the river Baranduin rose, and beside which the city of Annúminas was built.
Nenya	One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Water, borne by Galadriel; also called the Ring of Adamant.
Nerdanel	Called the Wise; daughter of Mahtan the smith, wife of Fëanor.
Nessa	One of the Valier, the sister of Oromë and spouse of Tulkas.
Nevrast	The region west of Dor-lómin, beyond Ered Lómin, where Turgon dwelt before his departure to Gondolin. The name, meaning ‘Hither Shore’, was originally that of all the northwestern coast of Middle-earth (the opposite being Haerast, ‘the Far Shore’, the coast of Aman).
Nienna	One of the Valier, numbered among the Aratar; Lady of pity and mourning, the sister of Mandos and Lórien.
Nienor	‘Mourning’, the daughter of Húrin and Morwen and sister of Túrin; spell-bound by Glaurung at Nargothrond and in ignorance of her past wedded Túrin in Brethil in her name Níniel; cast herself into the Teiglin.
Nimbrethil	Birch-woods in Arvernien in the south of Beleriand. Cf. Bilbo’s song at Rivendell: “He built a boat of timber felled in Nimbrethil to journey in…” (The Fellowship of the Ring).
Nimloth (1)	The White Tree of Númenor, of which a fruit taken by Isildur before it was felled grew into the White Tree of Minas Ithil. Nimloth, ‘White Blossom’ is the Sindarin form of Quenya Ninquelótë, one of the names of Telperion.
Nimloth (2)	Elf of Doriath who wedded Dior Thingol’s Heir; mother of Elwing; slain in Menegroth in the attack by the sons of Fëanor.
Nimphelos	The great pearl given by Thingol to the lord of the Dwarves of Belegost.
Níniel	‘Tear-maiden’, the name that Túrin, ignorant of their relationship, gave to his sister; see Nienor.
niphredil	A white flower that bloomed in Doriath in starlight when Lúthien was born. It grew also on Cerin Amroth in Lothlórien.
Nirnaeth Arnoediad	‘Tears Unnumbered’ (also simply the Nirnaeth), the name given to the ruinous fifth battle in the Wars of Beleriand.
Nivrim	That part of Doriath that lay on the west bank of Sirion.
Nogrod	One of the two cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains; translation into Sindarin of Dwarvish Tumunzahar.
Noldolantë	‘The Fall of the Noldor’, a lament made by Maglor son of Fëanor.
Noldor	The Deep Elves, the second host of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Finwë. The name (Quenya Noldo, Sindarin Golodh) meant ‘the Wise’ (but wise in the sense of possessing knowledge, not in the sense of possessing sagacity, sound judgement). For the language of the Noldor see Quenya.
Nóm, Nómin	‘Wisdom’ and ‘the Wise’, the names that the Men of Bëor’s following gave to Finrod and his people in their own tongue.
North Downs	In Eriador, where was built the Númenórean city of Fornost.
Nulukkizdîn	Dwarvish name of Nargothrond.
Númenor	In full Quenya form Númenórë. ‘Westernesse’, ‘Westland’, the great island prepared by the Valar as a dwelling-place for the Edain after the ending of the First Age. Called also Anadûnë, Andor, Elenna, the Land of the Star, and after its downfall Akallabêth, Atalantë, and Mar-nu-Falmar.
Nurtalë Valinóreva	‘The Hiding of Valinor’.

Ohtar	‘Warrior’, esquire of Isildur, who brought the shards of Elendil’s sword to Imladris.
Oiolossë	‘Ever-snow-white’, the most common name among the Eldar for Taniquetil, rendered into Sindarin as Amon Uilos; but according to the Valaquenta it was the uttermost tower of Taniquetil.
Oiomúrë	A region of mists near to the Helcaraxë.
Olórin	A Maia, one of the Istari (Wizards); see Mithrandir, Gandalf, and cf. The Two Towers: “Olórin I was in my youth in the West that is forgotten.”
olvar	An Elvish word retained in the speeches of Yavanna and Manwë in Chapter II, meaning ‘growing things with roots in the earth’.
Olwë	Leader together with his brother Elwë (Thingol) of the hosts of the Teleri on the westward journey from Cuiviénen; lord of the Teleri of Alqualondë in Aman.
Ondolindë	‘Stone Song’, the original Quenya name of Gondolin.
Orcs	Creatures of Morgoth.
Orfalch Echor	The great ravine through the Encircling Mountains by which Gondolin was approached.
Ormal	One of the Lamps of the Valar made by Aulë, Ormal stood in the south of Middle-earth.
Orocarni	The Mountains of the East of Middle-earth (the name means ‘the Red Mountains’).
Orodreth	The second son of Finarfin; warden of the tower of Minas Tirith on Tol Sirion; King of Nargothrond after the death of Finrod his brother; father of Finduilas; slain in the Battle of Tumhalad.
Orodruin	‘Mountain of Blazing Fire’ in Mordor, in which Sauron forged the Ruling Ring; called also Amon Amarth, ‘Mount Doom’.
Oromë	A Vala, one of the Aratar; the great hunter, leader of the Elves from Cuiviénen, spouse of Vana. The name means ‘Horn-blowing’ or ‘Sound of Horns’, cf. Valaróma; in The Lord of the Rings it appears in the Sindarin form Araw.
Oromët	A hill pear the haven of Andúnië in the west of Númenor, on which was built the tower of Tar-Minastir.
Orthanc	‘Forked Height’, the Númenórean tower in the Circle of Isengard.
Osgiliath	‘Fortress of the Stars’, the chief city of ancient Gondor, on either side of the river Anduin.
Ossë	A Maia, vassal of Ulmo, with whom he entered the waters of Arda; lover and instructor of the Teleri.
Ossiriand	‘Land of Seven Rivers’ (these being Gelion and its tributaries flowing down from the Blue Mountains), the land of the Green-elves. Cf. Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers: “I wandered in Summer in the elm-woods of Ossiriand. Ah! The light and the music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir!” See Lindon.
Ost-in-Edhil	‘Fortress of the Eldar’, the city of the Elves in Eregion.
Outer Sea	See Ekkaia.

P alantiri	‘Those that watch from afar’, the seven Seeing Stones brought by Elendil and his sons from Numenor; made by Feanor in Aman.
Pelargir	‘Garth of Royal Ships,’ the Númenórean haven above the delta of Anduin.
Pelóri	‘The fencing or defensive heights’, called also the Mountains of Aman and the Mountains of Defence, raised by the Valar after the destruction of their dwelling on Almaren; ranging in a crescent from north to south, close to the eastern shores of Aman.
Prophecy of the North	The Doom of the Noldor, uttered by Mandos on the coast of Araman.

Q uendi	Original Elvish name for Elves (of every kind, including the Avari), meaning ‘Those that speak with voices’.
Quenta Silmarillion	‘The History of the Silmarils’.
Quenya	The ancient tongue, common to all Elves, in the form that it took in Valinor; brought to Middle-earth by the Noldorin exiles, but abandoned by them as a daily speech, especially after the edict of King Thingol against its use. Not named as such in this book, but referred to as Eldarin, High Eldarin, High-elven,the tongue of Valinor, the speech of the Elves of Valinor, the tongue of the Noldor, the High Speech of the West.

Radagast	One of the Istari (Wizards).
Ramdal	‘Wall’s End’ (see Andram), where the dividing fall across Beleriand ceased.
Rána	‘The Wanderer’, a name of the Moon among the Noldor.
Rathlóriel	‘Golden-bed’, later name for the river Ascar, after the treasure of Doriath was sunk in it.
Rauros	‘Roaring Spray’, the great falls in the river Anduin.
Region	The dense forest forming the southern part of Doriath.
Rerir	Mountain to the north of Lake Helevorn, where rose the greater of the two tributary branches of Gelion.
Rhovanion	‘Wilderland’, the wide region east of the Misty Mountains.
Rhudaur	Region in the north-east of Eriador.
Rían	Daughter of Belegund (nephew of Barahir, the father of Beren); wife of Huor and mother of Tuor; after Huor’s death died of grief on the Haudh-en-Ndengin.
Rings of Power	The One Ring, Great Ring, or Ruling Ring. Three Rings of the Elves (see also Narya, the Ring of Fire, Nenya, the Ring of Adamant, and Vilya, the Ring of Sapphire). Seven Rings of the Dwarves. Nine Rings of Men.
Ring-wraiths	The slaves of the Nine Rings of Men and chief servants of Sauron; also called Nazgûl and Úlairi.
Rivendell	Translation of Imladris.
Rivil	Stream falling northwards from Dorthonion and flowing into Sirion in the Fen of Serech. Rivil’s Well.
Rohan	‘The Horse-country’, later name in Gondor for the great grassy plain formerly called Calenardhon.
Rohirrim	‘The Horse-lords’ of Rohan.
Romenna	Haven on the east coast of Númenor.
Rothinzil	Adûnaic (Númenórean) name of Eärendil’s ship Vingilot, with the same meaning, ‘Foam-flower’.
Rúmil	A Noldorin sage of Tirion, the first deviser of written characters (cf. The Lord of the Rings); to him is attributed the Ainulindalë.

Saeros	Nandorin Elf, one of the chief counsellors of Thingol in Doriath; insulted Turin in Menegroth, and by him pursued to his death.
Salmar	A Maia who entered Arda with Ulmo; maker of Ulmo’s great horns, the Ulumúri.
Sarn Athrad		‘Ford of Stones’, where the Dwarf-road from Nogrod and Belegost crossed the river Gelion.
Saruman		‘Man of Skill’, the name among Men of Curunír (which it translates), one of the Istari (Wizards).
Sauron		‘The Abhorred’ (in Sindarin called Gorthaur); greatest of the servants of Melkor, in his origin a Maia of Aulë.
Serech		The great fen north of the Pass of Sirion, where the river Rivil flowed in from Dorthonion.
seregon		‘Blood of Stone’, a plant with deep red flowers that grew on Amon Rûdh.
Seven Stones	See Palantíri.
Shepherds of the Trees	Ents.
Silmarien	Daughter of Tar-Elendil, the fourth King of Númenor; mother of the first lord of Andúnië and ancestress of Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anárion.
Silmarils	The three jewels made by Fëanor before the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor, and filled with their light.
Silvan Elves	Also called Woodland Elves. They appear to have been in origin those Nandorin Elves who never passed west of the Misty Mountains, but remained in the Vale of Anduin and in Greenwood the Great; see Nandor.
Sindar	The Grey-elves. The name was applied to all the Elves of Telerin origin whom the returning Noldor found in Beleriand, save for the Green-elves of Ossiriand. The Noldor may have devised this name because the first Elves of this origin whom they met with were in the north, under the grey skies and mists about Lake Mithrim (see Mithrim); or perhaps because the Grey-elves were not of the Light (of Valinor) nor yet of the Dark (Avari), but were Elves of the Twilight. But it was held to refer to Elwë’s name Thingol (Quenya Sindacollo, Singollo, ‘Grey-cloak’), since he was acknowledged high king of all the land and its peoples. The Sindar called themselves Edhil, plural Edhel.
Sindarin	The Elvish tongue of Beleriand, derived from the common Elvish speech but greatly changed through long ages from Quenya of Valinor; acquired by the Noldorin exiles in Beleriand. Called also the Grey-elven tongue, the tongue of the Elves of Beleriand.
Sirion	‘The Great River’ flowing from north to south and dividing West from East Beleriand. Falls of Sirion. Fens of Sirion. Gates of Sirion. Havens of Sirion. Mouths of Sirion. Pass of Sirion.
Sons of Fëanor	See Maedhros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, Amrod, Amras. Often referred to as a group, especially after the death of their father.
Stone of the Hapless	Memorial stone of Túrin and Nienor by Cabed Naeramarth in the river Teiglin.
Straight Road, Straight Way	The path over the Sea into the Ancient or True West, on which the ships of the Elves might still sail after the Downfall of Númenor and the Changing of the World.
Strongbow	Translation of Cúthalion, name of Beleg.
Súlimo	Name of Manwë, rendered in the Valaquenta as ‘Lord of the Breath of Arda’ (literally ‘the Breather’).

T alath Dirnen	The Guarded Plain, north of Nargothrond.
Talath Rhunen	‘The East Vale’, earlier name of Thargelion.
Taniquetil	‘High White Peak’, highest of the mountains of the Pelóri and the highest mountain of Arda, upon whose summit are Ilmarin, the mansions of Manwë and Varda; also called the White Mountain, the Holy Mountain, and the Mountain of Manwë. See Oiolossë.
Tar-Ancalimon	Fourteenth King of Númenor, in whose time the Númenóreans became divided into opposed parties.
Taras	Mountain on a promontory of Nevrast; beneath it was Vinyamar, the dwelling of Turgon before he went to Gondolin.
Tar-Minastir	Eleventh King of Númenor, who aided Gil-galad against Sauron.
Tar-Minyatur	Name of Elros Half-elven as first King of Númenor.
Tarn Aeluin	The lake on Dorthonion where Barahir and his companions made their lair, and where they were slain.
Tar-Palantir	Twenty-third King of Númenor, who repented of the ways of the Kings, and took his name in Quenya: ‘He who looks afar’.
Taur-en-Faroth	The wooded highlands to the west of the river Narog above Nargothrond; also called the High Faroth.
Taur-im-Duinath	‘The Forest between Rivers’, name of the wild country south of the Andram between Sirion and Gelion.
Taur-nu-Fuin	Later name of Dorthonion: ‘the Forest under Night’. Cf. Deldúwath.
Tauron	‘The Forester’ (translated in the Valaquenta ‘Lord of Forests’), a name of Oromë among the Sindar. Cf. Aldaron.
Teiglin	A tributary of Sirion, rising in Ered Wethrin and bounding the Forest of Brethil on the south; see also Crossings of Teiglin.
Telchar	The most renowned of the smiths of Nogrod, the maker of Angrist and (according to Aragorn in The Two Towers) of Narsil.
Teleri	The third and greatest of the three hosts of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Elwë (Thingol) and Olwë. Their own name for themselves was Lindar, the Singers; the name Teleri, the Last-comers, the Hindmost, was given to them by those before them on the march. Many of the Teleri did not leave Middle-earth; the Sindar and the Nandor were Telerin Elves in origin.
Telperion	The elder of the Two Trees of Valinor. Called the White Tree.
Thalos	The second of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand.
Thangorodrim	‘Mountains of Tyranny’, reared by Morgoth above Angband; broken down in the Great Battle at the end of the First Age.
Thargelion	‘The Land beyond Gelion’, between Mount Rerir and the river Ascar, where Caranthir dwelt; called also Dor Caranthir and Talath Rhunen.
Thingol	‘Grey-cloak’, ‘Grey-mantle’ (in Quenya Sindacollo, Singollo), the name by which Elwë, leader with his brother Olwë of the host of the Teleri from Cuiviénen and afterwards King of Doriath, was known in Beleriand; also called the Hidden King. See Elwë.
Thorondor	‘King of Eagles’. Cf. The Return of the King: “Old Thorondor, who built his eyries in the inaccessible peaks of the Encircling Mountains when Middle-earth was young.” See Crissaegrim.
Thranduil	Sindarin Elf, King of the Silvan Elves in the north of Greenwood the Great (Mirkwood); father of Legolas, who was of the Fellowship of the Ring.
Thur Ingwëthil	‘Woman of Secret Shadow’, the messenger of Sauron from Tol-in-Gaurhoth who took the form of a great bat, and in whose shape Lúthien entered Angband.
Tilion	A Maia, steersman of the Moon.
Tintallë	‘The Kindler’, a name of Varda as maker of the Stars. She is called thus in Galadriel’s lament in Lórien (The Fellowship of the Ring). Cf. Elbereth, Elentári.
Tinúviel	The name that Beren gave to Lúthien: a poetic word for the nightingale, ‘Daughter of Twilight’. See Lúthien.
Tirion	‘Great Watch-tower’, the city of the Elves on the hill of Túna in Aman.
Tol Eressëa	‘The Lonely Isle’ (also simply Eressëa), on which the Vanyar and the Noldor and afterwards the Teleri were drawn across the ocean by Ulmo, and which was at last rooted in the Bay of Eldamar near to the coasts of Aman. On Eressëa the Teleri long remained before they went to Alqualondë; and there dwelt many of the Noldor and the Sindar after the ending of the First Age.
Tol Galen	‘The Green Isle’ in the river Adurant in Ossiriand, where Beren and Lúthien dwelt after their return.
Tol-in-Gaurhoth	‘Isle of Werewolves’, name of Tol Sirion after its capture by Sauron.
Tol Morwen	Island in the sea after the drowning of Beleriand on which stood the memorial stone of Túrin, Nienor, and Morwen.
Tol Sirion	Island in the river in the Pass of Sirion on which Finrod built the tower of Minas Tirith; after its capture by Sauron named Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Tulkas	A Vala, the ‘greatest in strength and deeds of prowess’, who came last to Arda; also called Astaldo.
Tumhalad	Valley in the land between the rivers Ginglith and Narog, where the host of Nargothrond was defeated.
Tumladen	‘The Wide Valley’, the hidden vale in the Encircling Mountains in the midst of which stood the city of Gondolin. (Tumladen was afterwards the name of a valley in Gondor: The Return of the King).
Túna	The green hill in the Calacirya on which Tirion, the city of the Elves, was built.
Tuor	Son of Huor and Rían, fostered by the Grey-elves of Mithrim; entered Gondolin bearing the message of Ulmo; wedded Idril, Turgon’s daughter, and with her and their son Eärendil escaped from the destruction of the City; in his ship Eärrámë set sail into the West.
Turambar	‘Master of Doom’, the last name taken by Túrin, during his days in the Forest of Brethil.
Turgon	Called the Wise; the second son of Fingolfin; dwelt at Vinyamar in Nevrast before he departed in secret to Gondolin, which he ruled until his death in the sack of the city; father of Idril the mother of Eärendil.
Túrin	Son of Húrin and Morwen; chief subject of the lay named Narn-i-Hîn Húrin from which Chapter XXI was derived. His other names: Neithan, Gorthol, Agarwaen, Mormegil, Wildman of the Woods, Turambar.
Two Kindreds	Elves and Men.

Uinen	A Maia, the Lady of the Seas, spouse of Ossë.
Uldor	Called the Accursed; son of Ulfang the Black; slain by Maglor in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Ulfang	Called the Black; a chieftain of the Easterlings, who with his three sons followed Caranthir, and proved faithless in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Ulmo	A Vala, one of the Aratar, called Lord of Waters and King of the Sea. The name was interpreted by the Eldar to mean ‘The Pourer’ or ‘The Rainer’.
Ulumúri	The great horns of Ulmo made by the Maia Salmar.
Úmanyar	Name given to those Elves who went on the westward Journey from Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman: ‘Those not of Aman’, beside Amanyar, ‘Those of Aman’.
Úmarth	‘Ill-fate’, a fictitious name for his father given out by Túrin in Nargothrond.
Umbar	Great natural haven and fortress of the Númenóreans south of the Bay of Belfalas.
Undying Lands	Aman and Eressëa; also called the Deathless Lands.
Ungoliant	The great spider, destroyer with Melkor of the Trees of Valinor. Shelob in The Lord of the Rings was ‘the last child of Ungoliant to trouble the unhappy world’ (The Two Towers).
Union of Maedhros	The league formed by Maedhros to defeat Morgoth that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Urulóki	Quenya word meaning ‘fire-serpent’, dragon.
Utumno	The first great stronghold of Melkor, in the north of Middle-earth, destroyed by the Valar.

V airë	‘The Weaver’, one of the Valier, the spouse of Námo (Mandos).
Valacirca	‘The Sickle of the Valar’, name of the constellation of the Great Bear.
Valandil	Youngest son of Isildur; third King of Arnor.
Valaquenta	‘Account of the Valar’, a short work treated as a separate entity from The Silmarillion proper.
Valar	‘Those with Power’, ‘The Powers’ (singular Vala); name given to those great Ainur who entered into Eä at the beginning of Time, and assumed the function of guarding and governing Arda. Called also the Great Ones, the Rulers of Arda, the Lords of the West, the Lords of Valinor. See also Ainur, Aratar.
Valaraukar	‘Demons of Might’ (singular Valarauko), Quenya form corresponding to Sindarin Balrog.
Valaróma	The horn of the Vala Oromë.
Valier	‘The Queens of the Valar’ (singular Valie); a term used only in the Valaquenta.
Valinor	The land of the Valar in Aman, beyond the mountains of the Pelóri; also called the Guarded Realm.
Valmar	The city of the Valar in Valinor; the name also occurs in the form Valimar. In Galadriel’s lament in Lórien (The Fellowship of the Ring) Valimar is made equivalent to Valinor.
Vána	One of the Valier, the sister of Yavanna and spouse of Oromë; called the Ever-young.
Vanyar	The first host of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Ingwë. The name (singular Vanya) means ‘the Fair’, referring to the golden hair of the Vanyar; see Finarfin.
Varda	‘The Exalted’, ‘The Lofty’; also called the Lady of the Stars. Greatest of the Valier, the spouse of Manwë, dwelling with him on Taniquetil. Other names of Varda, as maker of the Stars, were Elbereth, Elentári, Tintallë.
Vása	‘The Consumer’, a name of the Sun among the Noldor.
Vilya	One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Air, borne by Gil-galad and afterwards by Elrond; also called The Ring of Sapphire.
Vingilot	(In full Quenya form Vingilótë). ‘Foam-flower’, the name of Eärendil’s ship; see Rothinzil.
Vinyamar	The house of Turgon in Nevrast under Mount Taras. The meaning is probably ‘New Dwelling’.
Voronwë	‘The Steadfast’, Elf of Gondolin, the only mariner to survive from the seven ships sent into the West after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; met with Tuor at Vinyamar and guided him to Gondolin.

W esternesse	See Anadûnë, Númenor.
White Council	The Council of the Wise in the Third Age formed to oppose Sauron.
White Tree	See Telperion, Galathilion, Nimloth (1). Also the White Trees of Minas Ithil and Minas Anor.
Wilwarin	Name of a constellation. The word meant ‘butterfly’ in Quenya, and the constellation was perhaps Cassiopeia.
Wizards	See Istari.
Woodland Elves	See Silvan Elves.

Y avanna	‘Giver of fruits’; one of the Valier, numbered among the Aratar; the spouse of Aulë; called also Kementári.
Year of Lamentation	The year of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.

Christopher Garbowski

The Silmarillion and Genesis:

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