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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
After reading mark TRUE or FALSE statements. Correct the false ones.
1. Scientists discovered that weightlessness plays an important role in introducing defects in crystals. T/F 2. It became possible to sustain weightlessness on Earth long time ago. T/F 3. The advantages of the zero-gravity state may result in the development of different materials with improved qualities. T/F 4. The Kristall module was partially aimed at performing experiments in materials processing. T/F 5. One objective was to use an electrical cooker in a weightless environment for producing perfect crystals of gallium arsenide and zinc oxide. T/F 6. The computer chips were purer than those they could create within Earth's gravitational field. T/F 7. Materials scientists are finding fiber-optic cables to be more than one million times more efficient than fibers created on Earth. T / F 8. In a weightless situation bubbles move very slightly thus reducing internal cracks. T/F 22 Put the correct words from the table below in the above article. The weightless environment on space stations (1)_____ of much interest to materials scientists. Scientists are (2) _____________ in various properties of materials, such as melting points, molding characteristics, and the combining or separating of raw materials into products. (3)____________ the first space stations, materials scientists performed short experiments aboard plummeting airplanes and from tall drop towers. They discovered that gravity plays a role in introducing (4)___________ in crystals, in the combination of materials, and in other activities. Until the (5)_____________ of space stations, however, scientists were not able to sustain weightlessness long enough to study these phenomena. The advent of space stations allowed the study of new alloys, protein crystals for drug research, and silicon crystals (6) _____use in electronics and semiconductors. Materials scientists theorized that improvements in processing in weightlessness could lead to the (7)_______________ of valuable drugs, high-strength, temperature-resistant ceramics and alloys, and faster computer chips. The Kristall module, was (8)_____________ dedicated to experiments in materials processing. One objective was to use a sophisticated electrical furnace in a weightless environment for producing perfect crystals of gallium arsenide and zinc oxide¹ to create absolutely pure computer chips capable of (9)___________speeds and fewer errors. (10)________ recently, fiber-optic cables are also being improved in weightlessness. Fiber-optic cables, vital for high-speed data transmission, microsurgery, certain lasers, optical power transmission, and fiber-optic gyroscopes, are made of a complex blend of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum, and sodium. When this blend is performed in a weightless environment, materials (11) ___________ are finding them to be more than one hundred times more efficient than fibers created on Earth.
23 Work in pairs: take turns to ask and answer the questions to the text “Creating Materials in a Weightless Environment“ 1. What natural phenomenon with regard to space were scientists interested in? 2. What kind of experiments did materials scientists perform before the first space stations? 3. What did they discover through these studies? 4. When did it become possible to sustain weightlessness long enough? 5. What did the advent of space stations allow us to study? 6. In which spheres of our life can improved materials be applied? |
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