Functions of the Infinitives

Table 3

Функция и место в аглийском предложении	Пример	Перевод на русский язык
1. Подлежащее стоит перед сказуемым	To walk is useful. To master this speciality is not an easy thing	Гулять полезно. Овладеть этой специальностью – нелегкое дело
2. Смысловая часть составного сказуемого – стоит после глагола – связки	Our aim is to master English.   To live is to learn.	Наша цель – овладеть английским языком. Жить – значит учиться.
3.Дополнение стоит после сказуемого	She likes to sing. He forgot to translate this text yesterday.	Она любит петь. Он забыл перевести этот текст вчера.
4. Определение – стоит полсе определяемого существительного	The method to be used is not new.   He was the first to prove it.	Метод, который должен будет использоваться, не нов. Он был первым, кто доказал это.
5. Обстоятельство – стоит в начале или в конце предложения	He went there to study. (In order) to know English well you have to work hard.   This problem is too difficult to be solved at once.	Он поехал туда учиться. Для того, чтобы знать английский язык хорошо, вы должны усердно работать. Эта проблема слишком трудная, чтобы решить её сразу.

 

I. Define forms of the infinitive.

                                 

to have bought, to be producing, to have been finished,

to have been working, to have been carried out, to divide,

to be given, to be reading, to have made, to be moving,

to have been adopted, to be written, to be studying, to

be examined.

 

II. Give the forms of the following verbs.

 

_Perfect Active:           to make, to reach, to find, to stop, to

                                      help, to write.

 

_Continuous Active:    to walk, to move, to go, to study, to

                                      divide, to sell.

                                      

_Perfect Passive:          to understand, to set up, to consider,

                                      to say, to suppose, to believe.

 

III. Make all possible forms of the infinitive.

 

to study, to read, to know, to speak, to get, to meet,

to help, to receive, to support, to finish, to begin.

 

IV. Comment on the forms of the infinitive.

 

1. I want to know how long we are expected to wait.

2. He seemed to be weighing something in his mind.

3. You know how I hate to interfere in other people's business.

4. First I considered myself to be standing high and lean, very fair, with a straight wide mouth.

5. Was the object attached to anything? No wires or anything? I mean, someone couldn't have

1. been having a joke or something?

6. He seemed to have taken his defeat quietly.

2. 7.I rang the bell of the dependable family, and the man answered with remarkable promptness; 

3. he seemed to have been waiting for it to ring.

7. You must be careful with Dinny.

8. You must have noticed her there.

9. The whole thing must have been going on under her eyes.

 

V. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the functions of the infinitive.

 

a) the subject

1. To read English books is useful.

2. To live is to learn.

3. To see him was pleasant.

4. It is important to learn foreign languages.

5. It is difficult to translate this text without a dictionary.

6. It is necessary to help your friends.

 

b) the part of the predicate

1. You must improve your methods of work.

2. We are to study the main laws of market.

3. Our aim is to fulfil this work in time.

4. His work is to design machines.

5. All you have to do is to attend lessons.

 

c) the object

1. We hope to get new data in a week or two.

2. He wants to become an economist.

3. They plan to increase the output of consumer goods.

4. She liked to read books aloud.

5. I wanted to see this film.

                                 

d) the attribute

1. The man to deliver this lecture is our dean.

2. There are many problems to be solved.

3. Leonov was the first to step out into the open space.

4. He is always the first to come.

5. She was the last to join the group.

6. Automation is one of the ways to increase production.

 

e) the adverbial modifier

1. To fulfil the task the students must work hard.

2. In order to translate this text I need a dictionary.

3. This problem is too difficult to be solved at once.

4. The workers of that plant work much to finish the task in time.

5. He is experienced enough to settle the problem.

 

VI. Translate the sentences into Russian, using the infinitive from the following list as:

 

a) the subject: to repair, to hear, to speak, to wait, to search

1. He went off ... for him now was a fortune.

2. It was impossible ... the bicycle.

3. It took us twelve days ... the island.

4. At this moment, ... required more effort than she could make.

5. It is such a comfort ... you say so, doctor.

                                                      

b) the part of a predicate: to go on, to try, to tell, to return, to keep.

1. My next plan was ... to the house, avoiding Wells if possible.

2. My advice to you is ... a coach tour.

3. The only thing she could do was ... the truth.

4. The greatest thing is ... our heads up.

5. There was no water nearby and the only thing was ... to find it somewhere.

c) the object: to air, to see, to show, to join, to be surprised

1. He promised ... us all of the island.

2. I must tell Ellen ... the drawing-room very well tomorrow.

3. I was so relieved that I forgot ... by her speaking.

4. He asked me ... his party.

5. Philip was not sorry ... him off.

 

d) the attribute: to do,to say,to waste,to make,to arrive

1. There's nothing else ... .

2. They had very little ... .

3. There were no objections ... that you could put your finger on.

4. He was nearly the last ... .

5. You see I have no time ... .

 

e) adverbial modifier of result: to give, to believe, to go, to shut, to waste.

1. You are too young ... to the door on life.

2. She was well enough ... to visit Henry in the sanatorium.

3. It's too good a story ...

4. You are too good ... me

5. He was stingy enough ... her money.

 

f) adverbial modifier of purpose: to spend, to see, to keep, to fetch, to have

1. Gennie had driven off next day ... the twins from a swimming-pool near by.

2. "Hallo,Marjie,I said. "Have you come ... me company?"

3. I arrived on Saturday afternoon ... a week there.

4. He invited them to the flat one evening ... coffee.

5. Sometimes people came from London especially ... the Black Madonna.

 

VII. Insert the infinitive with the particle "to" before it where necessary.

1. She began (to talk) of Moscow.

2. It was a command from her mother,and there was nothing for her (to do) but (to obey) it.

3. You must (to take) care not (to offend) her.

4. I'd rather not (to do) home that way.

5. "I think we'd better (to go) and (to get) dry", he said.

6. It heartened Mary (to hear) him (to speak) so lightly.

7. I want (to begin) (to earn) my corn.

8. "Do you want (to write)?" - "Of course". - "Then why not (to write) it?"

9. Could you (to ask) him (to come) as soon as he can?

10. Well, I think we ought (to be) starting?

 

VIII. Compose sentences using the given words.

 

1. To play, like, I, tennis.

2. to be, he, the,to take part,glad,is,excursion,invited.

3. he, lesson, sorry, the, is, missed, to have.

4. serve, let, party, the, him.

5. my, felt, hand, shoulder, his, touch.

6. necessary, the, time, it, to be, is,in, Institute, in

 

IX. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Translate the sentences.

 

1. I want (to go) to the Far East.

2. That was the last thing she expected (to hear) him (to say).

3. She could not let herself (to cry).

4. He seemed (to think) over what he wanted (to say).

5. He wants (to congratulate) you in person.

6. The question is, what had I better (to do) with this house.

7. Wrap up my lunch, child. I must (to go) now.

8. I don't like (to see) men (to cry). I don't even like (to see) women or babies (to cry).

9. They do nothing but (to talk) it all day long.

10. Let's (to go) and (to find) him, he's sure (to be) in front of his picture.

11. Some important decisions must (to make) soon.

12. But there is something else (to do).

13. There was nothing (to do) but (to knit) all day long.

14. I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for him.

15. We walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall.

 

 

X. Define forms amd functions of the infinitive. Translate the sentences.

 

1. It is difficult to follow you.

2. His next step was to learn the truth.

3. He hate to hurt somebody's feelings.

4. She has got a family to be proud of.

5. He will have to work hard to catch up with the group.

6. Popov was the first to invent the radio.

7. It is late to give advice.

8. My job was to let her know how things are

9. He is too young to walk there.

10. She had nothing to help her with her work.

11. It was not easy to explain his behaviour.

12. They are glad to have obtained such results.

13. Our plan was to get information about it.

14. He left for Kiev to enter the University.

15. It was hard to believe his words.

 

 

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