The Method of Entering Ihram

28 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the talbiya of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was, " I am at Your service, O Allah, I am at Your service. You have no partner. I am at Your service. Praise and blessing belong to You, and the Kingdom. You have no partner."

Labbayk, Allahumma labayk, la sharika laka labbayk. Inna'l-hamda wa'n-ni'mata laka wa'l-mulk, la sharika lak.

Malik said that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to add, " I am at Your service, I am at Your service. I am at Your service and at Your call. Good is in Your hands, and I am at Your service. Our desire is for You, and our action."

Labbayk, labbayk, labbayk wa s'dayka wa'l-khayr biyadayka labayk wa'r-raghba'u ilayka wa'l-'amalu.

[cf Bukhari 1474]

29 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to pray two rak'ats in the mosque at Dhu'l-Hulayfa, and then, when he had got on to his camel and it had stood up, he would begin doing talbiya.

[cf Bukhari 1443]

30 Yahya related to me from Malik from Musa ibn 'Uqba that Salim ibn 'Abdullah heard his father say, " Your claim that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began doing talbiya from this desert of yours is not true, because he only began doing talbiya from the mosque, i.e. the mosque of Dhu'l-Hulayfa."

[cf Bukhari 1467]

31 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id al-Maqburi that 'Ubayd ibn Jurayj once said to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, " Abu 'Abd ar-Rahman, I have seen you doing four things which I have never seen any of your companions doing." He said, " What are they, Ibn Jurayj? " and he replied, " I have seen you touching only the two Yamani corners, I have seen you wearing hairless sandals, I have seen you using yellow dye, and, when you were at Makka and everybody had started doing talbiya after seeing the new moon, I saw that you did not do so until the eighth of Dhu'l-Hijja."

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar replied, " As for the corners, I only ever saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, touching the two Yamani corners. As for the sandals, I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wearing hairless sandals and doing wudu' in them, and I like wearing them. As for using yellow dye, I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, using it, and I also like to use it for dyeing things with. As for doing talbiya, I never saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, begin doing so until he had set out on the animal he was riding on (i.e. for Mina and 'Arafa)."

[cf Bukhari 164]

32 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to pray in the mosque of Dhu'l-Hulayfa, and then go outside and get on his camel and when his camel had stood up he would begin to do talbiya.

33 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan had started to do talbiya at the mosque of Dhu'l-Hulayfa, after the animal he was riding on had stood up, and that Aban ibn 'Uthman had told him to do this.

20.10 Raising the Voice in Talbiya

34 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn 'Amr ibn Hazm from 'Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Bakr ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham from Khallad ibn as-Sa'ib al-Ansari from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " Jibril came to me and told me to tell my companions, or whoever was with me, to raise their voices when doing talbiya."

[In Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah]

35 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people of knowledge say, " Women do not have to raise their voices when they are doing talbiya, and a woman should only speak loudly enough to hear herself."

Malik said, " Someone who is in ihram should not raise his voice when doing talbiya if he is in a mosque where there are groups of people. He should only speak loudly enough for himself and those who are near him to be able to hear, except in the Masjid al-Haram and the mosque at Mina where he should raise his voice."

Malik said, " I have heard some of the people of knowledge recommending (people to do) talbiya at the end of every prayer and at every rise on the route."

20.11 Hajj al-Ifrad

36 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'l-Aswad Muhammad ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, from 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, " We set out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the year of the Farewell Hajj, and some of us went into ihram to perform 'umra, some of us went into ihram to perform hajj and 'umra, and some of us went into ihram to perform hajj on its own. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went into ihram to perform hajj on its own. Those who had gone into ihram to perform 'umra came out of ihram (after doing 'umra). Those who had gone into ihram to perform hajj on its own (Hajj al-Ifrad), or to perform both hajj and 'umra (Hajj al-Qiran), did not come out of ihram until the Day of the Sacrifice."

[cf Bukhari 1487]

37 Yahya related to me from Malik, from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim, from his father, from 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did Hajj al-Ifrad.

[In Muslim]

38 Yahya related to me from Malik, from Abu'l-Aswad Muhammad ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, from 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, from 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, that the Meessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did Hajj al-Ifrad.

39 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people of knowledge say, " If someone goes into ihram to perform Hajj al-Ifrad, he cannot then go into ihram to perform 'umra."

Malik said, " This is what I have found the people of knowledge in our city doing."

20.12 Doing Hajj and 'Umra Together (Hajj al-Qiran)

40 Yahya related to me from Malik, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, that al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad once went to see 'Ali ibn Abi Talib at as-Suqya, where he was feeding some young camels of his with a mash of meal and leaves, and he said to him, " This man 'Uthman ibn 'Affan is telling people that they cannot do Hajj al-Qiran."

Al-Miqdad said, " 'Ali ibn Abi Talib went off with bits of meal and leaves on his forearms - and I shall never forget the sight of the meal and the leaves on his arms - and went to see 'Uthman ibn 'Affan and asked him, 'Are you saying then that people cannot do Hajj al-Qiran? ' 'Uthman replied, 'That is my opinion.' Whereupon 'Ali got angry and went out saying, 'I am at your service, O Allah, I am at your service for Hajj al-Qiran.' "

Malik said, " Our position (here in Madina) is that someone who does Hajj al-Qiran should not remove any of his hair, nor should he come out of ihram in any way until he has sacrificed an animal, if he has one. He should come out of ihram at Mina, on the Day of Sacrifice."

41 Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, from Sulayman ibn Yasar, that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out for hajj in the year of the Farewell Hajj, some of his companions went into ihram to do Hajj al-Mufrad, some of them combined hajj and 'umra, and some went into ihram to do 'umra on its own. Those who had gone into ihram to do hajj, or hajj and 'umra together, did not come out of ihram, whilst those who had gone into ihram to do 'umra (on its own) came out of ihram.

42 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard some of the people of knowledge say, " If someone goes into ihram to do 'umra and then wants to go into ihram to do hajj as well, he can do so, as long as he has not done tawaf of the House and sa'y between Safa and Marwa. This is what 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar did when he said, 'If I am blocked from the House we shall do what we did when we were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.' He then turned to his companions and said, 'It is the same either way. I call you to witness that I have decided in favour of hajj and 'umra together.' "

[cf Bukhari 1712]

Malik said, " The companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went into ihram to do 'umra in the year of the Farewell Hajj, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to them, 'Anyone that has a sacrificial animal with him should go into ihram to perform hajj and 'umra together, and he should not come out of ihram until he has finished both.' "

20.13 When to Stop the Talbiya

43 Yahya related to me from Malik that Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ath-Thaqafi once asked Anas ibn Malik, while the two of them were going from Mina to 'Arafa, " What did you use to do on this day when you were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace? " He said, " Those of us who were saying the talbiya would continue doing so, and no one disapproved of it, and those of us who were saying 'Allahu akbar' would continue doing so, and no one disapproved of that either."

[cf Bukhari 1576]

44 Yahya related to me from Malik, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib used to say the talbiya while on hajj until after noon on the day of 'Arafa, when he would stop doing so.

Yahya said that Malik said, " This is what the people of knowledge in our city are still doing."

45 Yahya related to me from Malik, from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim, from his father, that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would stop saying the talbiya when she arrived at the place of standing (i.e. 'Arafa).

46 Yahya related to me from Malik, from Nafi', that when 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was doing hajj he would keep saying the talbiya until he reached the Haram and did tawaf of the House and sa'y between Safa and Marwa. He would then say the talbiya until he left Mina to go to 'Arafa, at which point he would stop doing so. If he was doing 'umra he would stop saying the talbiya on entering the Haram.

[cf Bukhari 1498]

47 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab used to say, " 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar would never say the talbiya while he was doing tawaf of the House."

48 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Alqama ibn Abi 'Alqama from his mother that 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, used to camp on the plain of 'Arafa at a place called Namira, and then later she changed to another place called al-Arak. She said, " 'A'isha, and those who were with her, would say the talbiya while she was at the place where they were camping, and then, when she had mounted and set out towards the place of standing, she would stop doing so."

She continued, " 'A'isha used to do 'umra when she was in Makka after the Hajj was over, in the month of Dhu'l-Hijja. Then she stopped doing that, and instead would set out before the new moon of Muharram for al-Juhfa, where she would stay until she saw the new moon, and then, when she had seen the new moon, she would go into ihram to perform 'umra."

49 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz was once going from Mina (to 'Arafa) on the Day of 'Arafa and heard the takbir being said loudly, so he sent the guard to shout out to the people, " O people, you should be saying the talbiya."

20.14 How the people of Makka, and those besides them living there, go into ihram

50 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his father that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, " People of Makka, why is it that people arrive dishevelled while you still have oil on your hair? Go into ihram when you see the new moon."

51 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa that 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr stayed in Makka for nine years. He would go into ihram for hajj at the beginning of Dhu'l-Hijja, and 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, who was with him, would do likewise.

Yahya said that Malik said, " The people of Makka and whoever else is living there besides them should go into ihram for hajj if they are in Makka, and anyone that is living in the centre of Makka and is not one of the people of Makka should not leave the Haram."

Yahya said that Malik said, " Someone who goes into ihram for hajj in Makka should delay tawaf of the House and the sa'y between Safa and Marwa until he has come back from Mina, which is what 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to do."

Malik was asked what the people of Madina, or anybody else, should do about tawaf if they went into ihram in Makka at the beginning of Dhu'l-Hijja, and he said, " They should delay the obligatory tawaf, which is the one they combine with the sa'y between Safa and Marwa, but they can do whatever other tawaf they want to, and they should pray two rak'ats every time they complete seven circuits, which is what the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did when they had gone into ihram to do hajj. They delayed the tawaf of the House and the sa'y between Safa and Marwa until they had come back from Mina. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar also did this, going into ihram for hajj in Makka at the beginning of Dhu'l-Hijja, and then delaying tawaf of the House and the sa'y between Safa and Marwa until he had come back from Mina."

Malik was asked whether one of the people of Makka could go into ihram to do 'umra in the centre of Makka, and he said, " No. He should go outside the Haram and go into ihram there."

20.15 Situations when Ihram is not Obligatory for Garlanding Sacrificial Animals

52 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad that 'Amra bint 'Abd ar-Rahman told him that Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan once wrote to 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying " 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas said that whatever was haram for someone doing hajj was also haram for someone who sent a sacrificial animal until the animal was sacrificed. I have sent one, so write and tell me what you say about this, or tell the man in charge of the animal what to do."

'Amra said that 'A'isha said, " It is not as Ibn 'Abbas has said. I once plaited the garlands for the sacrificial animal of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with my own two hands. Then after that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, himself put the garlands on the animal and then sent it with my father. And there was nothing that Allah had made halal for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that was haram for him until such time as the animal had been sacrificed."

[cf Bukhari 1613]

53 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id said, " I asked 'Amra bint 'Abd ar-Rahman if there was anything that was haram for someone who sent a sacrificial animal (to Makka) but did not go there himself, and she told me that she had heard 'A'isha say, 'It is only someone who goes into ihram for hajj and begins saying the talbiya for whom things are haram.' "

54 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith at-Taymi that Rabi'a ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Hudayr once saw a man in a state of ihram in Iraq. So he asked people about him and they said, " He has given directions for his sacrificial animal to be garlanded, and it is for that reason that he has put on ihram." Rabi'a said, " I then met 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr and so I mentioned this to him and he said, 'By the Lord of the Ka'ba, an innovation.' "

Malik was asked about someone who set out with his own sacrificial animal and marked it and garlanded it at Dhu'l-Hulayfa, but did not go into ihram until he had reached al-Juhfa, and he said, " I do not like that, and whoever does so has not acted properly. He should only garland his sacrificial animal, or mark it, when he goes into ihram, unless it is someone who does not intend to do hajj, in which case he sends it off and stays with his family."

Malik was asked if someone who was not in ihram could set out with a sacrifical animal, and he said, " Yes. There is no harm in that."

He was also asked to comment on the different views people had about what became haram for someone who garlanded a sacrificial animal but did not intend to do either hajj or 'umra, and he said, " What we go by as far as this is concerned is what 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, said, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent his sacrificial animal off and did not go there himself, and there was nothing that Allah had made halal for him that was haram for him until the animal had been sacrificed.'"

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