THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. Automatic control now appears in many fields and involves many control instruments and apparatus. Their usage embraces a great variety of machines, plants and processes.

2. Automatic systems take several forms and are based on several different techniques, but in each the measurement and correction of errors are performed and coordinated by electronic devices and the human operator does not take an active part in it.

3. First of all automatic control was widely established in such industries as chemical, petroleum, iron and steel, cement, paper, textile, printing, food and others. The overall trend now is toward a total automatic control in industry with the help of new generations of electronic devices with their rapidity, accurateness, reliability, flexibility and compactness.

4. Our country has many thousands of comprehensively mechanized and automated enterprises and workshops. The mechanized and automated production lines replace or lighten the work of a tremendous number of workers. All the hydropower plants in the country have been completely automated.

5. The present day stage of automation is based on the revolution in computer technology, in computerization of the whole national economy.

6. But still much research work is to be done to perfect the system. It is essential to improve the quality of automation equipment as well as the programmes of the computers. A major problem is to better automate inspection, quality control, information system. For automatic three-dimensional recognition the system (size, shape and colour) the problem still remains of greatest concern. With the increase of automation the scientist must solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors tied together by a single system of computer network. The development of new flexible technologies and sociological problems involves need, of course, a new approach too.

 

 

Exercise 1 . Find the synonyms in the text to the following words and word-combinations:

1. to include (1)                                                           4. precision (3)

2. a mistake (2)                                                            5. to perfect (6)

3. to participate (2)

 

Exercise 2. Say if the statements are true or false:

1. Automatic systems take a great variety of forms, but in each the correction of errors is performed by the human operator.

2. Automatic control was established in cement, chemical, iron, steel, printing, food industries.

3. The new generations of electronic devices possess rapidity, reliability, flexibility.

4. The present day stage of automation is based on the revolution in computer technology and modification of the whole national economy.

5. It is essential to improve the programmes of the computers. 

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences choosing the right variant:

1. Automatic control now appears in many fields and involves…

a). machines;

b). plants;

c). instruments.

 

2. The correction of errors is performed by…

a). electronic devices;

b). a digital computer;

c). an operator.

 

3. Our country has many thousands of automated…

a). plants and factories;

b). enterprises and workshops;

c). production lines and conveyers.

 

4. The overall trend is a total automatic control in industry with the help of new generations of electronic devices with their…

a). failure-free operations;

b). reliability;

c). effectiveness.

 

5. The development of new flexible technologies involves…

a). a new technique;

b). a new approach;

c). a new method.

 

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What industries was the automatic control established in?

2. How is the work of a tremendous number of workers lightened?

3. What characteristics have electronic devices?

4. Why is it essential to improve the quality of automation equipment?

5. What is the major problem in automatic control?

 

Exercise 5. Describe the present stage of automation in our country.

Exercise 6. Define the major problem of automatic control.

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